{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:56:37Z","timestamp":1793382997889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2237959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2237959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21LM013697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21LM013697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Care Manag Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    During the COVID-19 pandemic, selecting vaccination sites and allocating limited doses required balancing accessibility, disease control, and fairness. We formulate a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that jointly determines the locations of\n                    <jats:italic>mega-sites<\/jats:italic>\n                    and allocates vaccine doses while explicitly incorporating travel inconvenience, disease dynamics, and equitable distribution. The model incorporates commuting patterns from both residential and workplace origins to more accurately capture population mobility, and employs a tractable objective formulation that proxies key public health goals, enabling efficient and equitable mass vaccination planning. Compared with the solution empirically used in Los Angeles County in 2020, we recommend more dispersed\n                    <jats:italic>mega-site<\/jats:italic>\n                    locations that result in a 26% reduction in travel inconvenience and avert an additional 200 infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:53:25Z","timestamp":1783925605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing vaccine site locations while considering travel inconvenience and public health outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8957-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suyanpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sze-Chuan","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged","family":"Dessouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ordonez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9778_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suthar AB, Wang J, Seffren V, Wiegand RE, Griffing S, Zell E (2022) Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the us: observational study. BMJ 377","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069317"},{"key":"9778_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richards F, Kodjamanova P, Chen X, Li N, Atanasov P, Bennetts L, Patterson BJ, Yektashenas B, Mesa-Frias M, Tronczynski K (2022) Economic burden of COVID-19: a systematic review. ClinicoEcon Outcomes Res 293\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CEOR.S338225","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S338225"},{"issue":"7","key":"9778_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0254456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254456","volume":"16","author":"O Alagoz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alagoz O, Sethi AK, Patterson BW, Churpek M, Alhanaee G, Scaria E, Safdar N (2021) The impact of vaccination to control COVID-19 burden in the United States: A simulation modeling approach. PLoS ONE 16(7):0254456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254456","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9778_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang Y-Z, Kuan C-C (2022) Vaccination to reduce severe COVID-19 and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 26(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202203_28248","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202203_28248"},{"issue":"6","key":"9778_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163514552557","volume":"147","author":"J Papastergiou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Papastergiou J, Folkins C, Li W, Zervas J (2014) Community pharmacist-administered influenza immunization improves patient access to vaccination. Canadian Pharma J\/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 147(6):359\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1715163514552557","journal-title":"Canadian Pharma J\/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada"},{"issue":"19","key":"9778_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.079","volume":"36","author":"A Lacombe-Duncan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lacombe-Duncan A, Newman PA, Baiden P (2018) Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability and decision-making among adolescent boys and parents: A meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. Vaccine 36(19):2545\u20132558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.02.079","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"9778_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitzberger FF, Scott KW, Nham W, Mathews K, Schulson L, Fouche S, Berri N, Shehab A, Gupta A, Salhi RA (2022) Identifying strategies to boost COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the United States. RAND Health Quart 9(3)","DOI":"10.7249\/rhq-09-03-12"},{"issue":"3","key":"9778_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00566-1","volume":"22","author":"EJ Haas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haas EJ, McLaughlin JM, Khan F, Angulo FJ, Anis E, Lipsitch M, Singer SR, Mircus G, Brooks N, Smaja M et al (2022) Infections, hospitalisations, and deaths averted via a nationwide vaccination campaign using the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Israel: a retrospective surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis 22(3):357\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00566-1","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9778_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertsimas D, Ivanhoe J, Jacquillat A, Li M, Previero A, Lami OS, Bouardi HT (2020) Optimizing vaccine allocation to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.11.17.20233213","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.17.20233213"},{"issue":"7","key":"9778_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.22181","volume":"71","author":"S Dey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dey S, Kurbanzade AK, Gel ES, Mihaljevic J, Mehrotra S (2024) Optimization modeling for pandemic vaccine supply chain management: A review and future research opportunities. Naval Res Logist (NRL) 71(7):976\u20131016","journal-title":"Naval Res Logist (NRL)"},{"key":"9778_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daskin MS, Dean LK (2004) Location of health care facilities. Oper Res Health Care: Handbook Meth Appl 43\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/1-4020-8066-2_3","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-8066-2_3"},{"key":"9778_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.05.018","volume":"79","author":"A Ahmadi-Javid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmadi-Javid A, Seyedi P, Syam SS (2017) A survey of healthcare facility location. Comput Oper Res 79:23\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2016.05.018","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9778_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601103","volume":"52","author":"V Marianov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marianov V, Taborga P (2001) Optimal location of public health centres which provide free and paid services. J Oper Res Soc 52(4):391\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601103","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"9778_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00fcne\u015f ED, Melo T, Nickel S (2019) Location problems in healthcare. Locat Sci 657\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32177-2_23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32177-2_23"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/07408170500539113","volume":"39","author":"H Jia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jia H, Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez F, Dessouky M (2007) A modeling framework for facility location of medical services for large-scale emergencies. IIE Trans 39(1):41\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07408170500539113","journal-title":"IIE Trans"},{"issue":"9","key":"9778_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602473","volume":"59","author":"F Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silva F, Serra D (2008) Locating emergency services with different priorities: the priority queuing covering location problem. J Oper Res Soc 59(9):1229\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602473","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"9778_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2015.2312","volume":"62","author":"TC Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan TC, Demirtas D, Kwon RH (2016) Optimizing the deployment of public access defibrillators. Manage Sci 62(12):3617\u20133635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.2015.2312","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"9778_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orhc.2016.02.003","volume":"9","author":"J Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim J, Claypool E, Norman BA, Rajgopal J (2016) Coverage models to determine outreach vaccination center locations in low and middle income countries. Oper Res Health Care 9:40\u201348","journal-title":"Oper Res Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"9778_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0119190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119190","volume":"10","author":"G Polo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polo G, Acosta CM, Ferreira F, Dias RA (2015) Location-allocation and accessibility models for improving the spatial planning of public health services. PLoS ONE 10(3):0119190","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"45","key":"9778_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.09.062","volume":"39","author":"V Srivastava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Srivastava V, Ratna M, Ray A, Shukla S, Shrivastava V, Kothari N, Gupta A, Kukreja M, Jandu HS (2021) Strengthening the immunization supply chain: A time-to-supply based approach to cold chain network optimization & extension in madhya pradesh. Vaccine 39(45):6660\u20136670","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.10.004","volume":"126","author":"HO Mete","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mete HO, Zabinsky ZB (2010) Stochastic optimization of medical supply location and distribution in disaster management. Int J Prod Econ 126(1):76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.10.004","journal-title":"Int J Prod Econ"},{"key":"9778_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-014-1758-4","volume":"229","author":"Z-H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Z-H, Li K (2015) A novel probabilistic formulation for locating and sizing emergency medical service stations. Ann Oper Res 229:813\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1758-4","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"9778_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109107","volume":"186","author":"C Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao C, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Liu M (2023) Digital twin-driven robust bi-level optimisation model for covid-19 medical waste location-transport under circular economy. Comput Ind Eng 186:109107","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"9778_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1108\/BIJ-02-2022-0089","volume":"30","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kumar G, Ramane TV, Singh G (2023) Optimal COVID-19 vaccine stations location and allocation strategies. Benchmarking Intern J 30(9):3328\u20133356","journal-title":"Benchmarking Intern J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06587-x","volume":"21","author":"N Leith\u00e4user","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leith\u00e4user N, Schneider J, Johann S, Krumke SO, Schmidt E, Streicher M, Scholz S (2021) Quantifying COVID-19-vaccine location strategies for germany. BMC Health Serv Res 21(1):780","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9778_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.31387\/oscm0490344","volume":"15","author":"L Lusiantoro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lusiantoro L, Mara S, Rifai A (2022) A locational analysis model of the COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Oper Supply Chain Manag Int J 15(2):240\u2013250","journal-title":"Oper Supply Chain Manag Int J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.22112","volume":"71","author":"F Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo F, Mehrotra S (2024) Service center location problems with