{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T07:25:12Z","timestamp":1786951512884,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Histol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:19:21Z","timestamp":1782407961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prophylactic potential of Astragalus membranaceus extract in experimental pulmonary Candidiasis in Albino rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Mariham George","family":"Loqa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7911-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Morsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvana Nady","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas Gomaa Ibrahim","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Nasr","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab Ahmed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza Mohamed","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alshaymaa M.","family":"Abdelmenem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Akter, MN Hasan, B Rokeya, H Akhter, MS Gazi, F Sabrin, SS Kim, Alternative medicine: a recent overview, in: Altern Med, IntechOpen, 2021: pp. 103\u2013142.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.97039"},{"key":"10860_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434677","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1434677","volume":"14","author":"M Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali M, Edrees WH, Al-Shehari WA, Xue G, Al-Hammadi S, Qasem EA, Chaulagain RP, Lal N (2024) Antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from pregnant women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1434677","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10860_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JD Bancroft, C Layton, Connective and other mesenchymal tissues and their stains, in: Bancroft\u2019s Theory Pract. Histol. Tech. E-B., 8th ed., Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018: pp. 153\u2013175.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-6864-5.00012-8"},{"key":"10860_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11060718","volume":"11","author":"N Barantsevich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barantsevich N, Barantsevich E (2022) Diagnosis and treatment of invasive candidiasis. Antibiotics 11:718","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10860_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-023-00735-7","volume":"18","author":"MS Bhuia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhuia MS, Rahaman MM, Islam T, Bappi MH, Sikder MI, Hossain KN, Akter F, Al Shamsh Prottay A, Rokonuzzman M, G\u00fcrer ES, Calina D, Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J (2023) Neurobiological effects of gallic acid: current perspectives. Chin Med 18:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-023-00735-7","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10860_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310954","volume":"24","author":"D D\u2019Avino","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u2019Avino D, Cerqua I, Ullah H, Spinelli M, Di Matteo R, Granato E, Rossi A (2023) Beneficial effects of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge extract in controlling inflammatory response and preventing asthma features. Int J Molecular Sci 24(13):10954","journal-title":"Int J Molecular Sci"},{"key":"10860_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.04.012","volume":"14","author":"NP de S\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"de S\u00e1 NP, de Paula LFJ, Lopes LFF, Cruz LIB, Matos TTS, Lino CI, de Oliveira RB, de Souza-Fagundes EM, Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E (2018) In vivo and in vitro activity of a bis-arylidenecyclo-alkanone against fluconazole-susceptible and-resistant isolates of Candida albicans. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 14:287\u2013293","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10860_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01639","volume":"9","author":"FD Gonelimali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonelimali FD, Lin J, Miao W, Xuan J, Charles F, Chen M, Hatab SR (2018) Antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action of some plant extracts against food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Front Microbiol 9:1639","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10860_CR9","first-page":"1260","volume":"6","author":"RL Gratacap","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gratacap RL, Rawls JF, Wheeler RT (2013) Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-\u03baB activation, proinflammatory gene expression and localized neutrophilia in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 6:1260\u20131270","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10860_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.633047","volume":"12","author":"JS Griffiths","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griffiths JS, Camilli G, Kotowicz NK, Ho J, Richardson JP, Naglik JR (2021) Role for IL-1 family cytokines in fungal infections. Front Microbiol 12:633047","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10860_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","volume":"9","author":"Q Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J (2024) NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:53","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10860_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Gupta, L Nagar, M Singla, Smriti, SK Singh, G Gupta, S Bhojraj, RU Syed, A Alshammari, MD Alshammari, Anticandidal effects of ocimum basilicum and ocimum sanctum: unveiling in vitro and in vivo efficacy against systemic candidiasis, Curr. Pharm. Des. (2025).","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128362999250605093917"},{"key":"10860_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01674-w","volume":"9","author":"R Hashimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hashimoto R, Koide H, Katoh Y (2023) MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling. Cell Death Discov 9:374","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10860_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57797-4","volume":"16","author":"S Horn","year":"2025","unstructured":"Horn S, Schmid M, Berest I, Piattini F, Zhang J, De Bock K, Kopf M (2025) IL-1 protects from fatal systemic candidiasis in mice by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and hypoxia. Nature Commun 16(1):2626","journal-title":"Nature Commun"},{"key":"10860_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"J Hudzicki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hudzicki J (2009) Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. Am Soc Microbiol 15:1\u201323","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol"},{"key":"10860_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11740","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911740","volume":"23","author":"D Jarczak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jarczak D, Nierhaus A (2022) Cytokine storm\u2014definition, causes, and implications. Int J Mol Sci 23:11740","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10860_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276462","volume":"17","author":"AH Kadam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadam AH, Kandasamy K, Buss T, Cederstrom B, Yang C, Narayanapillai S, Rodriguez J, Levin MD, Koziol J, Olenyuk B (2022) Targeting caveolae to pump bispecific antibody to TGF-\u03b2 into diseased lungs enables ultra-low dose therapeutic efficacy. PLoS ONE 17:e0276462","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10860_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00021","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00021-23","volume":"88","author":"M Katsipoulaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Katsipoulaki M, Stappers MHT, Malavia-Jones D, Brunke S, Hube B, Gow NAR (2024) Candida albicans and Candida glabrata: global priority pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 88:e00021-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10860_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.10247","volume":"7","author":"H Khodadadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khodadadi H, Mirhendi H, Makimura K, Satoh K, Karimi L, Izadi S (2014) \u03b2-d-Glucan assay in diagnosis and monitoring the systemic candidiasis in a rat model. Jundishapur J Microbiol 7:e10247","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"10860_CR20","unstructured":"JA Kiernan, Immunohistochemistry, in: J. Kiernan (Ed.), Histol. Histochem. Methods. Theory Pract., 4th-th ed., Scion Publishing Ltd, 2015: pp. 454\u2013490."