{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T23:47:02Z","timestamp":1776988022611,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,16]],"date-time":"2008-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1200441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glycoconj J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]],"date-time":"2008-01-15T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1200370232000},"page":"459-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Virulence attenuation of a UDP-galactose\/N-acetylglucosamine \u03b21,4 galactosyltransferase expressing Leishmania donovani promastigote"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"S. K.","family":"Bhaumik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bhaumik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Naskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9098_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(99)00165-8","volume":"1473","author":"R. Apweiler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Apweiler, R., Hermjakob, H., Sharon, N.: On the frequency of protein glycosylation, as deduced from analysis of the SWISS-PROT database. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1473, 4\u20138 (1999)","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"9098_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1200-0_21","volume-title":"Gangliosides Structure and Function","author":"S. Basu","year":"1984","unstructured":"Basu, S., Basu, M., Kyle, J.W., Chon, H.C.: Biosynthesis in vitro of gangliosides containing Gg- and Lc-cores. In: Ledeen, R. (ed.) Gangliosides Structure and Function, pp. 249\u2013261. Plenum Press, New York (1984)"},{"key":"9098_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7160","volume":"174","author":"R. Basu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Basu, R., Bhaumik, S., Basu, J.M., Naskar, K., De, T., Roy, S.: Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 DNA vaccination induces complete protection against both pentavalent antimonial-sensitive and -resistant strains of Leishmania donovani that correlates with inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and IL-4 generation: evidence for mixed Th1- and Th2-like responses in visceral leishmaniasis. J. Immunol. 174, 7160\u20137171 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR4","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"M. Basu","year":"1987","unstructured":"Basu, M., De, T., Das, K.K., Kyle, J.W., Chon, H.C., Schaeper, R.J., Basu, S.: Glycosyltransferases involved in glycolipid biosynthesis. In: Ginsburg, V. (ed.) Methods in Enzymology, pp. 575\u2013607. Academic Press, New York (1987)"},{"key":"9098_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2728-2734.2000","volume":"68","author":"M. Belen Carrillo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Belen Carrillo, M., Gao, W., Herrera, M., Alroy, J., Moore, J.B., Beverley, S.M., Pereira, M.A.: Heterologous expression of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase in Leishmania major enhances virulence. Infect. Immun. 68, 2728\u20132734 (2000)","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"9098_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01180-3","volume":"6","author":"S.M. Beverley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beverley, S.M., Turco, S.J.: Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and the identification of virulence genes in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Trends. Microbiol. 6, 35\u201340 (1998)","journal-title":"Trends. Microbiol."},{"key":"9098_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065082","volume":"112","author":"J.M. Blackwell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blackwell, J.M.: Genetic susceptibility to leishmanial infections: studies in mice and man. Parasitology 112, S67\u2013S74 (1996)","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"9098_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8421","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0496266","volume":"126","author":"C.J. Bosques","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bosques, C.J., Tschampel, S.M., Woods, R.J., Imperiali, B.: Effects of glycosylation on peptide conformation: a synergistic experimental and computational study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8421\u20138425 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"9098_CR9","first-page":"130","volume":"30","author":"D. Bradley","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bradley, D.: Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. II. genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to Leishmania donovani infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 30, 130\u2013140 (1977)","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00425.x","volume":"8","author":"O. Brandonisio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brandonisio, O., Panaro, M.A., Marzio, R., Marangi, A., Faliero, S.M., Jirillo, E.: Impairment of the human phagocyte oxidative responses caused Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG): in vitro studies. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 8, 57\u201362 (1994)","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"9098_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.3.587-593.1987","volume":"55","author":"Y. Buchm\u00fcller-Rouiller","year":"1987","unstructured":"Buchm\u00fcller-Rouiller, Y., Mau\u00ebl, J.: Impairment of the oxidative metabolism of mouse peritoneal macrophages by intracellular Leishmania spp. Infect Immun. 