{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:42:56Z","timestamp":1790116976134,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust (GB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hist Biol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T16:26:28Z","timestamp":1448555188000},"page":"261-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["\u2018Tipping the Balance\u2019: Karl Friedrich Meyer, Latent Infections, and the Birth of Modern Ideas of Disease Ecology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Honigsbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2008.01658.x","volume":"22","author":"S Alizon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alizon, S., Hurford, A., Mideo, N., Van Baalen, M. 2009. \u201cVirulence Evolution and the Trade-off Hypothesis: History, Current State of Affairs and the Future.\u201d Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(2): 245\u2013259.","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"19","key":"9430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1086\/649393","volume":"2","author":"W Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson, W. 2004. \u201cNatural Histories of Infectious Disease: Ecological Vision in Twentieth-Century Biomedical Science.\u201d Osiris 2(19): 39\u201361.","journal-title":"Osiris"},{"key":"9430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, W. 2015. \u201cPostcolonial Ecologies of Parasite and Host: Making Parasitism Cosmopolitan.\u201d Journal of the History of Biology. doi: 10.1007\/s10739-015-9407-6 .","DOI":"10.1007\/s10739-015-9407-6"},{"key":"9430_CR4","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1965. \u201cThe George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, University of California Medical Center, 1960\u20131965.\u201d Unpublished MSS, UCSF Library, Archives and Special Collections, George Williams Hooper Administrative Records 1882\u20131958, AR 91-30."},{"key":"9430_CR5","unstructured":"Audy, R. J. 1965. \u201cThe G. W. Hooper Foundation.\u201d The Hooper Newsletter, Winter. AR 91-30. UCSF Library, Archives and Special Collections, George Williams Hooper Administrative Records 1882\u20131958, AR 91-30."},{"issue":"3","key":"9430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400032435","volume":"35","author":"FM Burnet","year":"1935","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1935. \u201cPsittacosis Amongst Wild Australian Parrots.\u201d The Journal of Hygiene 35(3): 412\u2013420.","journal-title":"The Journal of Hygiene"},{"issue":"3915","key":"9430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3915.99","volume":"1","author":"FM Burnet","year":"1936","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1936a. \u201cInapparent Virus Infections.\u201d British Medical Journal 1(3915): 99\u2013103.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"9430_CR8","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1936b. \u201cLetter to Meyer,\u201d 17 February. BANC 76\/42cz, Box 91."},{"key":"9430_CR9","volume-title":"Biological Aspects of Infectious Disease","author":"FM Burnet","year":"1940","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1940. Biological Aspects of Infectious Disease. Cambridge:University Press."},{"key":"9430_CR10","volume-title":"Virus as Organism: Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Some Human Virus Diseases","author":"FM Burnet","year":"1945","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1945. Virus as Organism: Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Some Human Virus Diseases. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"9430_CR11","volume-title":"Natural History of Infectious Disease","author":"FM Burnet","year":"1953","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M. 1953. Natural History of Infectious Disease. Cambridge:Cambrdge University Press."},{"key":"9430_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnet, F. M., and J. MacNamara. J. 1936. \u201cHuman Psittacosis in Australia.\u201d Medical Journal of Australia, (18 July, 1936): 84\u201388 (p. 88).","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1936.tb77631.x"},{"key":"9430_CR13","unstructured":"Carter, W. E, and Vernon Link. 1956. \u201cUnpublished biography of Karl F. Meyer and related papers, written and compiled by William E. Carter and Vernon B. Link, 1956\u20131963\u201d. UCSF Library, Archives and Special Collections. MSS 63-1."},{"key":"9430_CR14","unstructured":"Chapin, Charles V. 1910. The Sources and Modes of Infection. 1st ed. New York, London: Wiley\/Chapman & Hall."},{"key":"9430_CR15","unstructured":"Cooper, J. E. 1998. \u201cOf Microbes and Men: A Scientific Biography of Ren\u00e9 Jules Dubos.\u201d Unpublished PhD thesis, Rutgers University."},{"key":"9430_CR16","volume-title":"Elton\u2019s Ecologists: A History of the Bureau of Animal Population","author":"P Crowcroft","year":"1991","unstructured":"Crowcroft, P. 1991. Elton\u2019s Ecologists: A History of the Bureau of Animal Population. Chicago:University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"9430_CR17","unstructured":"Cumpston, J. H. L. 1934. \u201cLetter to K. F. Meyer,\u201d 2 February. BANC 76\/42 cz, Box 91."