{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:50:24Z","timestamp":1790502624547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":211,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Hist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T13:02:36Z","timestamp":1601816556000},"page":"613-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":384,"title":["COVID-19 and multiorgan failure: A narrative review on potential mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Tahmineh","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atousa","family":"Yarahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghomareza","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9915_CR1","first-page":"515","volume":"58","author":"M Abbate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbate M, Rottoli D, Gianatti A (2020) COVID-19 attacks the kidney: ultrastructural evidence for the presence of virus in the glomerular epithelium. Nephron Clin Pract 58:515\u2013523","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"9915_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","volume":"383","author":"M Ackermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ackermann M et al (2020) Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19 N. Engl J Med 383:120\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"9915_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051296","volume":"168","author":"DH Adams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adams DH, Hubscher SG (2006) Systemic viral infections and collateral damage in the liver. Am J Pathol 168:1057\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051296","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-020-01328-2","author":"M Aggarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aggarwal M, Dass J, Mahapatra M (2020) Hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19: an update. Indian J Hematol Blood Transf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12288-020-01328-2","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transf"},{"key":"9915_CR5","unstructured":"Alberici F et al (2020) Management Of patients on dialysis and with kidney transplant during SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic In Brescia, Italy Kidney International Reports"},{"key":"9915_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502683","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3502683","volume":"2016","author":"H Algahtani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Algahtani H, Subahi A, Shirah B (2016) Neurological complications of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of two cases and review of the literature case. Rep Neurol Med 2016:3502683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3502683","journal-title":"Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"9915_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2016.78","volume":"36","author":"T Alhogbani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alhogbani T (2016) Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Saudi Med 36:78\u201380","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"9915_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13379","volume":"72","author":"KO Alsaad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alsaad KO et al (2018) Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection\u2013clinicopathological and ultrastructural study. Histopathology 72:516\u2013524","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"9915_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9","volume":"26","author":"KG Andersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF (2020) The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 26:450","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9915_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077","author":"A Avula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avula A et al (2020) COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"9915_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0125-y","volume":"16","author":"JM Banales","year":"2019","unstructured":"Banales JM, Huebert RC, Karlsen T, Strazzabosco M, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ (2019) Cholangiocyte pathobiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:269\u2013281","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30084-4","volume":"5","author":"MN Bangash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D (2020) COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:529\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30084-4","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062","volume":"153","author":"LM Barton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barton LM, Duval EJ, Stroberg E, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S (2020) COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA . Am J Clin Pathol 153:725\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(20)30195-x","author":"D Baud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G (2020) Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. Lancet Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(20)30195-x","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02134-3","volume":"50","author":"RC Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker RC (2020) COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 50:54\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11239-020-02134-3","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"9915_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00423","author":"C Benedetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benedetti C, Waldman M, Zaza G, Riella LV, Cravedi P (2020) COVID-19 and the kidneys: an update. Front Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00423","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"9915_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2018.15","volume":"14","author":"KE Bernstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bernstein KE, Khan Z, Giani JF, Cao DY, Bernstein EA, Shen XZ (2018) Angiotensin-converting enzyme in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Nephrol 14:325\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2018.15","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"9915_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0392TR","volume":"46","author":"M Bhatia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhatia M, Zemans RL, Jeyaseelan S (2012) Role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 46:566\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0392TR","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"9915_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201908","author":"R Bhayana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhayana R et al (2020) Abdominal imaging findings in COVID-19: preliminary observations. Radiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201908","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9915_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01","DOI":"10.34172\/npj.2021.01","volume":"10","author":"EK Boroujeni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boroujeni EK, Kellner SJ, Pezeshgi A (2021) Covid-19 and kidney; a mini-review on current concepts and new data. J Nephropharmacol 10:e01","journal-title":"J Nephropharmacol"},{"key":"9915_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31305-2","author":"BT Bradley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bradley BT et al (2020) Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31305-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9915_CR23","unstructured":"Burchfield J (2020) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system: double-edged sword in COVID-19 infection"},{"key":"9915_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12101","volume":"7","author":"TK Cabe\u00e7a","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cabe\u00e7a TK, Granato C, Bellei N (2013) Epidemiological and clinical features of human coronavirus infections among different subsets of patients. