{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:17:47Z","timestamp":1792783067103,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund","award":["04152786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04152786"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Obstetrical and Gynecological Trust Fund","award":["Year 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Year 2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Hist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T01:02:39Z","timestamp":1598576559000},"page":"593-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The use of multiplex staining to measure the density and clustering of four endometrial immune cells around the implantation period in women with recurrent miscarriage: comparison with fertile controls"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loucia K. Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Pui-Wah","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin-Chiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"9908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2572","volume":"178","author":"L Arruvito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arruvito L, Sanz M, Banham AH, Fainboim L (2007) Expansion of CD4 + CD25 + and FOXP3 + regulatory T cells during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: implications for human reproduction. J Immunol 178:2572\u20132578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2572","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00661.x","volume":"61","author":"S Basu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Basu S, Eriksson M, Pioli PA et al (2009) Human uterine NK cells interact with uterine macrophages via NKG2D upon stimulation with PAMPs. Am J Reprod Immunol 61:52\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00661.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den393","volume":"24","author":"M Berbic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berbic M, Schulke L, Markham R et al (2009) Macrophage expression in endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. Hum Reprod 24:325\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/den393","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.09.001","volume":"112","author":"S Biswas Shivhare","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biswas Shivhare S, Bulmer JN, Innes BA et al (2015) Menstrual cycle distribution of uterine natural killer cells is altered in heavy menstrual bleeding. J Reprod Immunol 112:88\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2015.09.001","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.07.035","volume":"42","author":"JN Bulmer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bulmer JN, Lash GE (2005) Human uterine natural killer cells: a reappraisal. Mol Immunol 42:511\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.07.035","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137430","volume":"6","author":"JN Bulmer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bulmer JN, Morrison L, Longfellow M et al (1991) Granulated lymphocytes in human endometrium: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Hum Reprod 6:791\u2013798","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gco.0000194112.86051.26","volume":"17","author":"B Carrington","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carrington B, Sacks G, Regan L (2005) Recurrent miscarriage: pathophysiology and outcome. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 17:591\u2013597","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9908_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15095","volume":"8","author":"JL Carstens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carstens JL, De Sampaio PC, Yang D et al (2017) Spatial computation of intratumoral T cells correlates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 8:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15095","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9908_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.02.032","volume":"105","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Jiang L, Wang CC et al (2016) Hypoxia inducible factor and microvessels in peri-implantation endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 105:1496\u20131502.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.02.032","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12693","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12693","volume":"78","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen X, Man GCW, Liu Y et al (2017) Physiological and pathological angiogenesis in endometrium at the time of embryo implantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 78:e12693","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.09.010","volume":"217","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen X, Mariee N, Jiang L et al (2017) Measurement of uterine natural killer cell percentage in the periimplantation endometrium from fertile women and women with recurrent reproductive failure: establishment of a reference range. Am J Obstet Gynecol 217:680.e1\u2013680.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.09.010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"9908_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.02052.x","volume":"45","author":"B Disep","year":"2004","unstructured":"Disep B, Innes BA, Cochrane HR et al (2004) Immunohistochemical characterization of endometrial leucocytes in endometritis. Histopathology 45:625\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.02052.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"9908_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.03.001","volume":"56","author":"MM Faas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faas MM, de Vos P (2017) Uterine NK cells and macrophages in pregnancy. Placenta 56:44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.03.001","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"9908_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430405.x","volume":"43","author":"L Flynn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Flynn L, Byrne B, Carton J et al (2000) Menstrual cycle dependent fluctuations in NK and T-lymphocyte subsets from non-pregnant human endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 43:209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430405.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baddeley A, Rubak E, Turner R (2015) Spatial point patterns - methodology and applications with R. CRC Press, Boca Raton.