},{"key":"9430_CR18","unstructured":"De Kruif, P. 1950. \u201cChampion Among Microbe Hunters.\u201d Reader\u2019s Digest, pp. 35\u201340."},{"key":"9430_CR19","volume-title":"Suppressing the Diseases of Animals and Man: Theobald Smith, Microbiologist","author":"CE Dolman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dolman, C. E. 2003. Suppressing the Diseases of Animals and Man: Theobald Smith, Microbiologist. Boston: Boston Medical Library."},{"issue":"5","key":"9430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0555-31","volume":"192","author":"RJ Dubos","year":"1955","unstructured":"Dubos, R. J. 1955. \u201cSecond Thoughts on Germ Theory.\u201d Scientific American 192(5): 31\u201335.","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"issue":"4","key":"9430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1958.0025","volume":"1","author":"RJ Dubos","year":"1958","unstructured":"Dubos, R. J. 1958. \u201cInfection Into Disease.\u201d Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 1(4): 425\u2013435.","journal-title":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"9430_CR22","volume-title":"Sanford S. Elberg: Graduate Education and Microbiology at the University of California, Berkeley, 1930\u20131989: Interviews","author":"SS Elberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elberg, S. S. 1990. Sanford S. Elberg: Graduate Education and Microbiology at the University of California, Berkeley, 1930\u20131989: Interviews. Berkeley, CA:University of California."},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400008652","volume":"24","author":"CS Elton","year":"1925","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1925. \u201cPlague and the Regulation of Numbers in Wild Mammals.\u201d The Journal of Hygiene 24(2): 138\u2013163.","journal-title":"The Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"9430_CR106","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1927. Animal Ecology. London: Sidgwick and Jackson."},{"key":"9430_CR24","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1938a. \u201cTypescript diary of visit to Canada and USA, 29 August\u201417 October 1938.\u201d Charles Sutherland Elton Papers and Correspondence (1900-91), Bodleian Science Library, NCUAS 39.1.93\/C.1-C.57\/C.24."},{"key":"9430_CR25","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1938b. \u201cNotes on Sylvatic Plague Research in the United States, Report by Charles Elton to Dr Karl F. Meyer, on a visit to California, 2\u20138 October 1938.\u201d BANC 76\/42cz, Box 45."},{"key":"9430_CR26","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1938c. \u201cTranslations of Russian Publications.\u201d BANC 76\/42cz, Box 83."},{"key":"9430_CR27","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1939. \u201cLetter to Karl Meyer,\u201d 3 January. BANC 76\/42cz, Box 45."},{"key":"9430_CR28","unstructured":"Elton, C. S. 1966 [1933]. The Ecology of Animals. 3rd ed. London: Methuen."},{"key":"9430_CR29","volume-title":"Plague in the Western Part of the United States","author":"CR Eskey","year":"1940","unstructured":"Eskey, C. R., Hass, V. H., Good, Newell E. 1940. Plague in the Western Part of the United States. Washington, D.C.:Federal Security Agency, U.S. Public Health Service."},{"key":"9430_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, E. E. 2003. \u201cResolution of Respect, Francis C. Evans, 1941\u20132002.\u201d Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 84(2): 58\u201359.","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9623(2003)84[58:RORFCE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"9430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(03)00099-0","volume":"18","author":"PW Ewald","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ewald, P. W. 2004. \u201cEvolution of Virulence.\u201d Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 18: 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"},{"key":"9430_CR32","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Framing Disease: Studies in Cultural History","author":"J Farley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Farley, J. 1992. \u201cParasites and the Germ Theory of Disease.\u201d C. E. Rosenberg, J. L. Golden (eds.), Framing Disease: Studies in Cultural History. New Brunswick, N.J:Rutgers University Press, pp. 33\u201349."},{"key":"9430_CR33","author":"U Gessner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gessner, U. 2014. \u201cKarl Friedrich Meyer (1884\u20131974): His Ambitions, Approach and Achievements.\u201d Journal of Medical Biography. doi: 10.1177\/0967772013506805 .","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Biography"},{"key":"9430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801893131","volume-title":"Laboratory Disease: Robert Koch\u2019s Medical Bacteriology","author":"C Gradmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gradmann, C. 2009. Laboratory Disease: Robert Koch\u2019s Medical Bacteriology. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2010.04.012","volume":"41","author":"C Gradmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gradmann, C. 2010. \u201cRobert Koch and the invention of the carrier state: tropical medicine, veterinary infections and epidemiology around 1900.\u201d Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science Part C 41(3): 232\u2013240.","journal-title":"Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science Part C"},{"key":"9430_CR36","unstructured":"Griffiths, T., and L. Robin (eds). 1997. Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies. Edinburgh: Keele University Press."},{"issue":"2440","key":"9430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.94.2440.328","volume":"94","author":"W McD Hammon","year":"1941","unstructured":"Hammon, W. Mc. D., Reeves, William C., Brookman, Bernard, et al. 1941. \u201cIsolation of the Viruses of Western Equine and St. Louis Encephalitis from Culex Tarsalis Mosquitoes.\u201d Science 94(2440): 328\u2013330.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9932","key":"9430_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60905-3","volume":"383","author":"M Honigsbaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Honigsbaum, M. 2014. \u201cIn Search of Sick Parrots: Karl Friedrich Meyer, disease detective.\u201d The Lancet 383(9932): 1880\u20131881.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9430_CR40","first-page":"5","volume":"43","author":"LH Kahn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kahn, L. H., Kaplan, B., Steele, J. H. 2007. \u201cConfronting Zoonoses through Closer Collaboration between Medicine and Veterinary Medicine (as \u201cOne Medicine\u201d).\u201d Veterinaria Italiana 43(1): 5\u201319.","journal-title":"Veterinaria Italiana"},{"key":"9430_CR39","first-page":"767","volume":"82","author":"Major R A Kelser","year":"1933","unstructured":"Kelser, Major R. A. 1933. \u201cMosquitoes as Vectors of the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis.\u201d Journal of American Veterinary Medicine 82: 767.","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"9430_CR41","volume-title":"Modelling Nature: Episodes in the History of Population Ecology","author":"SE Kingsland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kingsland, S. E. 1995. Modelling Nature: Episodes in the History of Population Ecology, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.287","volume":"288","author":"J Lederberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lederberg, J. 2000. \u201cInfectious History.\u201d Science 288: 287\u2013293.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9430_CR44","unstructured":"Ledingham, J. C. G. 1912. The Carrier Problem in Infectious Diseases. International Medical Monographs. London, New York: Edward Arnold\/Longmans, Green."},{"key":"9430_CR45","volume-title":"Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levinson, W. (ed.). 2008. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. New York:McGraw Hill Professional."},{"key":"9430_CR47","unstructured":"Mendelsohn, J. A. 1996. Cultures of Bacteriology: Formation and Transformation of a Science in France and Germany, 1870\u20131914. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan."},{"key":"9430_CR48","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Greater Than The Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1921\u20131950","author":"JA Mendelsohn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mendelsohn, J. A. 1998. \u201cFrom Eradication to Equilibrium: How Epidemics became Complex after World War I.\u201d C. Lawrence, G. Weisz (eds.), Greater Than The Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1921\u20131950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 303\u2013331."},{"key":"9430_CR49","unstructured":"McCoy, G. W. 1911. Studies upon Plague in Ground Squirrels (in Four Parts): II. A Plague-like Disease of Rodents. Public Health Bulletin, 43. Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office."},{"issue":"4","key":"9430_CR50","first-page":"561","volume":"34","author":"P-O M\u00e9thot","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00e9thot, P.-O. 2012. \u201cWhy Do Parasites Harm Their Host? On the Origin and Legacy of Theobald Smith\u2019s \u201cLaw of Declining Virulence\u201d 1900\u20131980.\u201d History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 34(4): 561\u2013601.","journal-title":"History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"9430_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(09)80048-9","volume":"22","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1909","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1909. \u201cPreliminary note on the transmission of East Coast fever to cattle by intraperitoneal inoculation of the spleen or portions of the spleen to a sick animal.