55, 587\u2013593 (1987)","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"9098_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14006","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610869200","volume":"282","author":"A.A. Capul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Capul, A.A., Barron, T., Dobson, D.E., Turco, S.J., Beverley, S.M.: Two functionally divergent UDP-Gal nucleotide sugar transporters participate in phosphoglycan synthesis in Leishmania major. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14006\u201314017 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9098_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.5.2975","volume":"14","author":"H. Charest","year":"1994","unstructured":"Charest, H., Matlashewski, G.: Developmental gene expression in Leishmania donovani: differential cloning and analysis of an amastigote-stage-specific gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 2975\u20132984 (1994)","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9098_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.2.1186","volume":"172","author":"M. Colmenares","year":"2004","unstructured":"Colmenares, M., Corbi, A.L., Turco, S.J., Rivas, L.: The dendritic cell receptor DC- SIGN discriminates among species and life cycle forms of Leishmania. J. Immunol. 172, 1186\u20131190 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018554408558","volume":"14","author":"S. Connaris","year":"1997","unstructured":"Connaris, S., Greenwell, P.: Glycosidases in mucin-dwelling protozoans. Glycoconj. J. 14, 879\u2013882 (1997)","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"9098_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01930-5","volume":"22","author":"P.R. Crocker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Crocker, P.R., Varki, A.: Siglecs, sialic acids and innate immunity. Trends Immunol. 22, 337\u2013342 (2001)","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.11.2802-2806.1987","volume":"55","author":"R. Silva Da","year":"1987","unstructured":"Da Silva, R., Sacks, D.L.: Metacyclogenesis is a major determinant of Leishmania promastigotes virulence and attenuation. Infect. Immun. 55, 2802\u20132806 (1987)","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"9098_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2307\/3285699","volume":"85","author":"T. De","year":"1999","unstructured":"De, T., Roy, S.: Infectivity and attenuation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes: association of galactosyl transferase with loss of parasite virulence. J. Parasitol. 85, 54\u201359 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"9098_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00044-9","volume":"17","author":"J.P. Dedet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dedet, J.P., Pratlong, F., Lanotte, G., Ravel, C.: Cutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasite. Clin. Dermatol. 17, 261\u2013268 (1999)","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"9098_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569927","volume":"269","author":"A. Descoteaux","year":"1995","unstructured":"Descoteaux, A., Luo, Y., Turco, S.J., Beverley, S.M.: A specialized pathway affecting virulence glycoconjugates of Leishmania. Science 269, 1869\u20131872 (1995)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9098_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4458","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf447","volume":"21","author":"A. Descoteaux","year":"2002","unstructured":"Descoteaux, A., Avila, H.A., Zhang, K., Turco, S.J., Beverley, S.M.: Leishmania LPG3 encodes a GRP94 homolog required for phosphoglycan synthesis implicated in parasite virulence but not viability. EMBO J. 21, 4458\u20134469 (2002)","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"9098_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200113530","volume":"108","author":"J.D. Esko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Esko, J.D., Lindahl, U.: Molecular diversity of heparan sulfate. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 169\u2013173 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"9098_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwg068","volume":"13","author":"A.J. Fadden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fadden, A.J., Holt, O.J., Drickamer, K.: Molecular characterization of the rat Kupffer cell glycoprotein receptor. Glycobiology 13, 529\u2013537 (2003)","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"9098_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119473","volume":"99","author":"F.C. Fang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fang, F.C.: Perspectives series: host\/pathogen interactions. Mechanisms of nitric oxide-related antimicrobial activity. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 2818\u20132825 (1997)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"9098_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20820","volume":"209","author":"J.L. Fridovich-Keil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fridovich-Keil, J.L.: Galactosemia: the good, the bad, and the unknown. J. Cellular. Physiol. 209, 701\u2013705 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Cellular. Physiol."