},{"key":"10860_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2015.10.002","volume":"6","author":"W Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim W, Chang MS, Park SK (2016) Astragalus membranaceus augment sperm parameters in male mice associated with cAMP-responsive element modulator and activator of CREM in testis. J Tradit Complement Med 6:294\u2013298","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"10860_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00503-3","volume":"10","author":"C Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl C, Kanj SS, Govender NP, Thompson GR III, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Govrins MA (2024) Invasive candidiasis. Nat Rev Dis Prim 10:20","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10860_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114201","volume":"277","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Jin Z-H, Li J-S, Su L-Y, Wang Y-X, Zhang Y, Qin D-M, Rao G-X, Wang R-R (2021) Activity of compound agrimony enteritis capsules against invasive candidiasis: exploring the differences between traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and its main components in the treatment of diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 277:114201","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10860_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-022-01393-3","volume":"45","author":"C-X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C-X, Liu Y, Zhang Y-Z, Li J-C, Lai J (2022) Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect. Arch Pharm Res 45:367\u2013389","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"10860_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212 \u0394\u0394CT method. Methods 25:402\u2013408","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10860_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00698","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00698-22","volume":"10","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez R, Hern\u00e1ez ML, Redondo E, Calvo G, Radau S, Pardo M, Gil C, Monteoliva L (2022) Candida albicans hyphal extracellular vesicles are different from yeast ones, carrying an active proteasome complex and showing a different role in host immune response. Microbiol Spectr 10:e00698-e722","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10860_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000520111","volume":"31","author":"DS Meena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meena DS, Kumar D (2022) Candida pneumonia: an innocent bystander or a silent killer? Med Princ Pract 31:98\u2013102","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"10860_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2012005000035","volume":"22","author":"A Mikaeili","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikaeili A, Karimi I, Shamspur T, Gholamine B, Modaresi M, Khanlari A (2012) Anti-candidal activity of Astragalus verus in the in vitro and in vivo guinea pig models of cutaneous and systemic candidiasis. Rev Bras Farmacogn 22:1035\u20131043","journal-title":"Rev Bras Farmacogn"},{"key":"10860_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223919","volume":"14","author":"DH Navarathna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Navarathna DH, Lionakis MS, Roberts DD (2019) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase limits host immunity to control disseminated Candida albicans infections in mice. PLoS ONE 14:e0223919","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10860_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"NIH, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed., National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/12910.","DOI":"10.17226\/12910"},{"key":"10860_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110550","volume":"130","author":"B Pathakumari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pathakumari B, Liang G, Liu W (2020) Immune defence to invasive fungal infections: a comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 130:110550","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10860_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040459","volume":"11","author":"JP Richardson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richardson JP (2022) Candida albicans: a major fungal pathogen of humans. Pathogens 11:459","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10860_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.626798","volume":"12","author":"NA Schmitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmitz NA, Thakare RP, Chung C-S, Lee C-M, Elias JA, Lee CG, LeBlanc BW (2021) Chitotriosidase activity is counterproductive in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Front Immunol 12:626798","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10860_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1808-6","volume":"15","author":"PS Simon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simon PS, Sharman SK, Lu C, Yang D, Paschall AV, Tulachan SS, Liu K (2015) The NF-\u03baB p65 and p50 homodimer cooperate with IRF8 to activate iNOS transcription. BMC Cancer 15:770","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10860_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01658","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01658-22","volume":"10","author":"S Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh S, Kumar A (2022) Systemic Candida albicans infection in mice causes endogenous endophthalmitis via breaching the outer blood-retinal barrier. Microbiol Spectr 10:e01658-e1722","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10860_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5855","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204189","volume":"14","author":"J-L Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang J-L, Xin M, Zhang L-C (2022) Protective effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Astragaloside IV in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Aging (Albany NY) 14:5855","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10860_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.05.019","volume":"111","author":"A Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson A, Orr SJ (2018) Emerging IL-12 family cytokines in the fight against fungal infections. Cytokine 111:398\u2013407","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10860_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valand N, Girija UV (2021) Candida pathogenicity and interplay with the immune system, in: Microb Pathog Infect Immun, Springer. pp. 241\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67452-6_11"},{"key":"10860_CR39","unstructured":"Wayne P, CLSI (2017). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal suscpitabilty testing of yeasts, 4th Ed., CLSI standard M27. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute."},{"key":"10860_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175594","volume":"944","author":"Y Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei Y, Qi M, Liu C, Li L (2023) Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 944:175594","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10860_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.697330","volume":"12","author":"Y-L Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Y-L, Xiang Z-J, Yang J-H, Wang W-J, Xu Z-C, Xiang R-L (2021) Adverse effects associated with currently commonly used antifungal agents: a network meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Pharmacol 12:697330","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10860_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121764","author":"J Yao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yao J, Wang H, Zheng Z, Yang J, Ma J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Jin X (2026) The protective effects and material basis of Astragalus membranaceus in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury via modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121764","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Histology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:49:07Z","timestamp":1786949347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10735-026-10860-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-2379","1567-2387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-2379","type":"print"},{"value":"1567-2387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The current study was conducted according to the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, No: R493 on 10\/9\/2023 and performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"201"}}