decision dependent utilities and a pandemic case study. Naval Res Logist (NRL) 71(1):3\u201326","journal-title":"Naval Res Logist (NRL)"},{"key":"9778_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2022.105704","volume":"141","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C, Li Y, Cao J, Wen X (2022) On the mass COVID-19 vaccination scheduling problem. Comput Oper Res 141:105704","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"9778_CR29","first-page":"5484101","volume":"1","author":"I Soria-Arguello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soria-Arguello I, Torres-Escobar R, P\u00e9rez-Vicente HA, Perea-Rivera TG (2021) A proposal mathematical model for the vaccine COVID-19 distribution network: A case study in Mexico. Math Probl Eng 1:5484101","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"9778_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.12.022","volume":"39","author":"M Rastegar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rastegar M, Tavana M, Meraj A, Mina H (2021) An inventory-location optimization model for equitable influenza vaccine distribution in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine 39(3):495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.12.022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"19","key":"9778_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12443","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912443","volume":"19","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Tao R, Downs J (2022) Location optimization of COVID-19 vaccination sites: Case in Hillsborough county, Florida. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(19):12443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191912443","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"9778_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119009","volume":"214","author":"J Valizadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valizadeh J, Boloukifar S, Soltani S, Hookerd EJ, Fouladi F, Rushchtc AA, Du B, Shen J (2023) Designing an optimization model for the vaccine supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Syst Appl 214:119009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119009","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"9778_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.01.180","volume":"8","author":"F Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad F, Iqbal A, Ashraf I, Marzband M et al (2022) Optimal location of electric vehicle charging station and its impact on distribution network: A review. Energy Rep 8:2314\u20132333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.01.180","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"key":"9778_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.11.008","volume":"78","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y, Kockelman KM (2020) Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand, station congestion, and network equilibrium. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 78:102179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2019.11.008","journal-title":"Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ"},{"key":"9778_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103376","volume":"132","author":"M Kchaou-Boujelben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kchaou-Boujelben M (2021) Charging station location problem: A comprehensive review on models and solution approaches. Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol 132:103376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103376","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9778_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/imaman\/13.4.283","volume":"13","author":"T Drezner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Drezner T, Drezner Z (2002) Retail facility location under changing market conditions. IMA J Manag Math 13(4):283\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/imaman\/13.4.283","journal-title":"IMA J Manag Math"},{"issue":"2","key":"9778_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40685-014-0008-6","volume":"7","author":"S M\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller S, Haase K (2014) Customer segmentation in retail facility location planning. Bus Res 7(2):235\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40685-014-0008-6","journal-title":"Bus Res"},{"key":"9778_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106919","volume":"154","author":"S Hirpara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirpara S, Parikh PJ (2021) Retail facility layout considering shopper path. Comput Ind Eng 154:106919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106919","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"9778_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-019-03385-x","volume":"292","author":"D Celik Turkoglu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Celik Turkoglu D, Erol Genevois M (2020) A comparative survey of service facility location problems. Ann Oper Res 292:399\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-019-03385-x","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"9778_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buckner JH, Chowell G, Springborn MR (2020) Optimal dynamic prioritization of scarce COVID-19 vaccines. Medrxiv 2020\u201309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.22.20199174","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.22.20199174"},{"key":"9778_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2020.110422","volume":"505","author":"W Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi W, Shim E (2020) Optimal strategies for vaccination and social distancing in a game-theoretic epidemiologic model. J Theor Biol 505:110422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2020.110422","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9778_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2021.110698","volume":"523","author":"J Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng J, Tang S, Shu H (2021) Joint impacts of media, vaccination and treatment on an epidemic filippov model with application to COVID-19. J Theor Biol 523:110698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2021.110698","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9778_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0236003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236003","volume":"15","author":"Z