},{"key":"9098_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8168","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.23.8168-8183.2001","volume":"21","author":"A. Garami","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garami, A., Mehlert, A., Ilg, T.: Glycosylation defects and virulence phenotypes of Leishmania mexicana phosphomannomutase and dolicholphosphate-mannose synthase gene deletion mutants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 8168\u20138183 (2001)","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"9098_CR27","first-page":"264","volume":"10","author":"L. Gradoni","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gradoni, L., Gramiccia, M.: Leishmania infantum tropism: strain genotype or host immune status? Parasitol. Today 10, 264\u2013267 (1994)","journal-title":"Today"},{"key":"9098_CR28","first-page":"21","volume":"1","author":"M. Gramiccia","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gramiccia, M., Gradoni, L., Angelici, M.C.: Epidemiology of Mediterranean leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum: isoenzyme and kDNA analysis for the identification of parasites from man, vectors and reservoirs. NATO-ASI Ser. A Life. Sci. 1, 21\u201337 (1989)","journal-title":"NATO-ASI Ser. A Life. Sci."},{"key":"9098_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.12.4290","volume":"145","author":"S.J. Green","year":"1990","unstructured":"Green, S.J., Crawford, R.M., Hockmeyer, J.T., Meltzer, M.S., Nacy, C.A.: Leishmania major amastigotes initiate the L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism in IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages by induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Imminol. 145, 4290\u20134297 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Imminol."},{"key":"9098_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.37.1.28-33.1982","volume":"37","author":"E. Handman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Handman, E., Hocking, R.E.: Stage-specific, strain-specific, and cross-reactive antigens of Leishmania species identified by monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Imm. 37, 28\u201333 (1982)","journal-title":"Infect. Imm."},{"key":"9098_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073752","volume":"73","author":"A. Helenius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Helenius, A., Aebi, M.: Roles of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 73, 1019\u20131049 (2004)","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"9098_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13509","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13509","volume":"273","author":"T. Ilg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ilg, T., Craik, D., Currie, G., Multhaup, G., Bacic, A.: Stage-specific Proteophosphoglycan from Leishmania mexicana Amastigotes. Structural characterization of novel mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated phosphodiester-linked oligosaccharides. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13509\u201313523 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9098_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00164-9","volume":"78","author":"R.L. Jacobson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacobson, R.L., Schlein, Y.: Phlebotomus papatasi and Leishmania major parasites express alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Acta Trop. 78, 41\u201349 (2001)","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"9098_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(95)00259-8","volume":"131","author":"M. Jim\u00e9nez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, M., Ferrer-Dufol, M., Ca\u00f1avate, C., Guti\u00e9rrez-Solar, B., Molina, R., Laguna, F., L\u00f3pez-V\u00e9lez, R., Cercenado, E., Daud\u00e9n, E., Bl\u00e1zquez, J., de Guevara, C.L., G\u00f3mez, J., de la Torre, J., Barros, C., Alt\u00e9s, J., Serra, T., Alvar, J.: Variability of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum among stocks from immunocompromised, immunocompetent patients and dogs in Spain. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 131, 197\u2013204 (1995)","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"9098_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199816000-00009","volume":"12","author":"J. Kubar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kubar, J., Marty, P., Lelievre, A., Quaranta, J.F., Staccini, P., Caroli-Bosc, C., Le Fichoux, Y.: Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients: primary infection, reactivation and latent infection. Impact of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. AIDS 12, 2147\u20132153 (1998)","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"9098_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1997.4183","volume":"87","author":"J. Li","year":"1997","unstructured":"Li, J., Nolan, T.J., Farrell, J.P.: Leishmania major: a clone with low virulence for BALB\/c mice elicits a Th1 type response and protects against infection with a highly virulent clone. Exp. Parasitol. 87, 47\u201357 (1997)","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"9098_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.12.4306","volume":"145","author":"F.Y. Liew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Liew, F.Y., Li, Y., Millott, S.: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergizes with IFN-gamma in mediating killing of Leishmania major through the induction of nitric oxide. J. Immunol. 