\u00a0https:\/\/www.crcpress.com\/Spatial-Point-Patterns-Methodology-and-Applications-with-R\/Baddeley-Rubak-Turner\/9781482210200","DOI":"10.1201\/b19708"},{"key":"9908_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00311.x","volume":"38","author":"AL Givan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Givan AL, White HD, Stern JE et al (1997) Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes in the human female reproductive tract: comparison of fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Am J Reprod Immunol 38:350\u2013359","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1155\/1998\/87527","volume":"6","author":"JS Hunt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hunt JS, Miller L, Platt JS (1998) Hormonal regulation of uterine macrophages. Dev Immunol 6:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1998\/87527","journal-title":"Dev Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal032","volume":"12","author":"MJ Jasper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jasper MJ, Tremellen KP, Robertson SA (2006) Primary unexplained infertility is associated with reduced expression of the T-regulatory cell transcription factor Foxp3 in endometrial tissue. Mol Hum Reprod 12:301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gal032","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del150","volume":"21","author":"E Jauniaux","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jauniaux E, Farquharson RG, Christiansen OB et al (2006) Evidence-based guidelines for the investigation and medical treatment of recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 21:2216\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/del150","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"9908_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_2.26","volume":"14","author":"PM Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson PM, Christmas SE, Vince GS (1999) Immunological aspects of implantation and implantation failure. Hum Reprod 14(Suppl 2):26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_2.26","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei234","volume":"20","author":"R Kats","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kats R, Al-Akoum M, Guay S et al (2005) Cycle-dependent expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the human endometrium. Hum Reprod 20:3518\u20133525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dei234","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2005.76-04","volume":"156","author":"M-H Lachapelle","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lachapelle M-H, Miron P, Hemmings R, Roy DC (1996) Endometrial T, B, and NK Cells in Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. J Immunol 156:4027\u20134034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jaba.2005.76-04","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.04.290","volume":"116","author":"GE Lash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lash GE, Bulmer JN, Li TC et al (2016) Standardisation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cell measurements in the endometrium of women with recurrent reproductive failure. J Reprod Immunol 116:50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jri.2016.04.290","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.12.022","volume":"31","author":"GE Lash","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lash GE, Robson SC, Bulmer JN (2010) Review: functional role of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in human early pregnancy decidua. Placenta 31:S87\u2013S92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.12.022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"9908_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(05)80069-0","volume":"5","author":"RG Lea","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lea RG, Clark DA (1991) Macrophages and migratory cells in endometrium relevant to implantation. Baillieres Clin Obs Gynaecol 5(1):25\u201359","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Obs Gynaecol"},{"key":"9908_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60008-0","volume":"50","author":"T-C Li","year":"1988","unstructured":"Li T-C, Rogers AW, Dockery P et al (1988) A new method of histologic dating of human endometrium in the luteal phase. Fertil Steril 50:52\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60008-0","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.07.010","author":"B Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu B, Mariee N, Laird S et al (2014) The prognostic value of uNK cell count and histological dating in the mid-luteal phase of women with reproductive failure. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.07.010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"9908_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022","volume":"109","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Y, Phil M, Chen X et al (2018) Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil Steril 109:832\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.1869","volume":"181","author":"I Manaster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manaster I, Mizrahi S, Goldman-Wohl D et al (2008) Endometrial NK cells are special immature cells that await pregnancy. J Immunol 181:1869\u20131876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.1869","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01427-8","volume":"36","author":"K Marron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marron K, Harrity C (2019) Endometrial lymphocyte concentrations in adverse reproductive outcome populations. J Assist Reprod Genet 36:837\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-019-01427-8","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"9908_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198809000-00003","volume":"7","author":"RJ Marshall","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marshall RJ, Jones DB (1988) An immunohistochemical study of lymphoid tissue in human endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 7:225\u2013235","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"9908_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.11.020","volume":"94","author":"S Mei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mei S, Tan J, Chen H et al (2010) Changes of CD4+CD25highregulatory T cells and FOXP3 expression in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients. Fertil Steril 94:2244\u20132247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.11.020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5026","volume":"244","author":"A Mezheyeuski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mezheyeuski A, Bergsland CH, Backman M et al (2018) Multispectral imaging for quantitative and compartment-specific immune infiltrates reveals distinct immune profiles that classify lung cancer patients. J Pathol 244:421\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.5026","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"9908_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2002.01048.x","volume":"47","author":"T Michimata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michimata T, Ogasawara MS, Tsuda H et al (2002) Distributions of endometrial NK cells, B cells, T cells, and Th2\/Tc2 cells fail to predict pregnancy outcome following recurrent abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 47:196\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2002.01048.