\u201d Journal of Comparative Pathology & Therapy 22(3): 213\u2013217.","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology & Therapy"},{"key":"9430_CR52","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1909\u201310. \u201cNotes on the nature of Koch\u2019s granules and their role in the pathogenesis of East Coast Fever.\u201d Union of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Report on the Government Veterinary Bacteriologist for the year 1909\u20131910, Pretoria: The Government Printing and Stationery Office, pp. 56\u201368."},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR53","first-page":"52","volume":"14","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1911","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1911. \u201cPiroplasma (The Development of Piroplasma Parvum); the Cause of East Coast Fever in South Africa.\u201d Proceedings Pathological Society Philadelphia 14(2): 52\u201353.","journal-title":"Proceedings Pathological Society Philadelphia"},{"issue":"1","key":"9430_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/36.1.1","volume":"36","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1925","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1925. \u201cThe \u2018Bacterial Symbiosis\u2019 in the Concretion Deposits of Certain Operculate Land Mollusks of the Families Cyclostomatidae and Annulariidae.\u201d Journal of Infectious Diseases 36(1): 1\u2013107.","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"14\u201315","key":"9430_CR55","first-page":"234","volume":"8","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1931","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1931. \u201cThe Animal Kingdom\u2014A Reservoir of Disease.\u201d Proceedings of Internal Medicine Chicago 8(14\u201315): 234\u2013261.","journal-title":"Proceedings of Internal Medicine Chicago"},{"key":"9430_CR56","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1932. \u201cPsittacosis Meeting.\u201d Los Angeles, California, 2 March. BANC 76\/42 cz, Box 89."},{"key":"9430_CR57","first-page":"30","volume":"14","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1933","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1933. \u201cEquine Encephalomyelitis.\u201d North American Veterinarian 14: 30\u201348.","journal-title":"North American Veterinarian"},{"key":"9430_CR58","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1934a. \u201cEquine Encephalomyletis in 1933.\u201d Animal Pathology Exchange, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois. BANC 76\/42cz, Box 62."},{"key":"9430_CR59","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1934b \u201cLetter to J.H.L. Cumpston,\u201d 2 February. BANC 76\/42 cz, Box 91."},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.31.2.109-135.1936","volume":"31","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1936","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1936a. \u201cLatent Infections.\u201d Journal of Bacteriology 31(2): 109\u2013135.","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"9430_CR61","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1936b \u201cLetter to F. M. Burnet,\u201d 21 July. BANC 76\/42cz, Box 91."},{"key":"9430_CR62","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1936c. \u201cInstructional Short Course on Sylvatic Plague.\u201d BANC 76\/42cz, Box 88."},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR63","first-page":"333","volume":"37","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1937","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1937. \u201cWhy Epidemics.\u201d U.S. Naval.\u201c Bulletin 37(2): 333\u2013351.","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"9430_CR64","first-page":"91","volume":"35","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1939","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1939. \u201cThe Host-Parasite Relationship in the Heterogeneous Infection Chains.\u201d Harvey Society New York Lectures 35: 91\u2013134.","journal-title":"Harvey Society New York Lectures"},{"issue":"2441","key":"9430_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1126\/science.94.2441.346","volume":"94","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1941","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1941. \u201cInfectious Disease.\u201d Science 94(2441): 346\u2013358.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194205010-00002","volume":"21","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1942","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1942a. \u201cThe Ecology of Plague.\u201d Medicine 21(2): 143\u2013174.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194205010-00003","volume":"21","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1942","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1942b. \u201cThe Ecology of Psittacosis and Ornithosis.\u201d Medicine 21(2): 175\u2013205.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"9430_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1957.6.341","volume":"6","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1957","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1957a. \u201cAcceptance of the Walter Reed Medal.