{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T21:27:35Z","timestamp":1770067655450,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T08:27:58Z","timestamp":1445588878000},"page":"741-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Genetics, realized heritability and preliminary mechanism of spinosad resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): an invasive pest from Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Babar Shahzad","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfraz Ali","family":"Shad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naeem","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9871_CR1","first-page":"421","volume":"12","author":"G Abbas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbas G, Arif MJ, Ashfaq M, Aslam M, Saeed S (2010) Host plants, distribution and overwintering of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Int J Agric Biol 12:421\u2013425","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol"},{"key":"9871_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3773-4","volume":"113","author":"N Abbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbas N, Khan HAA, Shad SA (2014a) Cross-resistance, genetics, and realized heritability of resistance to fipronil in the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): a potential vector for disease transmission. Parasitol Res 113:1343\u20131352","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"9871_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1217-7","volume":"23","author":"N Abbas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbas N, Khan HAA, Shad SA (2014b) Resistance of the house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to lambda-cyhalothrin: mode of inheritance, realized heritability, and cross-resistance to other insecticides. Ecotoxicol 23:791\u2013801","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol"},{"key":"9871_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","volume":"18","author":"WS Abbott","year":"1925","unstructured":"Abbott WS (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol 18:265\u2013267","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.02.001","volume":"71","author":"MBS Afzal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afzal MBS, Shad SA (2015) Resistance inheritance and mechanism to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Crop Prot 71:60\u201365","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"9871_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3783","volume":"71","author":"MBS Afzal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afzal MBS, Shad SA, Abbas N, Ayyaz M, Walker WB (2015) Cross resistance, stability of resistance and effect of acetamiprid on biological parameters of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan. Pest Manag Sci 71:151\u2013158","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR7","first-page":"163","volume":"11","author":"MI Arif","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arif MI, Rafiq M, Ghaffar A (2009) Host plants of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis): a new menace to cotton agro-ecosystem of Punjab. Int J Agric Biol 11:163\u2013167","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol"},{"key":"9871_CR10","unstructured":"Ben-Dov Y, Miller DR, Gibson GAP (2009) ScaleNet: a searchable information system on scale insects. http:\/\/www.sel.barc.usda.gov\/scalenet\/scalenet.htm . Accessed 8 Aug 2009"},{"key":"9871_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1388","volume":"63","author":"P Bielza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bielza P, Quinto V, Contreras J, Torne M, Martin A, Espinosa PJ (2007a) Resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in greenhouses of south-eastern Spain. Pest Manag Sci 63:682\u2013687","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/100.3.916","volume":"100","author":"P Bielza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bielza P, Quinto V, Fernandez E, Gravalos C, Contreras J (2007b) Genetics of spinosad resistance in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J Econ Entomol 100:916\u2013920","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s000360050068","volume":"11","author":"D Bourguet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bourguet D, Raymond M (1998) The molecular basis of dominance relationships: the case of some recent adaptive genes. J Evol Biol 11:103\u2013122","journal-title":"J Evol Biol"},{"key":"9871_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.6.1588","volume":"93","author":"D Bourguet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bourguet D, Genissel A, Raymond M (2000) Insecticide resistance and dominance levels. J Econ Entomol 93:1588\u20131595","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouvier JC, Bu\u00e8s R, Boivin T, Boudinhon L, Beslay D, Sauphanor B (2001) Deltamethrin resistance in the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) inheritance and number of genes involved. Heredity 87:456\u2013462","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2001.00928.x"},{"key":"9871_CR15","first-page":"6","volume":"52","author":"BL Bret","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bret BL, Larson LL, Schoonover JR, Sparks TC, Thompson GD (1997) Biological properties of spinosad. Down Earth 52:6","journal-title":"Down Earth"},{"key":"9871_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/88.1.11","volume":"88","author":"CF Chilcutt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chilcutt CF, Tabashnik BE (1995) Evaluation of pesticide resistance