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 7:1040\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12101","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"9915_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1090","volume":"8","author":"JW Cals","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cals JW, Schot MJ, de Jong SA, Dinant G-J, Hopstaken RM (2010) Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing and antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Family Med 8:124\u2013133","journal-title":"Ann Family Med"},{"key":"9915_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0308-3","volume":"20","author":"X Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao X (2020) COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 20:269\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-020-0308-3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"9915_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0629-x","volume":"39","author":"R Channappanavar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Channappanavar R, Perlman S (2017) Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 39:529\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-017-0629-x","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"9915_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20111","volume":"39","author":"TN Chau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chau TN et al (2004) SARS-associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases . Hepatology (Baltimore Md) 39:302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.20111","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore Md)"},{"key":"9915_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.004","volume":"80","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J et al (2020a) Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. J Infect 80:e1\u2013e6","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"9915_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N et al (2020b) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study . Lancet (London, England) 395:507\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30211-7","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"9915_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa449","author":"X Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen X et al (2020c) Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa449","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Y et al (2020a) Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Intl","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.005"},{"key":"9915_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.005","volume":"97","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng Y et al (2020b) Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney international 97:829\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.005","journal-title":"Kidney international"},{"key":"9915_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Y et al (2020c) Kidney impairment is associated with in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.18.20023242"},{"key":"9915_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200230","volume":"295","author":"M Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung M et al (2020) CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology 295:202\u2013207","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9915_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.51893\/2020.2.pov2","volume":"22","author":"F Ciceri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ciceri F et al (2020) Microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome (MicroCLOTS): an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome working hypothesis. Crit Care Resuscitation 22:95\u201397","journal-title":"Crit Care Resuscitation"},{"key":"9915_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941","volume":"141","author":"KJ Clerkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clerkin KJ et al (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 141:1648","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9915_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.05.013","volume":"237","author":"A De Corato","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Corato A, Lisi L, Capuano A, Tringali G, Tramutola A, Navarra P, Dello Russo C (2011) Trigeminal satellite cells express functional calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, whose activation enhances interleukin-1\u03b2 pro-inflammatory effects. J Neuroimmunol 237:39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.05.013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9915_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.81","volume":"14","author":"E De Wit","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Wit E, Van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ (2016) SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 14:523","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9915_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09987-4","author":"B Debuc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Debuc B, Smadja DM (2020) Is COVID-19 a new hematologic disease? Stem Cell Rev Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-020-09987-4","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"9915_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100693","volume":"51","author":"S Der Sarkissian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Der Sarkissian S, Grobe JL, Yuan L, Narielwala DR, Walter GA, Katovich MJ, Raizada MK (2008) Cardiac overexpression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protects the heart from ischemia-induced pathophysiology. Hypertension 51:712\u2013718","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"9915_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014","author":"M Desforges","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A, Lajoie L, Dub\u00e9 M, Talbot PJ (2019) Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12010014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9915_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206995","author":"V Deshmukh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deshmukh V, Motwani R, Kumar A, Kumari C, Raza K (2020) Histopathological observations in COVID-19: a systematic review. J Clin Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206995","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diao B et al (2020) Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection MedRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.04.20031120"},{"key":"9915_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa041","author":"JH Diaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diaz JH (2020) Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19. J Travel Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa041","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"9915_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R373","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2006","volume":"292","author":"MF Doobay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doobay MF, Talman LS, Obr TD, Tian X, Davisson RL, Lazartigues E (2007) Differential expression of neuronal ACE2 in transgenic mice with overexpression of the brain renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R373\u2013R381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00292.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"9915_CR48","first-page":"493","volume":"11","author":"Z Duan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duan Z, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Lang Z, Meng F, Bao X (2003) Clinical characteristics and mechanism of liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese. J Hepatol 11:493\u2013496","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.014","volume":"190","author":"R Escher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Escher R, Breakey N, L\u00e4mmle B (2020) Severe COVID-19 infection associated with endothelial activation. Thromb Res 190:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.014","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"9915_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.26.20026971","author":"Z Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan Z et al (2020a) Clinical features of COVID-19-related liver damage. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.26.20026971","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.002","volume":"18","author":"Z Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan Z et al (2020b) Clinical features of COVID-19-related liver functional abnormality clinical. Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:1561\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.002","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30116-8","volume":"8","author":"L Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M (2020) Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med 8:e21","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"9915_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020040432","volume":"31","author":"EA Farkash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farkash EA, Wilson AM, Jentzen JM (2020) Ultrastructural evidence for direct renal infection with SARS-CoV-2. J Am Soc Nephrol 31:1683","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"9915_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297916110134","volume":"81","author":"AR Fatkhullina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fatkhullina AR, Peshkova IO, Koltsova EK (2016) The role of cytokines in the development of atherosclerosis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 81:1358\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S0006297916110134","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"9915_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2002387","volume":"382","author":"AS Fauci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fauci AS, Lane HC, Redfield RR (2020) Covid-19: navigating the uncharted N. Engl J Med 382:1268\u20131269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMe2002387","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"9915_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari S, Vento S, Monaco S, Cavallaro T, Cainelli F, Rizzuto N, Temesgen Z Human immunodeficiency virus-associated peripheral neuropathies. In: Mayo Clinic Proceedings (2006) vol\u00a02. Elsevier, pp\u00a0213\u2013219","DOI":"10.4065\/81.2.213"},{"key":"9915_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.049465","author":"SE Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox SE, Li G, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, Lameira FS, Brown JQ, Vander Heide RS (2020) Unexpected features of cardiac pathology in COVID-19 infection. Circulation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.120.049465","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9915_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13229","volume":"1","author":"JL Frater","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frater JL, Zini G, d\u2019Onofrio G, Rogers HJ (2020) COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory. Intl J Lab Hematol 1:11\u201318","journal-title":"Intl J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"9915_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao T et al (2020) Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates lung injury by MASP-2-mediated complement over-activation MedRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.29.20041962"},{"key":"9915_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrido I, Liberal R, Macedo G (2020) COVID-19 and liver disease\u2010what we know on 1st May 2020. Aliment Pharmacol Therap","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15813"},{"key":"9915_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015","volume":"126","author":"M Gheblawi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gheblawi M et al (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2. Circ Res 126:1456\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"9915_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.689846","volume":"44","author":"P Gille-Johnson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gille-Johnson P, Hansson KE, G\u00e5rdlund B (2012) Clinical and laboratory variables identifying bacterial infection and bacteraemia in the emergency department . Scan J Infect Dis 44:745\u2013752","journal-title":"Scan J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e575","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30216-7","volume":"7","author":"G Goshua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goshua G et al (2020) Endotheliopathy in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: evidence from a single-centre, cross-sectional study. Lancet Haematol 7:e575\u2013e582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30216-7","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"9915_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E186","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201544","volume":"296","author":"F Grillet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grillet F, Behr J, Calame P, Aubry S, Delabrousse E (2020) Acute pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 pneumonia detected with pulmonary. CT Angiogr Radiol 296:E186\u2013E188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201544","journal-title":"CT Angiogr Radiol"},{"key":"9915_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031","volume":"144","author":"S Gro\u00df","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gro\u00df S, Jahn C, Cushman S, B\u00e4r C, Thum T (2020) SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: from basic science to clinical implications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 144:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"9915_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061088","volume":"170","author":"J Gu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gu J, Korteweg C (2007) Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Pathol 170:1136\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061088","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828","volume":"202","author":"J Gu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gu J et al (2005) Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med 202:415\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20050828","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9915_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","volume":"382","author":"W-j Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan W-j et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 382:1708\u20131720","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9915_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","volume":"26","author":"A Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta A et al (2020) Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 26:1017\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9915_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106","volume":"116","author":"TJ Guzik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guzik TJ et al (2020) COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options. Cardiovasc Res 116:1666\u20131687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"9915_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 203:631\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1570","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-017-0115-6","volume":"15","author":"R H\u0142adij","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u0142adij R, Rajtar-Salwa R, Dimitrow PP (2017) Troponin as ischemic biomarker is related with all three echocardiographic risk factors for sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ESC Guidelines 2014). Cardiovasc Ultrasound 15:24","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"key":"9915_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395:497\u2013506","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9915_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175346662093717","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466620937175","volume":"14","author":"I Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang I, Pranata R, Lim MA, Oehadian A, Alisjahbana B (2020c) C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: a meta-analysis. Therap Adv Respir Dis 14:1753466620937175","journal-title":"Therap Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR76","first-page":"26","volume":"15","author":"CS Hwang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hwang CS (2006) Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of A case. Acta Neurol Taiwan 15:26\u201328","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"9915_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712","volume":"436","author":"Y Imai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Imai Y et al (2005) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 436:112\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03712","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9915_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000912","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00912-2020","volume":"56","author":"NE Ingraham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ingraham NE et al (2020) Understanding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-SARS-CoV-axis: a comprehensive review. Eur Respir J 56:2000912","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"9915_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05762-w","volume":"35","author":"F Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang F, Deng L, Zhang L, Cai Y, Cheung CW, Xia Z (2020) Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J General Inter Med 35:1545","journal-title":"J General Inter Med"},{"key":"9915_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-0233-6","volume":"7","author":"YH Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin YH et al (2020) A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil Med Res 7:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-020-0233-6","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"9915_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105950","author":"S Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang S et al (2020) Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment. Int J Antimicrob Agents. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105950","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"9915_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh148","volume":"93","author":"M Kemp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kemp M, Donovan J, Higham H, Hooper J (2004) Biochemical markers of myocardial injury. Br J Anaesth 93:63\u201373","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"9915_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","volume":"29","author":"KF Kernan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kernan KF, Carcillo JA (2017) Hyperferritinemia inflammation. Int Immunol 29:401\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"9915_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00715","volume":"11","author":"M Khateb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khateb M, Bosak N, Muqary M (2020) Coronaviruses and central nervous system manifestations. Front Neurol 11:715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00715","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9915_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481708301123","volume":"83","author":"S Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim S, McClave SA, Martindale RG, Miller KR, Hurt RT (2017) Hypoalbuminemia and clinical outcomes: what is the mechanism behind the relationship? Am Surg 83:1220\u20131227","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"9915_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.006","volume":"98","author":"S Kissling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kissling S et al (2020) Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID-19 patient. Kidney Intl 98:228\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.006","journal-title":"Kidney Intl"},{"key":"9915_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20040174","volume":"108","author":"S Kofler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kofler S, Nickel T, Weis M (2005) Role of cytokines in cardiovascular diseases: a focus on endothelial responses to inflammation. Clin Sci (London, England: 1979) 108:205\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20040174","journal-title":"Clin Sci (London, England: 1979)"},{"key":"9915_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1389","volume":"14","author":"J Koskinas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koskinas J et al (2008) Liver histology in ICU patients dying from sepsis: a clinico-pathological study. World J Gastroenterol 14:1389\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.14.1389","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9915_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1496","volume":"302","author":"A Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar A et al (2009) Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 302:1872\u20131879","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9915_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.04.002","volume":"5","author":"CP Larsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Larsen CP, Bourne TD, Wilson JD, Saqqa O, Sharshir MA (2020) Collapsing glomerulopathy in a patient with COVID-19. Kidney Intl Rep 5:935\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.04.002","journal-title":"Kidney Intl Rep"},{"key":"9915_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10253","volume":"69","author":"YB Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee YB, Nagai A, Kim SU (2002) Cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine receptors in human microglia. J Neurosci Res 69:94\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.10253","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9915_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21706","volume":"544","author":"E Lefran\u00e7ais","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lefran\u00e7ais E et al (2017) The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors. Nature 544:105\u2013109","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9915_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31301","volume":"72","author":"F Lei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lei F et al (2020) Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China . Hepatology 72:389\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.31301","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9915_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042301","volume":"3","author":"F Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li F (2016) Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu Rev Virol 3:237\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-virology-110615-042301","journal-title":"Annu Rev Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2683-3","volume":"24","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Ma X (2020) Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it \u201ctypical\u201d ARDS? Crit Care 24:1\u20135","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9915_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25973","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Xiao SY (2020) Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: pathology, pathogenesis and clinical implications. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25973","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000453066","volume":"59","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2016) Coronavirus infections in the central nervous system and respiratory tract show distinct features in hospitalized children. Intervirology 59:163\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000453066","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"9915_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25685","volume":"92","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G et al (2020a) Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 92:424\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25685","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30920-x","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H et al (2020b) SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30920-x","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9915_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006","volume":"146","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X et al (2020c) Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 146:110","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"9915_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2020-000431","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2020d) Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/svn-2020-000431","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"9915_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z et al (2020e) Caution on kidney dysfunctions of COVID-19 patients","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3559601"},{"key":"9915_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z et al (2020f) Caution on kidney dysfunctions of COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3559601"},{"key":"9915_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.04.001","volume":"5","author":"P Libby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Libby P (2020) The heart in COVID-19: primary target or secondary bystander? JACC Basic Transl Sci 5:537\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.04.001","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"9915_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14781","volume":"18","author":"D Lillicrap","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lillicrap D (2020) Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. JTH 18:786\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.14781","journal-title":"JTH"},{"key":"9915_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases4030026","volume":"4","author":"YX Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim YX, Ng YL, Tam JP, Liu DX (2016) Human coronaviruses: a review of virus-host. Interact Dis 4:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases4030026","journal-title":"Interact Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.03.007","volume":"50","author":"W Ling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ling W (2020) C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. Med Mal Infect 50:332","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"9915_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.022","volume":"506","author":"G Lippi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lippi G, Plebani M, Henry BM (2020) Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta Intl J Clin Chem 506:145\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.022","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta Intl J Clin Chem"},{"key":"9915_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang R, He G (2020c) Hematological findings in coronavirus disease 2019: indications of progression of disease Annals of hematology 99:1421-1428 doi:10.1007\/s00277-020-04103-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04103-5"},{"key":"9915_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu DX, Liang JQ, Fung TS (2020a) Human Coronavirus-229E, -OC43, -NL63, and -HKU1 reference module in life sciences: B978-970-912-809633-809638.