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The current study investigated the effects of metal ions, which occur as trace impurities in the fluids, on the formation of six major \u03b1-dicarbonyl GDPs, namely glucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. The chelation of metal ions by 2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid (DTPA) during sterilization significantly decreased the total GDP content (585\u00a0\u03bcM vs. 672\u00a0\u03bcM), mainly due to\u00a0the decrease of the glucose-oxidation products glucosone (14\u00a0\u03bcM vs. 61\u00a0\u03bcM) and glyoxal (3\u00a0\u03bcM vs. 11\u00a0\u03bcM), but also of methylglyoxal (14\u00a0\u03bcM vs. 31\u00a0\u03bcM). The glucose-dehydration products 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene were not significantly affected by chelation of metal ions. Additionally, PDFs were spiked with eleven different metal ions, which were detected as traces in commercial PDFs, to investigate their influence on GDP formation during heat sterilization. Iron(II), manganese(II), and chromium(III) had the highest impact increasing the formation of glucosone (1.2\u20131.5 fold increase) and glyoxal (1.3\u20131.5 fold increase). Nickel(II) and vanadium(III) further promoted the formation of glyoxal (1.3 fold increase). The increase of the pH value of the PDFs from pH\u00a05.5 to a physiological pH of 7.5 resulted in a decreased formation of total GDPs (672\u00a0\u03bcM vs 637\u00a0\u03bcM). These results indicate that the adjustment of metal ions and the pH value may be a strategy to further decrease the content of GDPs in PDFs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-020-09964-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T03:02:21Z","timestamp":1607310141000},"page":"319-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metal cations promote \u03b1-dicarbonyl formation in glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Gensberger-Reigl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Auditore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Pischetsrieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"9964_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.06.011","volume":"21","author":"M Pischetsrieder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pischetsrieder, M., Gensberger-Reigl, S., Atzenbeck, L., Weigel, I.: Chemistry and clinical relevance of carbohydrate degradation in drugs. 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