\u201d The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 6(2): 341\u2013346.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"9430_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1957b. \u201cThe Natural History of Plague and Psittacosis.\u201d Public Health Reports (1896\u20131970) 72(8): 705\u2013719.","DOI":"10.2307\/4589874"},{"key":"9430_CR70","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1960. \u201cThe WHO\u2014A Force in Human Ecology.\u201d Unpublished draft. BANC 76\/42cz. Box 45."},{"key":"9430_CR72","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F. 1976. Medical Research and Public Health. An Interview conducted by Edna Tartaul Daniel in 1961 and 1962 sponsored by the University of California and The National Library of Medicine. Berkeley, CA.: The Regents of the University of California."},{"key":"9430_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-30-6539","volume":"30","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1933","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F., and B. Eddie. 1933. \u201cLatent Psittacosis Infections in Shell Parakeets.\u201d Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 30: 484\u2013488.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"9430_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-31-7374C","volume":"31","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1934","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F., Eddie, B. 1934. \u201cPsittacosis in Native Australian Budgerigars.\u201d Proceedings Society Experimental Biology and Medicine 31(8): 917\u2013920.","journal-title":"Proceedings Society Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"9430_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.25.5.571","volume":"25","author":"KF Meyer","year":"1935","unstructured":"Meyer, K. F., Eddie, B., Stevens, I.M. 1935. \u201cRecent Studies on Psittacosis.\u201d American Journal of Public Health 25(5): 571\u2013579.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"9430_CR78","volume-title":"The State of Nature: Ecology, Community and American Social Thought, 1900-1950","author":"G Mitman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mitman, G. 1992. The State of Nature: Ecology, Community and American Social Thought, 1900\u20131950. Chicago: Chicago University Press."},{"key":"9430_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817565","volume-title":"Ren\u00e9 Dubos, Friend of the Good Earth: Microbiologist, Medical Scientist, Environmentalist","author":"CL Moberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moberg, C. L. 2005. Ren\u00e9 Dubos, Friend of the Good Earth: Microbiologist, Medical Scientist, Environmentalist. Washington, D.C: ASM Press."},{"key":"9430_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520939998","volume-title":"Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge","author":"L Nash","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nash, L. 2006. Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press."},{"key":"9430_CR82","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Ecology","author":"EP Odum","year":"1959","unstructured":"Odum, E. P. 1959. Fundamentals of Ecology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9430_CR83","volume-title":"Plague: The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of The world\u2019s Most Dangerous Disease","author":"W Orent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orent, W. 2004. Plague: The Mysterious Past and Terrifying Future of The World\u2019s Most Dangerous Disease. New York: Free Press."},{"key":"9430_CR84","unstructured":"Parker, R. R. 1936. \u201cTentative Outline for Research on the Epizootiology of Sylvatic Plague in the Rocky Mountain Region and Adjacent Areas.\u201d BANC 76\/42cz, Box 83, \u201cPlague Studies\u201d."},{"key":"9430_CR85","volume-title":"Natural Nidality of Transmissible Diseases: With Special reference to the Landscape Epidemiology of Zooanthroponoses","author":"EN Pavlovsky","year":"1966","unstructured":"Pavlovsky, E. N. 1966. Natural Nidality of Transmissible Diseases: With Special reference to the Landscape Epidemiology of Zooanthroponoses. Urbana: University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"9430_CR86","unstructured":"Reeves, W. C. 1993. Arbovirologist and Professor, UC Berkeley School of Public Health. University History Series. Berkeley, CA: University of California."},{"key":"9430_CR87","unstructured":"Reeves, W. C., and W. McD. Hammon. 1962. Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943\u20131952. University of California Publications in Public health. Vol. 4, Berkeley: University of California Press."},{"key":"9430_CR88","volume-title":"Karl Friedrich Meyer, 1884\u20131974, A Biographical Memoir","author":"AD Sabin","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sabin, A. D. 1980. Karl Friedrich Meyer, 1884\u20131974, A Biographical Memoir. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, National Academy Press."