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nri886","volume":"2","author":"A Moffett-King","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moffett-King A (2002) Natural killer cells and pregnancy. Nat Rev Immunol 2:656\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri886","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev098","volume":"30","author":"A Moffett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moffett A, Shreeve N (2015) First do no harm: uterine natural killer (NK) cells in assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 30:1519\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dev098","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13142","volume":"82","author":"K Nakagawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakagawa K, Kwak-Kim J, Hisano M et al (2019) Obstetric and perinatal outcome of the women with repeated implantation failures or recurrent pregnancy losses who received pre- and post-conception tacrolimus treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol 82:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.13142","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-052977","volume":"109","author":"S Nedvetzki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nedvetzki S, Sowinski S, Eagle RA et al (2007) Reciprocal regulation of human natural killer cells and macrophages associated with distinct immune synapses. Blood 109:3776\u20133785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2006-10-052977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9908_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)30062-0","volume":"1","author":"RW Noyes","year":"1950","unstructured":"Noyes RW, Hertig AT, Rock J (1950) Dating the endometrial biopsy. Fertil Steril 1:3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)30062-0","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.029","volume":"102","author":"KM Nyborg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nyborg KM, Kolte AM, Larsen EC, Christiansen OB (2014) Immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and prednisone in patients with recurrent miscarriage and implantation failure after in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 102:1650\u20131655.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.029","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0368-0","volume":"6","author":"ER Parra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parra ER, Villalobos P, Behrens C et al (2018) Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung carcinomas as determined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis approaches. J Immunother Cancer 6:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40425-018-0368-0","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"9908_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.9.2386","volume":"14","author":"S Quenby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Quenby S, Bates M, Doig T et al (1999) Pre-implantation endometrial leukocytes in women with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 14:2386\u20132391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/14.9.2386","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.012","volume":"84","author":"S Quenby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quenby S, Kalumbi C, Bates M et al (2005) Prednisolone reduces preconceptual endometrial natural killer cells in women with recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 84:980\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"9908_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den348","volume":"24","author":"S Quenby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quenby S, Nik H, Innes B et al (2009) Uterine natural killer cells and angiogenesis in recurrent reproductive failure. Hum Reprod 24:45\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/den348","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00021.x","volume":"49","author":"R Ramhorst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramhorst R, Garc\u00eda V, Agriello E et al (2003) Intracellular expression of CD69 in endometrial and peripheral T cells represents a useful marker in women with recurrent miscarriage: modulation after allogeneic leukocyte immunotherapy. Am J Reprod Immunol 49:149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00021.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15095","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15095","volume":"8","author":"A Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao A, Kalluri R, Barua S et al (2017) Spatial computation of intratumoral T cells correlates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 8:15095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15095","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9908_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/08820130802191375","volume":"37","author":"SJ Renaud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renaud SJ, Graham CH (2008) The role of macrophages in utero-placental interactions during normal and pathological pregnancy. Immunol Invest 37:535\u2013564","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"9908_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/3212829","volume":"266","author":"BD Ripley","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ripley BD (1976) The second-order analysis of stationary point processes. J Appl Prob 266:255\u2013266","journal-title":"J Appl Prob"},{"key":"9908_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-210310","volume":"26","author":"A Robson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robson A, Harris LK, Innes BA et al (2012) Uterine natural killer cells initiate spiral artery remodeling in human pregnancy. FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 