{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:42:05Z","timestamp":1772829725468,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Histol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:37:16Z","timestamp":1758872236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of aqueous fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract against DBP-induced renal and adrenal pathologies in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9213-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hifsa","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1832-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajida","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Iram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-7712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saira","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0290-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahira","family":"Almas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0870-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameer","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0216-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asifa","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0596-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Ambreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2642-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Uzair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10618_CR1","first-page":"3336","volume":"10","author":"WN Abdel-Sada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdel-Sada WN (2018) Protective effect of crude oil of Nigella sativa on adrenal gland in male albino mice treated with low toxic dose of Paracetamol. J Pharm Sci Res 10:3336. https:\/\/cdnx.uobabylon.edu.iq\/research\/repository1_publication16192_26_5839.pdf","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"10618_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103780","volume":"89","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Sharma S, Afjal MA, Habib H, Akhter J, Goswami P, Parvez S, Akhtar M, Raisuddin S (2022) mRNA expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of adrenal steroidogenesis in response to exposure to phthalates in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 89:103780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103780","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10618_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104457","volume":"108","author":"N Aldegunde-Louzao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aldegunde-Louzao N, Lolo-Aira M, Herrero-Latorre C (2024) Phthalate esters in clothing: a review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 108:104457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104457","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10618_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2023.64.5.6","author":"OAS Alfahdawi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfahdawi OAS, Alfahdawi AAS, Mohammed IM (2023) Effects of aqueous extract of cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum) on the structure and function of albino rat kidneys treated with dibutyl phthalate. Iraqi J Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24996\/ijs.2023.64.5.6","journal-title":"Iraqi J Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1134\/s1607672922340014","volume-title":"Doklady biochemistry and biophysics","author":"D Almalki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almalki D (2022) Hepatorenal protective effect of fenugreek aqueous extract against lead toxicity in experimental rats. In: Doklady biochemistry and biophysics. Springer, New York , pp 318\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s1607672922340014"},{"key":"10618_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10070362","volume":"10","author":"SM Alsuliam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsuliam SM, Albadr NA, Almaiman SA, Al-Khalifah AS, Alkhaldy NS, Alshammari GM (2022) Fenugreek seed galactomannan aqueous and extract protects against diabetic nephropathy and liver damage by targeting NF-\u03baB and Keap1\/Nrf2 axis. Toxics 10:362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics10070362","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10618_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16970","volume":"89","author":"MH Alu\u2019datt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alu\u2019datt MH, Rababah T, Al-ali S, Tranchant CC, Gammoh S, Alrosan M, Kubow S, Tan T, Ghatasheh S (2024) Current perspectives on fenugreek bioactive compounds and their potential impact on human health: a review of recent insights into functional foods and other high value applications. J Food Sci 89:1835\u20131864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1750-3841.16970","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.21608\/jcvr.2023.296022","volume":"5","author":"A Anis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anis A, El-Nady SH, Amer HA, El-Borai NB, El-Ballal SS (2023) Ameliorative potential of naringin against Di-n-butyl phthalate-Induced hepatorenal\u200e toxicity in rats. J Curr Veterinary Res 5:17\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jcvr.2023.296022","journal-title":"J Curr Veterinary Res"},{"key":"10618_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003242963-23","volume-title":"Medicinal plant responses to stressful conditions","author":"G Anywar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anywar G, Ssenku JE, Tugume P (2023) Trigonella foenum-graceum and Stressful Conditions. In: Medicinal plant responses to stressful conditions, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 437\u2013450 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003242963-23"},{"key":"10618_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.31579\/2766-2314\/072","volume":"3","author":"AE