and slope of the concentration-mortality line: are they related? J Econ Entomol 88:11\u201320","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR17","first-page":"169","volume":"23","author":"PMM David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David PMM, Rajkumar K, Elanchezhyan K, Razak TA, Nelson SJ, Nainar P, Muralibaskaran RK, Rajavel DS (2010) Efficacy of castor oil-based soft soaps against cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on brinjal. Karnataka J Agric Sci 23:169\u2013170","journal-title":"Karnataka J Agric Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.01.003","volume":"20","author":"RH Ffrench-Constant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ffrench-Constant RH, Daborn PJ, Goff GL (2004) The genetics and genomics of insecticide resistance. Trends Genet 20:163\u2013170","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"9871_CR19","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Probit analysis","author":"DJ Finney","year":"1971","unstructured":"Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, UK, p 333","edition":"3"},{"key":"9871_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(69)90116-7","volume":"26","author":"GP Georghiou","year":"1969","unstructured":"Georghiou GP (1969) Genetics of resistance to insecticides in house flies and mosquitoes. Exp Parasitol 26:224\u2013255","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"9871_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4466-7_32","volume-title":"Pest resistance to pesticides","author":"GP Georghiou","year":"1983","unstructured":"Georghiou GP (1983) Management of resistance in arthropods. In: Georghiou GP, Saito T (eds) Pest resistance to pesticides. Plenum, New York, pp 769\u2013792"},{"key":"9871_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1913.1.1","volume":"1913","author":"CJ Hodgson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hodgson CJ, Abbas G, Arif MJ, Saeed S, Karar H (2008) Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), an invasive mealybug damaging cotton in Pakistan and India, with a discussion on seasonal morphological variation. Zootaxa 1913:1\u201335","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"9871_CR23","first-page":"85","volume":"2","author":"WM Hoskins","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hoskins WM (1960) Use of the dosage mortality curve in quantitative estimation of insecticide resistance. Entomol Soc Am 2:85\u201391","journal-title":"Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"9871_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.939","volume":"61","author":"T Jones","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jones T, Scott-Dupree C, Harris R, Shipp L, Harris B (2005) The efficacy of spinosad against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and its impact on associated biological control agents on greenhouse cucumbers in southern Ontario. Pest Manag Sci 61:179\u2013185","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1921","volume":"66","author":"EG Kakani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kakani EG, Zygouridis NE, Tsoumani KT, Seraphides N, Zalomc FG, Mathiopoulos KD (2010) Spinosad resistance development in wild olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations in California. Pest Manag Sci 66:447\u2013453","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.11.006","volume":"130","author":"HAA Khan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khan HAA, Akram W, Shad SA (2014) Genetics, cross-resistance and mechanism of resistance to spinosad in a field strain of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Acta Trop 130:148\u2013154","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"9871_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0640-2","volume":"20","author":"PL Klerks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klerks PL, Xie L, Levinton JS (2011) Quantitative genetics approaches to study evolutionary processes in ecotoxicology; a perspective from research on the evolution of resistance. Ecotoxicol 20:513\u2013523","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol"},{"key":"9871_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/99.3-4.541","volume":"99","author":"R Lande","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lande R (1981) The minimum number of genes contributing to quantitative variation between and within populations. Genetics 99:541\u2013553","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"9871_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)03549-9","volume":"99","author":"JT Litchfield","year":"1949","unstructured":"Litchfield JT, Wilcoxon F (1949) A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J Pharmacol Exp Theory 99:99\u2013103","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Theory"},{"key":"9871_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.4.1269","volume":"93","author":"N Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu N, Yue X (2000) Insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J Econ Entomol 93:1269\u20131275","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/130.3.613","volume":"130","author":"JA McKenzie","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKenzie JA, Anthony G, Parker AG, Janet L, Yen JL (1992) Polygenic and single gene responses to selection for resistance to Diazinon in Lucilia cuprina. Genetics 130:613\u2013620","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"9871_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2013.10.013","volume":"56","author":"A Rehan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rehan