Mukandavire","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukandavire Z, Nyabadza F, Malunguza NJ, Cuadros DF, Shiri T, Musuka G (2020) Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios. PLoS ONE 15(7):0236003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0236003","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9778_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.075","volume":"103","author":"BH Foy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foy BH, Wahl B, Mehta K, Shet A, Menon GI, Britto C (2021) Comparing COVID-19 vaccine allocation strategies in India: A mathematical modelling study. Int J Infect Dis 103:431\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.075","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"9778_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040591","volume":"10","author":"E Shim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shim E (2021) Optimal allocation of the limited COVID-19 vaccine supply in South Korea. J Clin Med 10(4):591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10040591","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9778_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(96)00139-3","volume":"139","author":"NG Becker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Becker NG, Starczak DN (1997) Optimal vaccination strategies for a community of households. Math Biosci 139(2):117\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0025-5564(96)00139-3","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"9778_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.1060.0229","volume":"36","author":"K Aaby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aaby K, Herrmann JW, Jordan CS, Treadwell M, Wood K (2006) Montgomery county\u2019s public health service uses operations research to plan emergency mass dispensing and vaccination clinics. Interfaces 36(6):569\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/inte.1060.0229","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"key":"9778_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-021-00667-z","volume":"19","author":"CAH Buhat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buhat CAH, Lutero DS, Olave YH, Quindala KM, Recreo MGP, Talabis DAS, Torres MC, Tubay JM, Rabajante JF (2021) Using constrained optimization for the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 19:699\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-021-00667-z","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"9778_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi B, Fadaki M, Kokshagina O, Saeed N, Chhetri P (2020) Modeling vaccine allocations in the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study in Australia. Available at SSRN 3744520","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3744520"},{"key":"9778_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2021.101193","volume":"80","author":"H Anahideh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anahideh H, Kang L, Nezami N (2022) Fair and diverse allocation of scarce resources. Socioecon Plann Sci 80:101193","journal-title":"Socioecon Plann Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"9778_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2022.2110014","volume":"60","author":"B Balcik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balcik B, Yucesoy E, Akca B, Karakaya S, Gevsek AA, Baharmand H, Sgarbossa F (2022) A mathematical model for equitable in-country COVID-19 vaccine allocation. Int J Prod Res 60(24):7502\u20137526","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"9778_CR52","unstructured":"Bandi C, Gao SY, Moorthy R, Tan KB, Teo C-P (2021) Optimal scheduling and policy design of two-dose vaccination rollout. Available at SSRN 3909792"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.22142","volume":"71","author":"J Barth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barth J, Li S, Aprahamian H, Gupta D (2024) Spatiotemporal vaccine allocation policies for epidemics with behavioral feedback dynamics. Naval Res Logist (NRL) 71(1):109\u2013139","journal-title":"Naval Res Logist (NRL)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9778_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2022.1160","volume":"25","author":"A Bennouna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bennouna A, Joseph J, Nze-Ndong D, Perakis G, Singhvi D, Lami OS, Spantidakis Y, Thayaparan L, Tsiourvas A (2023) COVID-19: Prediction, prevalence, and the operations of vaccine allocation. Manuf Service Oper Manag 25(3):1013\u20131032","journal-title":"Manuf Service Oper Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"9778_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.11.025","volume":"283","author":"S Enayati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Enayati S, \u00d6zalt\u0131n OY (2020) Optimal influenza vaccine distribution with equity. Eur J Oper Res 283(2):714\u2013725","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"9778_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu M, Zhang C, Zhou Y (2023) First or second doses first? vaccine allocation under limited supply","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4411818"},{"issue":"8","key":"9778_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0182720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182720","volume":"12","author":"H-C Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang H-C, Singh B, Morton DP, Johnson GP, Clements B, Meyers LA (2017) Equalizing access to pandemic influenza vaccines through optimal allocation to public health distribution points. PLoS ONE 12(8):0182720","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9778_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102886","volume":"70","author":"M Jadidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jadidi M, Jamshidiha S, Masroori I, Moslemi P, Mohammadi A, Pourahmadi V (2021) A two-step vaccination technique to limit covid-19 spread using mobile data. Sustain Cities Soc 70:102886","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"9778_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108031","volume":"167","author":"P Jarumaneeroj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jarumaneeroj P, Dusadeerungsikul PO, Chotivanich T, Nopsopon T, Pongpirul K (2022) An epidemiology-based model for the operational allocation of covid-19 vaccines: A case study of thailand. Comput Indust Eng 167:108031","journal-title":"Comput Indust Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.22134","volume":"71","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Aprahamian H (2024) Quantifying the benefits of customized vaccination strategies: A network-based optimization approach. Naval Res Logist (NRL) 71(1):64\u201386","journal-title":"Naval Res Logist (NRL)"},{"key":"9778_CR61","unstructured":"Minoza JMA, Bongolan VP, Rayo JF (2021) COVID-19 agent-based model with multi-objective optimization for vaccine distribution. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.11400"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41660-020-00141-8","volume":"5","author":"AC Mungu\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mungu\u00eda-L\u00f3pez AC, Ponce-Ortega JM (2021) Fair allocation of potential COVID-19 vaccines using an optimization-based strategy. Process Integr Optim Sustain 5(1):3\u201312","journal-title":"Process Integr Optim Sustain"},{"key":"9778_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2023.102898","volume":"120","author":"IS Orgut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orgut IS, Freeman N, Lewis D, Parton J (2023) Equitable and effective vaccine access considering vaccine hesitancy and capacity constraints. Omega 120:102898","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"9778_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2021.108621","volume":"337","author":"IJ Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rao IJ, Brandeau ML (2021) Optimal allocation of limited vaccine to control an infectious disease: Simple analytical conditions. Math Biosci 337:108621","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"9778_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15110","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3053268","volume":"9","author":"S Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roy S, Dutta R, Ghosh P (2021) Optimal time-varying vaccine allocation amid pandemics with uncertain immunity ratios. IEEE Access 9:15110\u201315121","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"9778_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.12.049","volume":"40","author":"S Shukla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shukla S, Fressin F, Un M, Coetzer H, Chaguturu SK (2022) Optimizing vaccine distribution via mobile clinics: A case study on COVID-19 vaccine distribution to long-term care facilities. Vaccine 40(5):734\u2013741","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.11.007","volume":"304","author":"L Thul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thul L, Powell W (2023) Stochastic optimization for vaccine and testing kit allocation for the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Oper Res 304(1):325\u2013338","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2060522","volume":"54","author":"T Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang T, Deng W, Liu Y, Deng J (2022) Comparison of health-oriented cross-regional allocation strategies for the COVID-19 vaccine: A mathematical modelling study. Ann Med 54(1):941\u2013952","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.08.027","volume":"233","author":"H Yarmand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yarmand H, Ivy JS, Denton B, Lloyd AL (2014) Optimal two-phase vaccine allocation to geographically different regions under uncertainty. Eur J Oper Res 233(1):208\u2013219","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"9778_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-012-9199-6","volume":"15","author":"OM Araz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Araz OM, Galvani A, Meyers LA (2012) Geographic prioritization of distributing pandemic influenza vaccines. Health Care Manag Sci 15:175\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10729-012-9199-6","journal-title":"Health Care Manag Sci"},{"issue":"40","key":"9778_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj2099","volume":"7","author":"E Wrigley-Field","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wrigley-Field E, Kiang MV, Riley AR, Barbieri M, Chen Y-H, Duchowny KA, Matthay EC, Van Riper D, Jegathesan K, Bibbins-Domingo K et al (2021) Geographically targeted COVID-19 vaccination is more equitable and averts more deaths than age-based thresholds alone. Sci Adv 7(40):2099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abj2099","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036462","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36462","volume":"4","author":"M Karmakar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karmakar M, Lantz PM, Tipirneni R (2021) Association of social and demographic factors with COVID-19 incidence and death rates in the US. JAMA Netw Open 4(1):2036462\u20132036462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36462","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"9778_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2020.1798037","volume":"53","author":"B Wilder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilder B, Suen S, Tambe M (2020) Allocating outreach resources for disease control in a dynamic population with information spread. IISE Transactions 53(6):629\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24725854.2020.1798037","journal-title":"IISE Transactions"},{"issue":"6352","key":"9778_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe6959","volume":"371","author":"KM Bubar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bubar KM, Reinholt K, Kissler SM, Lipsitch M, Cobey S, Grad YH, Larremore DB (2021) Model-informed COVID-19 vaccine prioritization strategies by age and serostatus. Science 371(6352):916\u2013921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abe6959","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"9778_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084240","volume":"18","author":"Y Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi Y, Kim JS, Kim JE, Choi H, Lee CH (2021) Vaccination prioritization strategies for COVID-19 in Korea: a mathematical modeling approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(8):4240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18084240","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9778_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01458-9","volume":"21","author":"H