145, 4306\u20134310 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR38","first-page":"556","volume":"71","author":"F.Y. Liew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Liew, F.Y., Li, Y., Millott, S.: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in leishmaniasis. II. TNF-alpha-induced macrophage leishmanicidal activity is mediated by nitric oxide from L-arginine. Immunology 71, 556\u2013559 (1990)","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"9098_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18603.x","volume":"186","author":"J.B. Lowe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lowe, J.B.: Glycosylation in the control of selectin counter-receptor structure and function. Immunol. Rev. 186, 19\u201336 (2002)","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"9098_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2003.11783701","volume":"60","author":"N. Mallan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mallan, N., Sengupta, G., Dubey, M.L., Sud, A., Ansari, N.A., Salotra, P.: Antigenaemia and antibody response to Leishmania donovani stage-specific antigens and rk39 antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 60, 210\u2013216 (2003)","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"9098_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2745","volume":"144","author":"T.B. McNeely","year":"1990","unstructured":"McNeely, T.B., Turco, S.J.: Requirement of lipophosphoglycan for intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani within human monocytes. J. Immunol. 144, 2745\u20132750 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99835-2","volume":"241","author":"A.G. Morell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Morell, A.G., Van Den Hamer, C.J.A., Scheinberg, I.H., Ashwell, G.: Physical and chemical studies on ceruloplasmin. IV. Preparation of radioactive, sialic acid-free ceruloplasmin labeled with tritium on terminal D-galactose residues. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 3745\u20133749 (1966)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9098_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80065-9","volume":"14","author":"J.C. Mottram","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mottram, J.C., Brooks, D.R., Combs, G.H.: Roles of cysteine proteinases of trypanosomes and Leishmania in host-parasite interactions. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 14, 455\u2013460 (1998)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"9098_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)90017-2","volume":"84","author":"S. Mukhopadhyay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Sen, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Majumdar, S., Roy, S.: Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccine 84, 291\u2013300 (1999)","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"9098_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.2.233-240.2000","volume":"7","author":"S. Mukhopadhyay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Majhi, R., De, T., Naskar, K., Majumdar, S., Roy, S.: Use of an attenuated leishmanial parasite as an immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic agent against murine visceral leishmaniasis. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 7, 233\u2013240 (2000)","journal-title":"Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.5.973","volume":"157","author":"H.W. Murray","year":"1988","unstructured":"Murray, H.W., Berman, J.D., Wright, S.D.: Immunochemotherapy for intracellular Leishmania donovani infection: gamma interferon plus pentavalent antimony. J. Infect. Dis. 157, 973\u2013978 (1988)","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"9098_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6284","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6284-6293.2002","volume":"70","author":"H.W. Murray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murray, H.W., Lu, C.M., Mauze, S., Freeman, S., Moreira, A.L., Kaplan, G., Coffman, R.L.: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis and IL-10 receptor blockade as immunotherapy. Infect. Immun. 70, 6284\u20136293 (2002)","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"9098_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.1.351","volume":"129","author":"M.W. Murray","year":"1982","unstructured":"Murray, M.W.: Cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. II. Oxygen-dependent killing of intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes. J. Immunol. 129, 351\u2013357 (1982)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.5.992","volume":"161","author":"M.W. Murray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Murray, M.W.: Effect of continuous administration of interferon-gamma in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J. Infect. Dis. 161, 992\u2013994 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"9098_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360069","volume":"4","author":"T. Nader","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nader, T., Vince, J.E., McConville, M.J.: Surface determinants of Leishmania parasites and their role in infectivity in the mammalian host. Curr. Mol. Med. 4, 649\u2013665 (2004)","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"9098_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.323","volume":"172","author":"F. Pratlong","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pratlong, F., Dedet, J.P., Marty, P., Portus, M., Deniau, M., Dereure, J., Abranches, P., Reynes, J., Martini, A., Lefebvre, M., et al.: Leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the Mediterranean basin: isoenzymatic characterization of 100 isolates of the Leishmania infantum complex. J. Infect. Dis. 172, 323\u2013326 (1995)","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"9098_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02232-9","volume":"23","author":"G.A. Rabinovich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rabinovich, G.A., Baum, L.G., Tinari, N., Paganelli, R., Natoli, C., Liu, F.T., Iacobelli, S.: Galectins and their ligands: amplifiers, silencers or tuners of the inflammatory response? Trends Immunol. 