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.21501-X","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.21501-X"},{"key":"9915_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102763","volume":"55","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J et al (2020b) Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. EBioMedicine 55:102763","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"9915_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25726","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Z et al (2020d) Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25726","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30251-8","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu R et al (2020) Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding . Lancet (London England) 395:565\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30251-8","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"9915_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00048","volume":"6","author":"B Maisch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maisch B (2019) Cardio-immunology of myocarditis: focus on immune mechanisms and treatment options. Front Cardiovasc Med 6:48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00048","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"9915_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.182302","volume":"19","author":"R Malhotra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malhotra R (2016) Understanding migraine: potential role of neurogenic inflammation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 19:175","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"9915_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao L et al (2020) Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. a retrospective case series study, China","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.22.20026500"},{"key":"9915_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.013","volume":"109","author":"GN McAbee","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAbee GN, Brosgol Y, Pavlakis S, Agha R, Gaffoor M (2020) Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 infection in an 11-year-old. Child Pediatr Neurol 109:94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.013","journal-title":"Child Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"9915_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","volume":"395","author":"P Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, Collaboration HAS (2020) COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression . Lancet (London England) 395:1033","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"9915_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mina A, van Besien K, Platanias LC (2020) Hematological manifestations of COVID-19. Leukemia Lymphoma.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428194.2020.1788017","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1788017"},{"key":"9915_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moores LK et al (2020) Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: CHEST guideline and expert panel Report chest:S0012-3692(0020)31625\u201331621.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.559"},{"key":"9915_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1509458","volume":"375","author":"S Morfopoulou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morfopoulou S et al (2016) Human coronavirus OC43 associated with fatal encephalitis. N Engl J Med 375:497\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1509458","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9915_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7473","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7473","volume":"12","author":"A Mukherjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mukherjee A, Ahmad M, Frenia D (2020) A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with multifocal pneumonia treated with hydroxychloroquine. Cureus 12:e7473\u2013e7473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.7473","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9915_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.001","volume":"97","author":"S Naicker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BC, Chen JH, Jha V (2020) The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kid Intl 97:824\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.001","journal-title":"Kid Intl"},{"key":"9915_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01220","volume":"8","author":"F Nainu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nainu F, Shiratsuchi A, Nakanishi Y (2017) Induction of apoptosis and subsequent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells as an antiviral. Mech Front Immunol 8:1220\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01220","journal-title":"Mech Front Immunol"},{"key":"9915_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165878","volume":"1866","author":"AAT Naqvi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naqvi AAT et al (2020) Insights into SARS-CoV-2 genome, structure, evolution, pathogenesis and therapies: structural genomics approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1866:165878\u2013165878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165878","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.07.077","volume":"270","author":"G Ndrepepa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A (2018) Creatine kinase myocardial band-a biomarker to assess prognostically relevant periprocedural myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 270:118\u2013119","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"9915_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00737-08","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE. 2 J Virol 82:7264\u20137275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00737-08","journal-title":"2 J Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174288","author":"JT Neumann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neumann JT et al (2017) Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity troponin I. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0174288","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9915_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.10.024","volume":"186","author":"DL Ng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ng DL et al (2016) Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014. Am J Pathol 186:652\u2013658","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"9915_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1729403","author":"A Nilsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nilsson A, Edner N, Albert J, Ternhag A (2020) Fatal encephalitis associated with coronavirus OC43 in an immunocompromised. Child Infect Dis (Lond). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23744235.2020.1729403","journal-title":"Child Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"9915_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.013","volume":"98","author":"M Noris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noris M, Benigni A, Remuzzi G (2020) The case of complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact. Kidney Intl 98:314\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.013","journal-title":"Kidney Intl"},{"key":"9915_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x","volume":"39","author":"G Oudit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oudit G, Kassiri Z, Jiang C, Liu P, Poutanen S, Penninger J, Butany J (2009a) SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with. SARS Eur J Clin Investig 39:618\u2013625","journal-title":"SARS Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"9915_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x","volume":"39","author":"GY Oudit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oudit GY, Kassiri Z, Jiang C, Liu PP, Poutanen SM, Penninger JM, Butany J (2009b) SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS. Eur J Clin Invest 39:618\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9915_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pakos I et al (2020) Characteristics of peripheral blood differential counts in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Haematol","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13509"},{"key":"9915_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2147","volume":"7","author":"S Perlman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perlman S, Netland J (2009) Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 7:439\u2013450","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9915_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.108","volume":"12","author":"A Pollack","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pollack A, Kontorovich AR, Fuster V, Dec GW (2015) Viral myocarditis\u2014diagnosis, treatment options, and current controversies. Nat Rev Cardiol 12:670","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"9915_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B (2020) COVID-19\u2013associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features Radiology:201187","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187"},{"key":"9915_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01466-06","volume":"81","author":"K Pyrc","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pyrc K, Berkhout B, van der Hoek L (2007) The novel human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. J Virol 81:3051\u20133057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01466-06","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi F, Qian S, Zhang S, Zhang Z (2020) Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses Biochemical and biophysical research communications","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.16.951913"},{"key":"9915_CR141","first-page":"e20193","volume":"22","author":"M Quirch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quirch M, Lee J, Rehman S (2020) Hazards of the cytokine storm and cytokine-targeted therapy in patients with COVID-19. J Med Intl Res 22:e20193","journal-title":"J Med Intl Res"},{"key":"9915_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.235","volume":"34","author":"LA Rabelo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rabelo LA, Alenina N, Bader M (2011) ACE2-angiotensin-(1\u20137)-Mas axis and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 34:154\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2010.235","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"9915_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.50.2003.4.8","volume":"50","author":"J Raj\u010dani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raj\u010dani J (2003) Molecular mechanisms of virus spread and virion components as tools of virulence . Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 50:407\u2013431","journal-title":"Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"},{"key":"9915_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100434","volume":"24","author":"AV Rapkiewicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rapkiewicz AV et al (2020) Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: a case series. EClinicalMedicine 24:100434","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"9915_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8429","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8429","volume":"12","author":"A Raza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raza A, Estepa A, Chan V, Jafar MS (2020) Acute renal failure in critically Ill COVID-19 patients with a focus on the role of renal replacement therapy: a review of what we know. So Far Cureus 12:e8429\u2013e8429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.8429","journal-title":"So Far Cureus"},{"key":"9915_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02166-2","volume":"140","author":"RR Reichard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reichard RR, Kashani KB, Boire NA, Constantopoulos E, Guo Y, Lucchinetti CF (2020) Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology. Acta Neuropathol 140:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-020-02166-2","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"9915_CR147","unstructured":"Rep KI (2020) Management of Patients on Dialysis and With Kidney Transplantation Kidney International"},{"key":"9915_CR148","unstructured":"Robles A et al (2011) Viral vs bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: Radiologic features. Eur Respiratory Soc"},{"key":"9915_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN (2020) The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak Journal of autoimmunity:102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102433"},{"key":"9915_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x","volume":"20","author":"Q Ruan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med 20:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9915_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032366","volume":"7","author":"M Saffarzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saffarzadeh M et al (2012) Neutrophil extracellular traps directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death: a predominant role of histones. PLoS ONE 7:e32366","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9915_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60648-X","volume":"379","author":"S Sagar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sagar S, Liu PP, Cooper LT Jr (2012) Myocarditis. Lancet 379:738\u2013747","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9915_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.92","volume":"8","author":"KK Sahu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A (2020a) Comprehensive update on current outbreak of novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV). Ann Transl Med 8:393\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2020.02.92","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"9915_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Martin K, Chastain I (2020b) COVID-19 and clinical mimics. Correct diagnosis is the key to appropriate therapy Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 90 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1327","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1327"},{"key":"9915_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2328OC","volume":"200","author":"E Sapey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sapey E et al (2019) Simvastatin improves neutrophil function and clinical outcomes in pneumonia. A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200:1282\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201812-2328OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"9915_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheng CC et al (2020) Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS-CoV\u20102 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid\u201019 cardiac injury: The three C study. Clin Cardiol","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23451"},{"key":"9915_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200269","volume":"295","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi H, Han X, Zheng C (2020a) Evolution of CT manifestations in a patient recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Radiology 295:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020200269","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9915_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi S et al (2020b) Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China JAMA cardiology","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0950"},{"key":"9915_CR159","first-page":"m810","volume":"368","author":"R Sommerstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sommerstein R, Gr\u00e4ni C (2020) Rapid response: preventing a COVID-19 pandemic: ACE inhibitors as a potential risk factor for fatal COVID-19. BMJ 368:m810","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9915_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","volume":"9","author":"NR Sproston","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ (2018) Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection. Front Immunol 9:754\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"9915_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su H et al (2020a) Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China Kidney international","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003"},{"key":"9915_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003","volume":"98","author":"H Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su H et al (2020b) Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in. China Kidney International 98:219\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003","journal-title":"China Kidney International"},{"key":"9915_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25722","author":"P Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun P, Lu X, Xu C, Sun W, Pan B (2020) Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25722","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"9915_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0089-y","volume":"5","author":"L Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan L et al (2020a) Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal transduction targeted therapy 5:1\u20133","journal-title":"Signal transduction targeted therapy"},{"key":"9915_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30216-3","volume":"8","author":"T Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan T et al (2020b) Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:659\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30216-3","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"9915_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11352-4","volume":"7","author":"D Ternant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ternant D et al (2017) Revisiting myocardial necrosis biomarkers: assessment of the effect of conditioning therapies on infarct size by kinetic modelling. Sci Rep 7:1\u201312","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9915_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terpos E et al (2020) Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19 American journal of hematology","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25829"},{"key":"9915_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e425","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30151-4","volume":"7","author":"H The Lancet","year":"2020","unstructured":"The Lancet H (2020) COVID-19 coagulopathy: an evolving story. The Lancet Haematology 7:e425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-3026(20)30151-4","journal-title":"The Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"9915_CR169","first-page":"113","volume":"14","author":"LK Tsai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chang YC (2005) Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Acta Neurol Taiwan 14:113\u2013119","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"9915_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.165716","volume":"10","author":"C Turgay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turgay C, Emine T, Ozlem K, Muhammet SP, Haydar AT (2015) A rare cause of acute flaccid paralysis: Human coronaviruses. J Pediatr Neurosci 10:280\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1817-1745.165716","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"key":"9915_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.04.001","volume":"25","author":"AJ Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner AJ, Hiscox JA, Hooper NM (2004) ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:291\u2013294","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"9915_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419","volume":"347","author":"M Uhl\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uhl\u00e9n M et al (2015) Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science 347:1260419","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9915_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008615","volume":"86","author":"J Unsinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Unsinger J, McDonough JS, Shultz LD, Ferguson TA, Hotchkiss RS (2009) Sepsis-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis and cytokine production in \u201chumanized\" mice. J Leukoc Biol 86:219\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.1008615","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"9915_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD (2020) Renin\u2013Angiotensin\u2013Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19 New England Journal of Medicine","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760"},{"key":"9915_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973","volume":"382","author":"N Van Doremalen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Doremalen N et al (2020) Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 . N Engl J Med 382:1564\u20131567","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9915_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30937-5","volume":"395","author":"Z Varga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varga Z et al (2020) Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet 395:1417\u20131418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30937-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9915_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.57.6.1055","volume":"57","author":"G Vasudevan","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vasudevan G, Mercer DW, Varat MA (1978) Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme determination in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 57:1055\u20131057","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9915_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037","volume":"76","author":"P Verdecchia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F (2020) The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med 76:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"9915_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000010250","volume":"95","author":"J Virhammar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virhammar J et al (2020) Acute necrotizing encephalopathy with SARS-CoV-2 RNA confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology 95:445\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000010250","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9915_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.03.007","volume":"50","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang L (2020) C-reactive protein levels in the early stage of COVID-19. M\u00e9decine et Maladies Infectieuses 50:332\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.03.007","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine et Maladies Infectieuses"},{"key":"9915_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D et al (2020a) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus\u2013infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323:1061\u20131069","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9915_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang D et al (2020b) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus\u2013infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Jama","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"9915_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D et al (2020c) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan. China Jama 323:1061\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","journal-title":"China Jama"},{"key":"9915_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D et al (2020d) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","journal-title":"China Jama"},{"key":"9915_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X et al (2020e) SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion Cellular & molecular immunology:1\u20133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0424-9"},{"key":"9915_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-004-2387-6","volume":"10","author":"FJ Warner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Warner FJ, Guy JL, Lambert DW, Hooper NM, Turner AJ (2003) Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and its possible roles in hypertension, diabetes and cardiac function. Lett Pept Sci 10:377\u2013385","journal-title":"Lett Pept Sci"},{"key":"9915_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","volume":"581","author":"R W\u00f6lfel","year":"2020","unstructured":"W\u00f6lfel R et al (2020) Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 581:465\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9915_CR188","first-page":"1260","volume":"367","author":"D Wrapp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wrapp D et al (2020) Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion. conformation Science 367:1260\u20131263","journal-title":"conformation