26:4876\u20134885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.12-210310","journal-title":"FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"key":"9908_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107834","author":"Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) (2011) The investigation and treatment of couples with recurrent first-trimester and second-trimester miscarriage. R Coll Obstet Gynaecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2230-8210.107834","journal-title":"R Coll Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"9908_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34944-8_4","volume-title":"Immunology of pregnancy","author":"S Saito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saito S, Miyazaki S, Sasaki Y (2006) Th1\/Th2 balance of the implantation site in humans BT. In: Mor G (ed) Immunology of pregnancy. Springer, New York, pp 37\u201348"},{"key":"9908_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00011-6","volume":"57","author":"LA Salamonsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salamonsen LA, Zhang J, Brasted M (2002) Leukocyte networks and human endometrial remodelling. J Reprod Immunol 57:95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00011-6","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00059.x","volume":"50","author":"S Shimada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimada S, Iwabuchi K, Kato EH et al (2003) No difference in natural-killer-T cell population, but Th2\/Tc2 predominance in peripheral blood of recurrent aborters. Am J Reprod Immunol 50:334\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0897.2003.00059.x","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080995","volume":"174","author":"SD Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith SD, Dunk CE, Aplin JD et al (2009) Evidence for immune cell involvement in decidual spiral arteriole remodeling in early human pregnancy. Am J Pathol 174:1959\u20131971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9908_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq179","volume":"25","author":"MD Stephenson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephenson MD, Kutteh WH, Purkiss S et al (2010) Intravenous immunoglobulin and idiopathic secondary recurrent miscarriage: a multicentered randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hum Reprod 25:2203\u20132209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deq179","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92159-F","volume":"336","author":"GM Stirrat","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stirrat GM (1990) Recurrent miscarriage I: definition and epidemiology. Lancet 336:673\u2013675","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9908_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der164","volume":"26","author":"AW Tang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tang AW, Alfirevic Z, Quenby S (2011) Natural killer cells and pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage and infertility: a systematic review. Hum Reprod 26:1971\u20131980","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det117","volume":"28","author":"AW Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang AW, Alfirevic Z, Turner MA et al (2013) A feasibility trial of screening women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage for high uterine natural killer cell density and randomizing to prednisolone or placebo when pregnant. Hum Reprod 28:1743\u20131752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det117","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem141","volume":"22","author":"E Tuckerman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tuckerman E, Laird SM, Prakash A, Li TC (2007) Prognostic value of the measurement of uterine natural killer cells in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 22:2208\u20132213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dem141","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"9908_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0708395","volume":"85","author":"MSM Van Mourik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Mourik MSM, Macklon NS, Heijnen CJ (2009) Embryonic implantation: cytokines, adhesion molecules, and immune cells in establishing an implantation environment. J Leukoc Biol 85:4\u201319","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"9908_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1582","volume":"9","author":"E Vivier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vivier E, Tomasello E, Baratin M et al (2008) Functions of natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 9:503\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni1582","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"9908_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1378936","volume":"63","author":"Y Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan Y, Bao S, Sheng S et al (2017) Insulin resistance in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with lymphocyte population aberration. Syst Biol Reprod Med 63:397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19396368.2017.1378936","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"9908_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0342","author":"HL Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang HL, Zhou WJ, Chang KK et al (2017) The crosstalk between endometrial stromal cells and macrophages impairs cytotoxicity of NK cells in endometriosis by secreting IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2. Reproduction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-17-0342","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"9908_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.12.023","volume":"161","author":"Y Yin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yin Y, Han X, Shi Q et al (2012) Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells for prevention and treatment of spontaneous abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 161:177\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.12.023","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Histology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1630092271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09908-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-2379","1567-2387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-2379","type":"print"},{"value":"1567-2387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approvals from Joint Chinses University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee was obtained for this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the endometrial biopsies were collected with the informed consent of the participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}