23, 313\u2013320 (2002)","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40757","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307660200","volume":"278","author":"J.E. Ralton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ralton, J.E., Naderer, T., Piraino, H.L., Bashtannyk, T.A., Callaghan, J.M., McConville, M.J.: Evidence that intracellular beta1\u20132 mannan is a virulence factor in Leishmania parasites. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40757\u201340763 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9098_CR54","first-page":"355","volume":"20","author":"J.C. Ray","year":"1932","unstructured":"Ray, J.C.: Cultivation of various Leishmania parasites on solid medium. Ind. J. Med. Res. 20, 355\u2013357 (1932)","journal-title":"Ind. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"9098_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.11.3935-3944.1991","volume":"59","author":"T.I. Roach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roach, T.I., Kiderlen, A.F., Blackwell, J.M.: Role of inorganic nitrogen oxides and tumor necrosis factor alpha in killing Leishmania donovani amastigotes in gamma interferon-lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages from Lshs and Lshr congenic mouse strains. Infect. Immun. 59, 3935\u20133944 (1991)","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"9098_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(83)80556-0","volume":"157","author":"P.H. Roos","year":"1983","unstructured":"Roos, P.H., Kolb-Bachofen, V., Schlepper-Sch\u00e4fer, J., Monsigny, M., Stockert, R.J., Kolb, H.: Two galactose-specific receptors in the liver with different function. FEBS Lett. 157, 253\u2013256 (1983)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"9098_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8609","volume":"90","author":"K.A. Ryan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ryan, K.A., Garraway, L.A., Descoteaux, A., Turco, S.J., Beverley, S.M.: Isolation of virulence genes directing surface glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol synthesis by functional complementation of Leishmania. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8609\u20138613 (1993)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9098_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.9.3099","volume":"139","author":"D.L. Sacks","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sacks, D.L., da Silva, R.P.: The generation of infective stage Leishmania major promastigotes is associated with the cell-surface expression and release of a developmentally regulated glycolipid. J. Immunol. 139, 3099\u20133106 (1987)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701528","volume":"223","author":"D.L. Sacks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sacks, D.L., Perkins, P.V.: Identification of an infective stage of Leishmania promastigotes. Science 223, 1417\u20131419 (1984)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9098_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.1.564","volume":"135","author":"D.L. Sacks","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sacks, D.L.: Identification of cell surface carbohydrate and antigenic changes between noninfective and infective developmental stages of Leishmania major promastigotes. J. Immunol. 135, 564\u2013569 (1985)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00134-X","volume":"32","author":"P. Salotra","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salotra, P., Ralhan, R., Sreenivas, G.: Heat-stress induced modulation of protein phosphorylation in virulent promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 32, 309\u2013316 (2000)","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9098_CR62","first-page":"219","volume":"40","author":"E.M. Saraiva","year":"1986","unstructured":"Saraiva, E.M., Andrade, A.F., Pereira, M.E.: Cell surface carbohydrate of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: differences between infective and non-infective forms. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 40, 219\u2013225 (1986)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9098_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812677","volume":"86","author":"M. Segovia","year":"1992","unstructured":"Segovia, M., Artero, J.M., Mellado, E., Chance, M.L.: Effects of long-term in vitro cultivation on the virulence of cloned lines of Leishmania major promastigotes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 86, 347\u2013354 (1992)","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"9098_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4493","volume":"94","author":"A.M. Shakarian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shakarian, A.M., Dwyer, D.M.: Pathogenic leishmania secrete antigenically related chitinases which are encoded by a highly conserved gene locus. Exp. Parasitol. 