Tatapudi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tatapudi H, Das R, Das TK (2021) Impact of vaccine prioritization strategies on mitigating COVID-19: an agent-based simulation study using an urban region in the United States. BMC Med Res Methodol 21(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-021-01458-9","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9778_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.2015.0814","volume":"45","author":"EK Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee EK, Yuan F, Pietz FH, Benecke BA, Burel G (2015) Vaccine prioritization for effective pandemic response. Interfaces 45(5):425\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/inte.2015.0814","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"issue":"5","key":"9778_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050506","volume":"9","author":"EK Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee EK, Li ZL, Liu YK, LeDuc J (2021) Strategies for vaccine prioritization and mass dispensing. Vaccines 9(5):506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9050506","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"7840","key":"9778_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2923-3","volume":"589","author":"S Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang S, Pierson E, Koh PW, Gerardin J, Redbird B, Grusky D, Leskovec J (2021) Mobility network models of COVID-19 explain inequities and inform reopening. Nature 589(7840):82\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2923-3","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"174","key":"9778_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200657","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2020.0657","volume":"18","author":"C Zachreson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zachreson C, Mitchell L, Lydeamore MJ, Rebuli N, Tomko M, Geard N (2021) Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks in Australia using mobility data. J R Soc Interface 18(174):20200657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2020.0657","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"11","key":"9778_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30553-3","volume":"20","author":"HS Badr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badr HS, Du H, Marshall M, Dong E, Squire MM, Gardner LM (2020) Association between mobility patterns and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis 20(11):1247\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30553-3","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"9778_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0136753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136753","volume":"10","author":"RE Guevara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guevara RE, Motala T, Terashita D (2015) The changing epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, 1973\u20132011. PLoS ONE 10(8):0136753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136753","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9778_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weiss HH (2013) The SIR model and the foundations of public health. Materials Matematics 0001\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/oalib.1107618","DOI":"10.4236\/oalib.1107618"},{"key":"9778_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110057","volume":"139","author":"I Cooper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cooper I, Mondal A, Antonopoulos CG (2020) A SIR model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in different communities. Chaos Solit Fract 139:110057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110057","journal-title":"Chaos Solit Fract"},{"issue":"2","key":"9778_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12402","volume":"88","author":"L Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang L, Zhou Y, Wang L, Purkayastha S, Zhang L, He J, Wang F, Song PX-K (2020) A review of multi-compartment infectious disease models. Int Stat Rev 88(2):462\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/insr.12402","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"9778_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150128","DOI":"10.1142\/S012918312150128X","volume":"32","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chowdhury S, Roychowdhury S, Chaudhuri I (2021) Universality and herd immunity threshold: Revisiting the SIR model for COVID-19. Int J Mod Phys C 32(10):2150128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S012918312150128X","journal-title":"Int J Mod Phys C"},{"key":"9778_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fine P, Eames K, Heymann DL (2011) \u201dherd immunity\u201d: a rough guide. Clin Infect Dis 52(7):911\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir007","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir007"},{"key":"9778_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aguas R, Corder RM, King JG, Gon\u00e7alves G, Ferreira MU, Gomes MGM (2020) Herd immunity thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 estimated from unfolding epidemics. MedRxiv 2020\u201307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.23.20160762","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.23.20160762"},{"issue":"5772","key":"9778_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125237","volume":"312","author":"C Viboud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viboud C, Bj\u00f8rnstad ON, Smith DL, Simonsen L, Miller MA, Grenfell BT (2006) Synchrony, waves, and spatial hierarchies in the spread of influenza. Science 312(5772):447\u2013451","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9778_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen J, Hoops S, Marathe A, Mortveit H, Lewis B, Venkatramanan S, Haddadan A, Bhattacharya P, Adiga A, Vullikanti A et al (2021) Prioritizing allocation of COVID-19 vaccines based on social contacts increases vaccination effectiveness. MedRxiv 2021\u201302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.02.04.21251012","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.04.21251012"},{"issue":"9","key":"9778_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27095","volume":"93","author":"AT Aborode","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aborode AT, Olofinsao OA, Osmond E, Batubo AP, Fayemiro O, Sherifdeen O, Muraina L, Obadawo