{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:30:47Z","timestamp":1776713447726,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,20]],"date-time":"2008-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Fail Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,19]],"date-time":"2008-03-19T16:20:15Z","timestamp":1205943615000},"page":"209-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) pharmacogenomics: implications in heart failure management"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Beitelshees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Issam","family":"Zineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"9092_CR1","unstructured":"Hospitalization in the United States (1997) HCUP Fact Book No 1. AHRQ Publication No. 00-0031, May 2000. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http:\/\/ www.ahrq.gov\/data\/hcup\/factbk1"},{"issue":"23","key":"9092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010713","volume":"345","author":"JN Cohn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cohn JN, Tognoni G (2001) A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 345(23):1667\u20131675","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9386","key":"9092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14283-3","volume":"362","author":"JJ McMurray","year":"2003","unstructured":"McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, Michelson EL et\u00a0al (2003) Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 362(9386):767\u2013771","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"9092_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032292","volume":"349","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Rouleau JL, Kober L, Maggioni AP et\u00a0al (2003) Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 349(20):1893\u20131906","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"9092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.11.1417","volume":"7","author":"I Zineh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zineh I, Johnson JA (2006) Pharmacogenetics of chronic cardiovascular drugs: applications and implications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 7(11):1417\u20131427","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"9092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114844","volume":"86","author":"B Rigat","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Cambien F, Corvol P, Soubrier F (1990) An insertion\/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest 86(4):1343\u20131346","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"9092_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2900033","volume":"290","author":"O Costerousse","year":"1993","unstructured":"Costerousse O, Allegrini J, Lopez M, Alhenc-Gelas F (1993) Angiotensin I-converting enzyme in human circulating mononuclear cells: genetic polymorphism of expression in T-lymphocytes. Biochem J 290(Pt 1):33\u201340","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"6396","key":"9092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/359641a0","volume":"359","author":"F Cambien","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, Evans A, Cambou JP, Arveiler D et\u00a0al (1992) Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 359(6396):641\u2013644","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"9092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000223145.74217.e7","volume":"98","author":"FA Sayed-Tabatabaei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayed-Tabatabaei FA, Oostra BA, Isaacs A, van Duijn CM, Witteman JC (2006) ACE polymorphisms. Circ Res 98(9):1123\u20131133","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000111830.36999.94","volume":"43","author":"CM Kammerer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kammerer CM, Gouin N, Samollow PB, VandeBerg JF, Hixson JE, Cole SA et\u00a0al (2004) Two quantitative trait loci affect ACE activities in Mexican\u2013Americans. Hypertension 43(2):466\u2013470","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"7","key":"9092_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119343","volume":"99","author":"I Inoue","year":"1997","unstructured":"Inoue I, Nakajima T, Williams CS, Quackenbush J, Puryear R, Powers M et\u00a0al (1997) A nucleotide substitution in the promoter of human angiotensinogen is associated with essential hypertension and affects basal transcription in vitro. J Clin Invest 99(7):1786\u20131797","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.2.0598","volume":"15","author":"MM Martin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin MM, Willardson BM, Burton GF, White CR, McLaughlin JN, Bray SM et\u00a0al (2001) Human angiotensin II type 1 receptor isoforms encoded by messenger RNA splice variants are functionally distinct. Mol Endocrinol 15(2):281\u2013293","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s001099900049","volume":"77","author":"C Warnecke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Warnecke C, Surder D, Curth R, Fleck E, Regitz-Zagrosek V (1999) Analysis and functional characterization of alternatively spliced angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptor transcripts in the human heart. J Mol Med 77(10):718\u2013727","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20454","volume":"28","author":"MR Abdollahi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abdollahi MR, Lewis RM, Gaunt TR, Cumming DV, Rodriguez S, Rose-Zerilli M et\u00a0al (2007) Quantitated transcript haplotypes (QTH) of AGTR1, reduced abundance of mRNA haplotypes containing 1166C (rs5186:A>C), and relevance to metabolic syndrome traits. Hum Mutat 28(4):365\u2013373","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"9092_CR15","first-page":"134","volume":"99","author":"CC