},{"key":"9430_CR90","volume-title":"Human Infection Carriers: Their Significance, Recognition and Management","author":"CE Simon","year":"1919","unstructured":"Simon, C. E. 1919. Human Infection Carriers: Their Significance, Recognition and Management. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger."},{"key":"9430_CR91","unstructured":"Smith, T. 1981 [1903]. \u201cPresidential Address to the Society of American Bacteriologists, Philadelphia, 29\u201330 December, 1903.\u201d ASM News 47: 231\u2013235."},{"issue":"520","key":"9430_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1126\/science.20.520.817","volume":"20","author":"T Smith","year":"1904","unstructured":"Smith, T. 1904. \u201cSome Problems in the Life History of Pathogenic Microorganisms.\u201d Science 20(520): 817\u2013832.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9430_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1126\/science.54.1388.99","volume":"54","author":"T Smith","year":"1921","unstructured":"Smith, T. 1921. \u201cParasitism as a Factor in Disease.\u201d Science 54: 99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9430_CR94","volume-title":"Parasitism and Disease","author":"T Smith","year":"1934","unstructured":"Smith, T. 1934. Parasitism and Disease. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"issue":"19","key":"9430_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1086\/649392","volume":"2","author":"H Tilley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tilley, H. 2004. \u201cEcologies of Complexity: Tropical Environments, African Trypanosomiasis, and the Science of Disease Control in British Colonial Africa, 1900\u20131940.\u201d Osiris 2(19): 21\u201338.","journal-title":"Osiris"},{"key":"9430_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.03.110172.000543","volume":"3","author":"JH Vandermeer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Vandermeer, J. H. 1972. \u201cNiche Theory.\u201d Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3: 107\u2013132.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"9430_CR98","unstructured":"Vishelessky, S. N, Glecker, N. E. and Bouchnev, K. N. 1934. \u201cThe Equine Encephalomyelitis of Horse.\u201d Veterinary Research Institute, Moscow. BANC 76\/42cz, Box 62."},{"key":"9430_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Way, A. G. 2015. \u201cThe Invisible and Indeterminable Value of Ecology: From Malaria Control to Ecological Research in the American South.\u201d Isis 106(2):310\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1086\/681978"},{"key":"9430_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/5.5.485","volume":"5","author":"WB Wherry","year":"1908","unstructured":"Wherry, W. B. 1908. \u201cPlague among the Ground Squirrels of California.\u201d The Journal of Infectious Diseases 5: 485\u2013506.","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"9430_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1017\/CHOL9780521332866.082","volume-title":"The Cambridge World History of Human Disease","author":"L Wilkinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkinson, L. 1993. \u201cBrucellosis.\u201d Kenneth F. Kiple (ed.), The Cambridge World History of Human Disease. Cambridge; NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 625\u2013628."},{"issue":"26","key":"9430_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.g3678","volume":"174","author":"A Woods","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woods, A., Bresalier, M. 2014. \u201cOne Health, Many Histories.\u201d Veterinary Record 174(26): 650\u2013654.","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"9430_CR102","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion","author":"M Worboys","year":"1988","unstructured":"Worboys, M. 1988. \u201cManson, Ross and Colonial Medical Policy: Tropical Medicine in London and Liverpool, 1899\u20131914.\u201d R. M. MacLeod, JL Milton (eds.), Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion. London: Routledge, pp. 21\u201337."},{"key":"9430_CR103","unstructured":"Worster, D. 1994. Nature\u2019s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. 2nd ed. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9430_CR104","unstructured":"Zabusky, A. N. 1986. \u201cEcological Odyssey: The Intellectual Development of Ren\u00e9 J. Dubos.\u201d Unpublished MA thesis, Harvard University."},{"issue":"3","key":"9430_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.3.636","volume":"9","author":"H Zinsser","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zinsser, H. 1987. \u201cBiographical Memoir of Theobald Smith, 1859\u20131934.\u201d Reviews of Infectious Diseases 9(3): 636\u2013654.","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Journal of the History of Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T15:25:46Z","timestamp":1748705146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10739-015-9430-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5010","1573-0387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5010","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]}}}