Azab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azab AE, Albasha MO, Elnaif MA (2022) Renal toxicity induced by nicotine in male albino rats and attenuation by fenugreek seeds and curcumin. J Biotech Bioprocess 3:2766\u20132314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31579\/2766-2314\/072","journal-title":"J Biotech Bioprocess"},{"key":"10618_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.34172\/jcvtr.2021.01","volume":"13","author":"S Bafadam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bafadam S, Mahmoudabady M, Niazmand S, Rezaee SA, Soukhtanloo M (2021) Cardioprotective effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum) seed extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 13:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jcvtr.2021.01","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Thorac Res"},{"key":"10618_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70418","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70418","volume":"11","author":"BM Balkan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Balkan BM, Meral O, Cetintav B, Tutun H, Ozkurt G, Sel T (2025) The effects of storage conditions and homogenisation buffers on the measurement of SOD, CAT and ADA enzyme activities in cattle liver. Vet Med Sci 11:e70418. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.70418","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.53560\/ppasb(59-3)720","volume":"59","author":"S Batool","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batool S, Aziz R, Shameem S, Shaheen M, Batool S, Aslam I, Iram F (2022) Curative potentials of garlic (allium sativum) extract against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in female mice: amelioration of DEHP-induced toxicity by garlic extract. Proc Pak Acad Sci B Life Environ Sci 59: 39\u201353 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53560\/ppasb(59-3)720","journal-title":"Proc Pak Acad Sci B Life Environ Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337221108578","volume":"38","author":"S Batool","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batool S, Batool S, Shameem S, Batool T, Batool S (2022b) Effects of dibutyl phthalate and Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on hepatic structure and function of adult male mice. Toxicol Ind Health 38:470\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07482337221108578","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10618_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29090\/psa.2023.03.22.201","author":"S Batool","year":"2023","unstructured":"Batool S, Shaheen M, Shameem S, Aziz R, Batool S, Iram F, Aslam I, Kanwal U (2023) Effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood and liver of adult female mice. Pharm Sci Asia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29090\/psa.2023.03.22.201","journal-title":"Pharm Sci Asia"},{"key":"10618_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/172080","author":"S Batool","year":"2024","unstructured":"Batool S, Batool S, Batool T, Iram F, Almas T, Faizan M, Assad N, Al-Sadoon MK, Khan MN, Ullah B (2024) Delving the role of the ameliorative effects of Caralluma tuberculata NE Br.(Apocynaceae) on diabetes and its effect on the organs weight of Alloxan-Induced adult male mice. Pol J Environ Stud https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15244\/pjoes\/172080","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"10618_CR17","unstructured":"Bergmeyer H-U (2012) Methods of enzymatic analysis. Elsevier."},{"key":"10618_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(78)52032-6","volume-title":"Methods in enzymology","author":"JA Buege","year":"1978","unstructured":"Buege JA, Aust SD (1978) [30] microsomal lipid peroxidation. In: Methods in enzymology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"10618_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(55)02300-8","author":"B Chance","year":"1955","unstructured":"Chance B, Maehly A (1955) [136] Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods Biochem Anal https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0076-6879(55)02300-8","journal-title":"Methods Biochem Anal"},{"key":"10618_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137714","volume":"314","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Song Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Cen Y, You M, Yang G (2023) DBP and bap co-exposure induces kidney injury via promoting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats. Chemosphere 314:137714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137714","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10618_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119843583","volume":"38","author":"L Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng L, Li J, Cheng J, Wu Z (2019) Dibutyl phthalate-induced activation of ROS and ERK1\/2 causes hepatic and renal damage in Kunming mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 38:938\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0960327119843583","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10618_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123527","volume":"402","author":"Y Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui Y, Yin K, Zheng Y, Wang B, Qu Y, Li S, Lin H (2021) Mixed plasticizers aggravated apoptosis by NOD2-RIP2-NF-\u03baB pathway in grass carp hepatocytes. J Hazard Mater 402:123527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123527","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10618_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3959","volume":"12","author":"Z Faisal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Faisal Z, Irfan R, Akram N, Manzoor HMI, Aabdi MA, Anwar MJ, Khawar S, Saif A, Shah YA, Afzaal M, Desta DT (2024) The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: from health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications. Food Sci Nutr 12:2294\u20132310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.3959","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10618_CR25","first-page":"933","volume":"34","author":"SN Fatima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fatima SN, Masood J (2021) Fenugreek seeds attenuate thioacetamide induced liver damage. Pak J Pharm Sci 34:933","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113548","volume":"229","author":"N Fr\u00e9ry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fr\u00e9ry N, Santonen T, Porras SP, Fucic A, Leso V, Bousoumah R, Duca RC, El Yamani M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Ndaw S (2020) Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to phthalates: a systematic review. Int J Hyg Environ Health 229:113548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113548","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"10618_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229609047676","volume":"18","author":"D Grekas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grekas D, Dioudis C, Papageorgiou G, Iliadis S, Zilidis C, Alivanis P (1996) Lipid peroxidation after acute renal ischemia and reperfusion in rats: the effect of Trimetazidine. Ren Fail 18:545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08860229609047676","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10618_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfae103","author":"A Guti\u00e9rrez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Garc\u00eda A, Torres-Garc\u00eda DA, De Leon-Rodriguez A (2024) Diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate disrupt sirtuins expression in the HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfae103","journal-title":"Toxicol Res"},{"key":"10618_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-022-03413-6","volume":"31","author":"HNG Hak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hak HNG, Metawea SI, Nabil ZI (2022) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) supplementation safeguards male mice from aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney damage. Comp Clin Pathol 31:925\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00580-022-03413-6","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10618_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6811","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186811","volume":"17","author":"H Hlisn\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hlisn\u00edkov\u00e1 H, Petrovi\u010dov\u00e1 I, Kolena B, \u0160idlovsk\u00e1 M, Sirotkin A (2020) Effects and mechanisms of phthalates\u2019 action on reproductive processes and reproductive health: a literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:6811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17186811","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10618_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00215-5","volume":"73","author":"H Hlisn\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hlisn\u00edkov\u00e1 H, Petrovi\u010dov\u00e1 I, Kolena B, \u0160idlovsk\u00e1 M, Sirotkin A (2021) Effects and mechanisms of phthalates\u2019 action on neurological processes and neural health: a literature review. Pharmacol Rep 73:386\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00215-5","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"10618_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.22099\/mbrc.2022.42014.1688","volume":"11","author":"Y Hozhabri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hozhabri Y, Sadeghi A, Nazari-Robati M, Bahri F, Salimi F, Abolhassani M, Mohammadi A (2022) Effects of Trehalose on NFE2L2, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in the kidney of aged rats. Mol Biology Res Commun 11:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22099\/mbrc.2022.42014.1688","journal-title":"Mol Biology Res Commun"},{"key":"10618_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117091","volume":"285","author":"P-C Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang P-C, Lin T-Y, Wu C-C, Lo C, Lin Y W-Y, Huang H-B (2024) Relationship between phthalate exposure and kidney function in Taiwanese adults as determined through covariate-adjusted standardization and cumulative risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 285:117091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117091","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10618_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14480","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14480","volume":"54","author":"F Iram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iram F, Batool S, Shameem S, Aslam I, Batool S, Shaheen M, Aziz R (2022) Effect of aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) extract against di-(2\u2010ethylhexyl) phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Andrologia 54:e14480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.14480","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10618_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193029","volume":"11","author":"L K\u00e4llsten","year":"2022","unstructured":"K\u00e4llsten L, Pierozan P, Martin JW, Karlsson O (2022) Di-n-butyl phthalate and its monoester metabolite impairs steroid hormone biosynthesis in human cells: mechanistic in vitro studies. Cells 11:3029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11193029","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10618_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa231","volume":"50","author":"O Karlsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karlsson O, Rockl\u00f6v J, Lehoux AP, Bergquist J, Rutgersson A, Blunt MJ, Birnbaum LS (2021) The human exposome and health in the anthropocene. Int J Epidemiol 