A, Fareed S (2014) Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Prot 56:10\u201315","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"9871_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roush RT (1998) Two-toxin strategies for management of insecticidal transgenic crops: can pyramiding succeed where pesticide mixtures have not? In: Royal-Society discussion meeting on insecticide resistance\u2014from mechanisms to management, London, pp 1777\u20131786","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0330"},{"key":"9871_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roush RT, Daly JC (1990) The role of population genetics in resistance research and management. In: Roush RT, Tabashnik BE (eds) Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 97\u2013152","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-6429-0_5"},{"key":"9871_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.32.010187.002045","volume":"32","author":"RT Roush","year":"1987","unstructured":"Roush RT, McKenzie JA (1987) Ecological genetics of insecticide and acaricide resistance. Annu Rev Entomol 32:361\u2013380","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR38","first-page":"35","volume":"52","author":"VL Salgado","year":"1997","unstructured":"Salgado VL (1997) The modes of action of spinosad and other insect control products. Down Earth 52:35","journal-title":"Down Earth"},{"key":"9871_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.1998.2332","volume":"60","author":"VL Salgado","year":"1998","unstructured":"Salgado VL (1998) Studies on mode of action of spinosad: insect symptoms and physiological correlates. Pestic Biochem Physiol 60:91\u2013102","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"9871_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.869","volume":"60","author":"AH Sayyed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sayyed AH, Omar D, Wright DJ (2004) Genetics of spinosad resistance in a multi-resistant field-selected population of Plutella xylostella. Pest Manag Sci 60:827\u2013832","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1031","volume":"61","author":"AM Sayyed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sayyed AM, Attique MNR, Khaliq A, Wright DJ (2005) Inheritance of resistance and cross-resistance to deltamethrin in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Pest Manag Sci 61:636\u2013642","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/101.5.1658","volume":"101","author":"AH Sayyed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sayyed AH, Saeed S, Noor-ul-ane M, Crickmore N (2008) Genetic, biochemical, and physiological characterization of spinosad resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J Econ Entomol 101:1658\u20131666","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9063(199810)54:2<131::AID-PS783>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"54","author":"JG Scott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scott JG (1998) Toxicity of spinosad to susceptible and resistant strains of house flies Musca domestica. Pest Manag Sci 54:131\u2013133","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1950","volume":"66","author":"SA Shad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shad SA, Sayyed AH, Saleem MA (2010) Cross-resistance, mode of inheritance and stability of resistance to emamectin in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Manag Sci 66:839\u2013846","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2073","volume":"67","author":"J Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi J, Zhang L, Gao X (2011) Characterization of spinosad resistance in the house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Pest Manag Sci 67:335\u2013340","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-3575(03)00011-7","volume":"75","author":"T Shono","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shono T, Scott JG (2003) Spinosad resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on autosome I. Pestic Biochem Physiol 75:1\u20137","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"9871_CR49","volume-title":"Biometry","author":"RR Sokal","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1981) Biometry, 3rd edn. WH Freeman, San Francisco","edition":"3"},{"key":"9871_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2011.11.004","volume":"102","author":"TC Sparks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sparks TC, Dripps JE, Watson GB, Paroonagian D (2012) Resistance and cross resistance to the spinosyns: a review and analysis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 102:1\u201310","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"9871_CR51","first-page":"325","volume":"38","author":"BF Stone","year":"1968","unstructured":"Stone BF (1968) A formula for determining degree of dominance in cases of monofactorial inheritance of resistance to chemicals. Bull WHO 38:325\u2013326","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"9871_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13173","volume":"51","author":"T Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su T, Cheng ML (2014) Laboratory selection of resistance to spinosad in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 51:421\u2013427","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/85.5.1551","volume":"85","author":"BE Tabashnik","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tabashnik BE (1992) Resistance risk assessment: realized heritability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ Entomol 