Lung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lung CC, Chan EK, Zuraw BL (1997) Analysis of an exon 1 polymorphism of the B2 bradykinin receptor gene and its transcript in normal subjects and patients with C1 inhibitor deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 99(1 Pt 1):134\u2013146","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0280125","volume":"28","author":"MH Bassett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bassett MH, Zhang Y, Clyne C, White PC, Rainey WE (2002) Differential regulation of aldosterone synthase and 11beta-hydroxylase transcription by steroidogenic factor-1. J Mol Endocrinol 28(2):125\u2013135","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.2.240","volume":"84","author":"MA Lee-Kirsch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee-Kirsch MA, Gaudet F, Cardoso MC, Lindpaintner K (1999) Distinct renin isoforms generated by tissue-specific transcription initiation and alternative splicing. Circ Res 84(2):240\u2013246","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"9092_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.08.048","volume":"44","author":"DM McNamara","year":"2004","unstructured":"McNamara DM, Holubkov R, Postava L, Janosko K, MacGowan GA, Mathier M et\u00a0al (2004) Pharmacogenetic interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy and the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 44(10):2019\u20132026","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.020","volume":"99","author":"J Shin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shin J, Lobmeyer MT, Gong Y, Zineh I, Langaee TY, Yarandi H et\u00a0al (2007) Relation of beta(2)-adrenoceptor haplotype to risk of death and heart transplantation in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 99(2):250\u2013255","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000163143.66965.06","volume":"23","author":"W Spiering","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiering W, Kroon AA, Fuss-Lejeune MJ, de Leeuw PW (2005) Genetic contribution to the acute effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. J Hypertens 23(4):753\u2013758","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"9092_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41168.x","volume":"100","author":"S Sookoian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sookoian S, Castano G, Garcia SI, Viudez P, Gonzalez C, Pirola CJ (2005) A1166C angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism may predict hemodynamic response to losartan in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol 100(3):636\u2013642","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP64358","volume":"64","author":"M Nakayama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakayama M, Nakano H, Tsuboi N, Kurosawa T, Tsuruta Y, Iwasaki Y et\u00a0al (2005) The effect of angiotensin receptor blockade ARB on the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients: comparison between patients with D allele and non-D allele ACE gene polymorphism. Clin Nephrol 64(5):358\u2013363","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200303000-00029","volume":"21","author":"P Hallberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hallberg P, Lind L, Michaelsson K, Karlsson J, Kurland L, Kahan T et\u00a0al (2003) B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR) polymorphism and change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial. J Hypertens 21(3):621\u2013624","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"9092_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.11.005","volume":"12","author":"A. HFSA Heart Failure Society Of","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heart Failure Society Of A. HFSA 2006 (2006) Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. J Card Fail 12(1):e1\u2013e2","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"9092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01237-2","volume":"37","author":"M Cicoira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cicoira M, Zanolla L, Rossi A, Golia G, Franceschini L, Cabrini G et\u00a0al (2001) Failure of aldosterone suppression despite angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor administration in chronic heart failure is associated with ACE DD genotype. J Am Coll Cardiol 37(7):1808\u20131812","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.033","volume":"116","author":"M Cicoira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cicoira M, Rossi A, Bonapace S, Zanolla L, Perrot A, Francis DP et\u00a0al (2004) Effects of ACE gene insertion\/deletion polymorphism on response to spironolactone in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Med 116(10):657\u2013661","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(97)00121-0","volume":"10","author":"N Ohmichi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ohmichi N, Iwai N, Uchida Y, Shichiri G, Nakamura Y, Kinoshita M (1997) Relationship between the response to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril and the angiotensin converting enzyme genotype. Am J Hypertens 10(8):951\u2013955","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"9092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007820401377","volume":"14","author":"GA Stavroulakis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stavroulakis GA, Makris TK, Krespi PG, Hatzizacharias AN, Gialeraki AE, Anastasiadis G et\u00a0al (2000) Predicting response to chronic antihypertensive treatment with fosinopril: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 14(4):427\u2013432","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"20","key":"9092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.20.2148","volume":"98","author":"S