50:378\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyaa231","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10618_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-023-00268-7","volume":"6","author":"R Kaur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaur R, Kumari A, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Kaur R (2023) Biodegradation of phthalates and metabolic pathways: an overview. Environ Sustain 6:303\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42398-023-00268-7","journal-title":"Environ Sustain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10618_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271211001124","volume":"40","author":"F Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang F, Xi J, Chen X, Huang J, Jin D, Zhu X (2021) Curcumin decreases dibutyl phthalate-induced renal dysfunction in Kunming mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 40(9):1528\u20131536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09603271211001124","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10618_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/183076","author":"SY Malik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malik SY, Arshad M, Batool S, Batool S, Iram F, Batool T, Ali B, Wahab S, Khan MN, Kaplan A (2024) Atrazine-Induced toxicity and biochemical changes in Mus musculus: the ameliorative efficacy of Nigella sativa L.(Ranunculaceae) oil. Pol J Environ Stud https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15244\/pjoes\/183076","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"10618_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-022-01368-w","volume":"92","author":"E Massoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Massoud E, Daniel MS, El-Kott A, Ali SB, Morsy K, Mohamed AS, Fahmy SR (2022) Therapeutic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum l seeds extract on folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B Biol Sci 92:701\u2013707 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40011-022-01368-w","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3897\/pharmacia.72.e147050","volume":"72","author":"V Nalbantova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nalbantova V, Delattre C, Benbassat N (2025) Chemical variability of fenugreek essential oil. Pharmacia 72:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/pharmacia.72.e147050","journal-title":"Pharmacia"},{"key":"10618_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133909","volume":"295","author":"E Olkowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olkowska E, Gr\u017eini\u0107 G (2022) Skin models for dermal exposure assessment of phthalates. Chemosphere 295:133909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133909","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10618_CR42","first-page":"90","volume":"3","author":"G Padmavathi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Padmavathi G, JN NSC SS (2012) Antiulcer activity of trigonella foenum-graecum leaves in cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model. Mol Clin Pharmacol 3:90\u201391","journal-title":"Mol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10618_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113194","volume":"212","author":"A Pagoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pagoni A, Arvaniti OS, Kalantzi O-I (2022) Exposure to phthalates from personal care products: urinary levels and predictors of exposure. Environ Res 212:113194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113194","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10618_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1039\/d0em00396d","volume":"23","author":"B Prasad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prasad B (2021) Phthalate pollution: environmental fate and cumulative human exposure index using the multivariate analysis approach. Environ Science: Processes Impacts 23:389\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0em00396d","journal-title":"Environ Science: Processes Impacts"},{"key":"10618_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14040109","volume":"14","author":"AR Quelhas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quelhas AR, Mariana M, Cairrao E (2024) Prenatal exposure to dibutyl phthalate and its negative health effects on offspring: in vivo and epidemiological studies. J Xenobiotics 14:2039\u20132075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jox14040109","journal-title":"J Xenobiotics"},{"key":"10618_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.06.008","volume":"7","author":"MJ Radha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radha MJ, Basha PM (2020) Hepatotoxic evaluation of Di-n-butyl phthalate in Wistar rats upon sub-chronic exposure: a multigenerational assessment. Toxicol Rep 7:772\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.06.008","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"10618_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.31893\/jabb.21007","volume":"9","author":"F Rouag","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rouag F, Djemli S, Boussena M, Memouni R, Refes I, Ferhati H, Tahraoui A (2020) The effect of oral Gavage (force-feeding) administration of Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on biochemical and neurobehavioural parameters in male Wistar rats. J Anim Behav Biometeorol 9:0\u20130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31893\/jabb.21007","journal-title":"J Anim Behav Biometeorol"},{"key":"10618_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31888-y","author":"SGA Salam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salam SGA, Rashed MM, Ibrahim NA, Rahim EAA, Aly TAA, AL-Farga A (2023) Phytochemical screening and in-vitro biological properties of unprocessed and household processed Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) seeds