85:1551\u20131559","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"1994","key":"9871_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/87.4.834","volume":"87","author":"BE Tabashnik","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tabashnik BE, Mcgaughey WH (1994) Resistance risk assessment for single and multiple insecticides: responses of Indian meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis. J Econ Entomol 87(1994):834\u2013841","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/85.4.1046","volume":"85","author":"BE Tabashnik","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tabashnik BE, Schwartz JM, Finson N, Jhonson MN (1992) Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamond backmoth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J Econ Entomol 85:1046\u20131055","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"9871_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2002-0823.ch005","volume":"823","author":"GD Thompson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thompson GD, Sparks TC (2002) Spinosad: a green natural product for insect control. Advancing sustainability through green chemistry and engineering. ACS Symp Ser 823:61\u201373","journal-title":"ACS Symp Ser"},{"key":"9871_CR57","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"GD Thompson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thompson GD, Michel KH, Yao RC, Mynderse JS, Mosburg CT, Worden TV, Chio EH, Sparks TC, Hutchins SH (1997) The discovery of Saccharopolyspora spinosa and a new class of insect control products. Down Earth 52:1\u20135","journal-title":"Down Earth"},{"key":"9871_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/1526-4998(200008)56:8<696::AID-PS182>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"56","author":"GD Thompson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thompson GD, Dutton R, Sparks TC (2000) Spinosad: a case study: an example from a natural product discovery programme. Pest Mang Sci 56:696\u2013702","journal-title":"Pest Mang Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2005.07.002","volume":"84","author":"W Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang W, Mo J, Cheng J, Zhuang P, Tang Z (2006) Selection and characterization of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 84:180\u2013187","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"9871_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1794","volume":"65","author":"D Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang D, Qiu X, Ren X, Zhang W, Wang K (2009) Effects of spinosad on Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China: tolerance status, synergism and enzymatic responses. Pest Manag Sci 65:1040\u20131046","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1006\/pest.2001.2559","volume":"71","author":"GB Watson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Watson GB (2001) Actions of insecticidal spinosyns on \u03b3-aminobutyric acid responses from small-diameter cockroach neurons. Pestic Biochem Physiol 71:20","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"9871_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.11.004","volume":"40","author":"GB Watson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watson GB, Chouinard SW, Cook KR, Geng C, Gifford JM, Gustafson GD, Hasler JM, Larrinua IM, Letherer TJ, Mitchell JC, Pak WL, Salgado VL, Sparks TC, Stilwell GE (2010) A spinosyn-sensitive Drosophila melanogaster nicotinic acetylcholine receptor identified through chemical induced target site resistance, resistance gene identification, and heterologous expression. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 40:376\u2013384","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"9871_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(02)00153-9","volume":"22","author":"CF Wyss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wyss CF, Young HP, Shukla J, Roe RM (2003) Biology and genetics of laboratory strain of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), highly resistant to spinosad. Crop Prot 22:307\u2013314","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"9871_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(02)00147-3","volume":"22","author":"HP Young","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young HP, Bailey WD, Roe RM (2003) Spinosad selection of a laboratory strain of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and characterization of resistance. Crop Prot 22:265\u2013273","journal-title":"Crop Prot"},{"key":"9871_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2008.00192.x","volume":"15","author":"SY Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang SY, Kono S, Murai T, Miyata T (2008) Mechanisms of resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Insect Sci 15:125\u2013132","journal-title":"Insect Sci"},{"key":"9871_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-95.2.430","volume":"95","author":"JZ Zhao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhao JZ, Li YX, Collins HL, Gusukuma-Minuto L, Mau RFL, Thompson GD, Shelto AM (2002) Monitoring and characterization of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) resistance to spinosad. J Econ Entomol 95:430\u2013443","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"}],"container-title":["Genetica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T03:24:45Z","timestamp":1748661885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10709-015-9871-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-6707","1573-6857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-6707","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]]}}}