Science"},{"key":"9915_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu C et al (2020a) Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan. China JAMA Intern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994","journal-title":"China JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"9915_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu C et al (2020b) Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China JAMA internal medicine","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0994"},{"key":"9915_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu C et al (2020c) Heart injury signs are associated with higher and earlier mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.26.20028589"},{"key":"9915_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu J, Deng W, Li S, Yang X (2020d) Advances in research on ACE2 as a receptor for 2019-nCoV Cell Mol Life Sci:1\u201314 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-020-03611-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03611-x"},{"key":"9915_CR193","first-page":"2286","volume":"26","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu J, Song S, Cao H-C, Li L-J (2020e) Liver diseases in COVID-19: Etiology, treatment and prognosis World. J Gastroenterol 26:2286","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9915_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu MY, Yao L, Wang Y, Zhu XY, Wang XF, Tang PJ, Chen C (2020f) Clinical evaluation of potential usefulness of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia Respiratory research 21:171 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-020-01427-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01427-8"},{"key":"9915_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1086\/444461","volume":"41","author":"J Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu J et al (2005) Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis 41:1089\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/444461","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9915_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu S et al (2020a) Acute kidney injury at early stage as a negative prognostic indicator of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based retrospective analysis medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042408"},{"key":"9915_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30076-x","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Z et al (2020b) Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory medicine 8:420\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30076-x","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory medicine"},{"key":"9915_CR195","unstructured":"Xu H et al (2020c) Clinical characteristics and risk factors of cardiac involvement in COVID-19. J Am Heart Assoc 9:e016807"},{"key":"9915_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.111.237198","volume":"31","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamamoto S et al (2011) Macrophage polarization by angiotensin II-type 1 receptor aggravates renal injury-acceleration of atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb Vasc Biol 31:2856\u20132864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.111.237198","journal-title":"Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"9915_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang X, Chang Y, Wei W (2016) Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation: Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Mediators of inflammation 2016:6813016 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6813016","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6813016"},{"key":"9915_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.016","volume":"80","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang W et al (2020a) Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang. China Journal of Infection 80:388\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.016","journal-title":"China Journal of Infection"},{"key":"9915_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X et al (2020b) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 8:475\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30079-5","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"9915_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102434","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2020c) The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in. China J Autoimmun:102434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102434","journal-title":"China J Autoimmun:102434"},{"key":"9915_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050423","volume":"17","author":"M Ye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ye M, Wysocki J, William J, Soler MJ, Cokic I, Batlle D (2006) Glomerular localization and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme: implications for albuminuria in diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:3067\u20133075","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"9915_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45134","volume":"16","author":"Y Yi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S, Li E, Xu R-H (2020) COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci 16:1753\u20131766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.45134","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"9915_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04374-x","volume":"162","author":"L Zanin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zanin L, Saraceno G, Panciani PP, Renisi G, Signorini L, Migliorati K, Fontanella MM (2020) SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 162:1491\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-020-04374-x","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"9915_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00840.x","volume":"66","author":"S-Y Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang S-Y, Marlier A, Gribouval O, Gilbert T, Heidet L, Antignac C, Gubler MC (2004) In vivo expression of podocyte slit diaphragm-associated proteins in nephrotic patients with NPHS2 mutation. Kidney Intl 66:945\u2013954","journal-title":"Kidney Intl"},{"key":"9915_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4017","volume":"22","author":"T Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang T et al (2016) CaMKII is a RIP3 substrate mediating ischemia-and oxidative stress\u2013induced myocardial necroptosis. Nature medicine 22:175","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"key":"9915_CR208","first-page":"428","volume":"5","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shi L, Wang F-S (2020a) Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges The lancet. Gastroenterology hepatology 5:428\u2013430","journal-title":"Gastroenterology hepatology"},{"key":"9915_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30057-1","volume":"5","author":"C Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shi L, Wang F-S (2020b) Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:428\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30057-1","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9915_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wu Z, Li J-W, Zhao H, Wang G-Q (2020c) The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality International journal of antimicrobial agents:105954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954"},{"key":"9915_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H et al (2020d) The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes BioRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.30.927806"},{"key":"9915_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS (2020e) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Intensive care medicine:1\u20135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9"},{"key":"9915_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Zhang J-Y, Xie X (2020) COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system Nature Reviews Cardiology:1\u20132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5"},{"key":"9915_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z (2020) Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Histology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:31:39Z","timestamp":1696811499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]]},"references-count":211,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10735-020-09915-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-2379","1567-2387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-2379","type":"print"},{"value":"1567-2387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declared no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}