and leaves. Sci Rep https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-31888-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10618_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.12816\/0008248","volume":"7","author":"MS Shekha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shekha MS, Qadir AB, Ali HH, Selim XE (2014) Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on ethylene glycol induced kidney stone in rats. Jordan J Biol Sci 7:257\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12816\/0008248","journal-title":"Jordan J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10618_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6584","volume":"7","author":"C Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen C, Wei J, Wang T, Wang Y (2019) Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to dibutyl phthalate in neonate and adult daphnia magna. PeerJ 7:e6584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.6584","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10618_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/endoabs.110.p536","author":"I Stufchen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stufchen I, Petersenn E, Mir-Bashiri S, Kunz S, Bidlingmaier M, Ann WT, Reincke M (2025) The impact of phthalates on adrenal steroidogenesis in HAC15 cells. Endocr Abstracts https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/endoabs.110.p536","journal-title":"Endocr Abstracts"},{"key":"10618_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1003273","volume-title":"Cortisol-between physiology and pathology","author":"Y Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su Y, Ge R-S, Xie H (2023) Steroidogenesis of corticosteroids, genetic mutation, and endocrine disruption leading to adrenal insufficiency. In: Cortisol-between physiology and pathology. IntechOpen, London. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1003273"},{"key":"10618_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557520666201127104907","volume":"21","author":"W Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Cheng Q (2021) Fenugreek cultivation with emphasis on historical aspects and its uses in traditional medicine and modern pharmaceutical science. Mini Rev Med Chem 21:724\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389557520666201127104907","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"10618_CR54","unstructured":"Tinsley S (2022) Toxicological effects of dibutyl phthalate on the fecundity of Drosophila melanogaster. https:\/\/www.malone.edu\/files\/resources\/final-thesis-samantha-tinsley.pdf"},{"key":"10618_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111450","volume":"11","author":"T Visuvanathan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Visuvanathan T, Than LTL, Stanslas J, Chew SY, Vellasamy S (2022) Revisiting trigonella foenum-graecum L. Pharmacol Therapeutic Potentialities Plants 11:1450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11111450","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeutic Potentialities Plants"},{"key":"10618_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110955","volume":"136","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Yan X, Yang Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ye D, Wu Y, Ma P, Yan B (2020) Dibutyl phthalate-mediated oxidative stress induces Splenic injury in mice and the attenuating effects of vitamin E and curcumin. Food Chem Toxicol 136:110955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110955","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10618_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.3c00091","volume":"1","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Weng X, Liu S, Zhang H, Zhu Q, Fu Q, Wang T, Liao C, Jiang G (2023) Occurrence, fate, and reduction measures of phthalates in the cooking process: a review. Environ Health 1:300\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/envhealth.3c00091","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"10618_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.22271\/phyto.2025.v14.i3f.15402","volume":"14","author":"AA Waringe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Waringe AA, Joshi AV, Wavhal S, Sorte S N, Wani PA (2025) Fenugreek and its bioactive compounds: a comprehensive review on their role in diabetes and other therapeutic applications. J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry 14:490\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22271\/phyto.2025.v14.i3f.15402","journal-title":"J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10618_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233718807303","volume":"35","author":"J Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu J, Wang W, Wang J, Wang C, Li C (2019) Short-term toxicity of dibutyl phthalate to mice intestinal tissue. Toxicol Ind Health 35:20\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233718807303","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10618_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106159","volume":"149","author":"X Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng X, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Fent K (2021) Environmental chemicals affect circadian rhythms: an underexplored effect influencing health and fitness in animals and humans. Environ Int 149:106159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106159","journal-title":"Environ Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Histology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:07:58Z","timestamp":1762837678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10735-025-10618-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-2379","1567-2387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-2379","type":"print"},{"value":"1567-2387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"329"}}