94, 238\u2013242 (2000)","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"9098_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80004-7","volume":"10","author":"M.U. Shiloh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shiloh, M.U., MacMicking, J.D., Nicholson, S., Brause, J.E., Potter, S., Marino, M., Fang, F., Dinauer, M., Nathan, C.: Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Immunity 10, 29\u201338 (1999)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"9098_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094823","volume":"304","author":"A.E. Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith, A.E., Helenius, A.: How viruses enter animal cells. Science 304, 237\u2013242 (2004)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9098_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160257897","volume":"97","author":"G.F. Spath","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spath, G.F., Epstein, L., Leader, B., Singer, S.M., Avila, H.A., Turco, S.J., Beverley, S.M.: Lipophosphoglycan is a virulence factor distinct from related glycoconjugates in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9258\u20139263 (2000)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9098_CR68","first-page":"80","volume":"45","author":"L.A. Stauber","year":"1958","unstructured":"Stauber, L.A.: Host resistance to the Khartoum strain of Leishmania donovani. Rice Inst. Pamphlets 45, 80\u201383 (1958)","journal-title":"Rice Inst. Pamphlets"},{"key":"9098_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1921","volume":"166","author":"J.A. Streit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Streit, J.A., Recker, T.J., Filho, F.G., Beverley, S.M., Wilson, M.E.: Protective immunity against the protozoan Leishmania chagasi is induced by subclinical cutaneous infection with virulent but not avirulent organisms. J. Immunol. 166, 1921\u20131929 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90113-8","volume":"35","author":"D.L. Tolson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tolson, D.L., Turco, S.J., Beecroft, R.O., Pearson, T.W.: The immunochemical strusture and surface arrangement of Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan determined using monoclonal antibodies. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 35, 109\u2013118 (1989)","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"9098_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324037","volume":"33","author":"D.M. Underhill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Underhill, D.M.: Toll-like receptors: networking for success. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 1767\u20131775 (2003)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"9098_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7299","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9517704","volume":"35","author":"C. Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang, C., Eufemi, M., Turano, C., Giartosio, A.: Influence of the carbohydrate moiety on the stability of glycoproteins. Biochem. 35, 7299\u20137307 (1996)","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"9098_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/375408a0","volume":"375","author":"X.Q. Wei","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wei, X.Q., Charles, I.G., Smith, A., Ure, J., Feng, G.J., Huang, F.P., Xu, D., Muller, W., Moncada, S., Liew, F.Y.: Altered immune responses in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nature 375, 408\u2013411 (1995)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9098_CR74","first-page":"169","volume":"300","author":"P. Weiss","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weiss, P., Ashwell, G.: The asialoglycoprotein receptor: properties and modulation by ligand. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 300, 169\u2013184 (1989)","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"9098_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00641-0","volume":"546","author":"L. Wells","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wells, L., Hart, G.W.: O-GlcNAc turns twenty: functional implications for Posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with a sugar. FEBS Lett. 546, 154\u2013158 (2003)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"9098_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8807","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.16.8807","volume":"94","author":"W.W. Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang, W.W., Matlashewski, G.: Loss of virulence in Leishmania donovani deficient in an amastigote-specific protein, A2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8807\u20138811 (1997)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9098_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42106","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403780200","volume":"279","author":"Z. Zheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Butler, K.D., Tweten, R.K., Mensa-Wilmot, K.: Endosomes, glycosomes, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol catabolism in Leishmania major. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 42106\u201342113 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Glycoconjugate Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T20:56:06Z","timestamp":1684184166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,16]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10719-007-9098-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0282-0080","1573-4986"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0282-0080","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4986","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,16]]}}}