Ueda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ueda S, Meredith PA, Morton JJ, Connell JM, Elliott HL (1998) ACE (I\/D) genotype as a predictor of the magnitude and duration of the response to an ACE inhibitor drug (enalaprilat) in humans. Circulation 98(20):2148\u20132153","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"9092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.504639","volume":"111","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnett DK, Davis BR, Ford CE, Boerwinkle E, Leiendecker-Foster C, Miller MB et\u00a0al (2005) Pharmacogenetic association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion\/deletion polymorphism on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in relation to antihypertensive treatment: the Genetics of Hypertension-Associated Treatment (GenHAT) study. Circulation 111(25):3374\u20133383","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"9092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000088322.85804.96","volume":"42","author":"SB Harrap","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harrap SB, Tzourio C, Cambien F, Poirier O, Raoux S, Chalmers J et\u00a0al (2003) The ACE gene I\/D polymorphism is not associated with the blood pressure and cardiovascular benefits of ACE inhibition. Hypertension 42(3):297\u2013303","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100214","volume":"82","author":"X Fan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fan X, Wang Y, Sun K, Zhang W, Yang X, Wang S et\u00a0al (2007) Polymorphisms of ACE2 gene are associated with essential hypertension and antihypertensive effects of Captopril in women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 82(2):187\u2013196","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"9092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642058","volume":"115","author":"X Su","year":"2007","unstructured":"Su X, Lee L, Li X, Lv J, Hu Y, Zhan S et\u00a0al (2007) Association between angiotensinogen, angiotensin II receptor genes, and blood pressure response to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Circulation 115(6):725\u2013732","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"9092_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2006.02.007","volume":"79","author":"HM Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu HM, Lin SG, Liu GZ, Zhang YQ, Ma WJ, Deng CY (2006) Associations between CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms and the response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79(6):581\u2013589","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"9092_CR35","unstructured":"Risch N, Burchard E, Ziv E, Tang H (2002) Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease. Genome Biol 3(7):comment 2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"9092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(03)00163-6","volume":"5","author":"JN Cohn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K, Straub M et\u00a0al (2003) Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure (MOXCON). Eur J Heart Fail 5(5):659\u2013667","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"8","key":"9092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.8.1044","volume":"103","author":"B Bozkurt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bozkurt B, Torre-Amione G, Warren MS, Whitmore J, Soran OZ, Feldman AM et\u00a0al (2001) Results of targeted anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy with etanercept (ENBREL) in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 103(8):1044\u20131047","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"9092_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.16.1963","volume":"291","author":"M Gheorghiade","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gheorghiade M, Gattis WA, O\u2019Connor CM, Adams KF Jr, Elkayam U, Barbagelata A et\u00a0al (2004) Effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291(16):1963\u20131971","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"9092_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.12.1332","volume":"297","author":"M Gheorghiade","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gheorghiade M, Konstam MA, Burnett JC Jr, Grinfeld L, Maggioni AP, Swedberg K et\u00a0al (2007) Short-term clinical effects of tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized for heart failure: the EVEREST Clinical Status Trials. JAMA 297(12):1332\u20131343","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"9092_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2219","volume":"6","author":"DM Kaye","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaye DM, Krum H (2007) Drug discovery for heart failure: a new era or the end of the pipeline? Nat Rev Drug Discov 6(2):127\u2013139","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"9","key":"9092_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1432","volume":"5","author":"AD Roses","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roses AD (2004) Pharmacogenetics and drug development: the path to safer and more effective drugs. Nat Rev Genet 5(9):645\u2013656","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"9092_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS) (1987) The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 316(23):1429\u20131435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301"}],"container-title":["Heart Failure Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T23:01:17Z","timestamp":1559257277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10741-008-9092-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-4147","1573-7322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-4147","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,20]]}}}