BS, Ahmad S, Fajemisin EA (2021) Equal access of COVID-19 vaccine distribution in Africa: Challenges and way forward. J Med Virol 93(9):5212\u20135215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27095","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"24","key":"9778_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6641","volume":"323","author":"TJ Bollyky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bollyky TJ, Gostin LO, Hamburg MA (2020) The equitable distribution of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines. JAMA 323(24):2462\u20132463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.6641","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9778_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.06.004","volume":"428","author":"S Suen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suen S, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Brandeau ML (2017) Risk stratification in compartmental epidemic models: Where to draw the line? J Theor Biol 428:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.06.004","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9778_CR94","unstructured":"City of Los Angeles Public Health (2023) LA County COVID-19 Data. Availible at http:\/\/publichealth.lacounty.gov\/media\/Coronavirus\/data\/. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR95","unstructured":"Wolak F (2022) COVID-19 Vaccination Mega Sites. Availible at https:\/\/www.filipwolak.com\/aerial-photography\/covid-vaccination-mega-sites\/. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR96","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health (2024) California\u2019s Vaccine Appointment Site. Availible at https:\/\/myturn.ca.gov\/. Accessed 4 Jan 2024"},{"key":"9778_CR97","unstructured":"Ostrov B (2021) Educators, food workers join California\u2019s priority list for vaccines. Availible at https:\/\/calmatters.org\/health\/coronavirus\/2021\/01\/teachers-food-workers-california-priority-vaccines\/. Accessed 4 Jan 2024"},{"key":"9778_CR98","unstructured":"Caltrans (2023) PeMS Data Source Performance Measurement System (PeMS) Data Source. Availible at https:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/programs\/traffic-operations\/mpr\/pems-source. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR99","unstructured":"Open Route Service (2022) Open Route Service. Availible at https:\/\/openrouteservice.org\/. Accessed October 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR100","unstructured":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (2023) Los Angeles County Health Survey. Availible at http:\/\/publichealth.lacounty.gov\/ha\/hasurveyintro.html. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR101","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau (2022) Commuting by Workers Los Angeles County. Availible at https:\/\/www.laalmanac.com\/employment\/em22.php. Accessed 30 Oct 2023"},{"key":"9778_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.09.002","volume":"96","author":"W Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma W, Qian ZS (2018) Estimating multi-year 24\/7 origin-destination demand using high-granular multi-source traffic data. Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol 96:96\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2018.09.002","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"9778_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu H, Zhang S, Suen S-c, Dessouky M, Ordonez F (2024) Extending dynamic origin-destination estimation to understand traffic patterns during COVID-19. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.10308, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2401.10308","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.10308"},{"issue":"11","key":"9778_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0242476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242476","volume":"15","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Miller HJ, Scheff J (2020) The impacts of covid-19 pandemic on public transit demand in the united states. PLoS ONE 15(11):0242476","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"9778_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2021.1952324","volume":"14","author":"T Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu T, Wang S, She B, Zhang M, Huang X, Cui Y, Khuri J, Hu Y, Fu X, Wang X et al (2021) Human mobility data in the COVID-19 pandemic: characteristics, applications, and challenges. Int J Digital Earth 14(9):1126\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17538947.2021.1952324","journal-title":"Int J Digital Earth"},{"key":"9778_CR106","unstructured":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (2024) COVID-19 VACCINE. Availible at http:\/\/publichealth.lacounty.gov\/media\/coronavirus\/vaccine\/vaccine-dashboard.html. Accessed 4 Jan 2024"},{"key":"9778_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.05.015","volume":"113","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang F, Chen C, Reed DD (2020) Personalized incentives for promoting sustainable travel behaviors. Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol 113:314\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2019.05.015","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"9778_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2023.104153","volume":"152","author":"A Ghafelebashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghafelebashi A, Razaviyayn M, Dessouky M (2023) Congestion reduction via personalized incentives. Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol 152:104153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2023.104153","journal-title":"Transport Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9778_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.01.006","volume":"31","author":"B Ashby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashby B, Best A (2021) Herd immunity. Curr Biol 31(4):174\u2013177","journal-title":"Curr Biol"}],"container-title":["Health Care Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:57:39Z","timestamp":1790845059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10729-026-09778-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-9620","1572-9389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-9620","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9389","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"30"}}