{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1770272789057,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Heart Fail Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]],"date-time":"2015-09-24T16:24:34Z","timestamp":1443111874000},"page":"643-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): an integrated and strategic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Lekavich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Barksdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Neelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"9506_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","volume":"62","author":"CW Yancy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, Fonarow GC, Geraci SA, Horwich T, Januzzi JL, Johnson MR, Kasper EK, Levy WC, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, McMurray JJ, Mitchell JE, Peterson PN, Riegel B, Sam F, Stevenson LW, Tang WH, Tsai EJ, Wilkoff BL (2013) 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(16):e147\u2013e239. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"9506_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.072","volume":"62","author":"CM Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong CM, Hawkins NM, Jhund PS, MacDonald MR, Solomon SD, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Petrie MC, McMurray JJ (2013) Clinical characteristics and outcomes of young and very young adults with heart failure: the CHARM programme (Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity). J Am Coll Cardiol 62(20):1845\u20131854. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.072","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9506_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052256","volume":"355","author":"TE Owan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM (2006) Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 355:251\u2013259","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9506_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000152","volume":"131","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB (2015) Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131(4):e29\u2013e322. doi: 10.1161\/cir.0000000000000152","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"9506_CR5","first-page":"24","volume":"1","author":"W AlJaroudi","year":"2012","unstructured":"AlJaroudi W, Alraies MC, Halley C, Rodbriguez I, Grim RA, Thomas JD, Jaber WA (2012) Impact of progression of diastolic dysfunction on mortality in patients with normal ejection fraction. Circulation 1(24):24\u201330","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9506_CR6","author":"JD Gladden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gladden JD, Linke WA, Redfield MM (2014) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Pflugers Arch. doi: 10.1007\/s00424-014-1480-8","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"9506_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.972265","volume":"5","author":"WC Little","year":"2012","unstructured":"Little WC, Zile MR (2012) HFpEF: cardiovascular abnormalities not just comorbidities. Circ Heart Fail 5(6):669\u2013671. doi: 10.1161\/circheartfailure.112.972265","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"9506_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2011.06.004","volume":"29","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Kass DA (2011) Ventricular-vascular interaction in heart failure. Cardiol Clin 29(3):447\u2013459. doi: 10.1016\/j.ccl.2011.06.004","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"9506_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.212787","volume":"97","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Jaber WA, Ommen SR, Lam CS, Redfield MM, Nishimura RA (2011) Diastolic relaxation and compliance reserve during dynamic exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart 97(12):964\u2013969. doi: 10.1136\/hrt.2010.212787","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"9506_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.077","volume":"56","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Olson TP, Lam CS, Flood KS, Lerman A, Johnson BD, Redfield MM (2010) Global cardiovascular reserve dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 56(11):845\u2013854. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.077","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9506_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.092","volume":"62","author":"WJ Paulus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paulus WJ, Tschope C (2013) A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(4):263\u2013271. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.092","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9506_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03878.x","volume":"6","author":"TG Pickering","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pickering TG (2004) Reflections in hypertension: heart failure and hypertension: the diastolic dilemma. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 6(11):647\u2013650","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"6","key":"9506_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq426","volume":"32","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Paulus WJ (2011) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Eur Heart J 32(6):670\u2013679. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq426","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"9506_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/2211-4122.127408","volume":"23","author":"F Antonini-Canterin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonini-Canterin F, Poli S, Vriz O, Pavan D, Bello V, Nicolosi G (2013) The ventricular-arterial coupling: from basic pathophysiology to clinical application in the echocardiography laboratory. J Cardiovas Echocardiogr 23(4):91\u201395. doi: 10.4103\/2211-4122.127408","journal-title":"J Cardiovas Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"9506_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs299","volume":"34","author":"CS Lam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lam CS, Shah AM, Borlaug BA, Cheng S, Verma A, Izzo J, Oparil S, Aurigemma GP, Thomas JD, Pitt B, Zile MR, Solomon SD (2013) Effect of antihypertensive therapy on ventricular-arterial mechanics, coupling, and efficiency. Eur Heart J 34(9):676\u2013683. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs299","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.023","volume":"22","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA, Waggoner AD, Flachskampf FA, Pellikka PA, Evangelista A (2009) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 22(2):107\u2013133. doi: 10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.023","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90850-Z","volume":"22","author":"DL Brutsaert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brutsaert DL, Sys SU, Gillebert TC (1993) Diastolic failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 22(1):318\u2013325","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9506_CR18","unstructured":"Libby PBE (2008) Braunwald\u2019s heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders\/Elsevier. Available via OCLC. http:\/\/catdir.loc.gov\/catdir\/toc\/ecip0712\/2007009890.html . Materials specified: Table of contents only http:\/\/catdir.loc.gov\/catdir\/toc\/ecip0712\/2007009890.html"},{"key":"9506_CR19","volume-title":"Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","author":"E Braunwald","year":"2001","unstructured":"Braunwald E, Zipes DPLP (2001) Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 6th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia","edition":"6"},{"issue":"20","key":"9506_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm037","volume":"28","author":"WJ Paulus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paulus WJ, Tschope C, Sanderson JE, Rusconi C, Flachskampf FA, Rademakers FE, Marino P, Smiseth OA, De Keulenaer G, Leite-Moreira AF, Borbely A, Edes I, Handoko ML, Heymans S, Pezzali N, Pieske B, Dickstein K, Fraser AG, Brutsaert DL (2007) How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 28(20):2539\u20132550. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm037","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90214-3","volume":"45","author":"P Hanrath","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hanrath P, Mathey DG, Siegert R, Bleifeld W (1980) Left ventricular relaxation and filling pattern in different forms of left ventricular hypertrophy: an echocardiographic study. Am J Cardiol 45(1):15\u201323","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9506_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966366","volume":"5","author":"SM Dunlay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Weston SA, Jiang R, Redfield MM (2012) Longitudinal changes in ejection fraction in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 5(6):720\u2013726. doi: 10.1161\/circheartfailure.111.966366","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"13","key":"9506_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.051","volume":"53","author":"CS Lam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lam CS, Roger VL, Rodeheffer RJ, Borlaug BA, Enders FT, Redfield MM (2009) Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(13):1119\u20131126. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.051","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.194","volume":"289","author":"MM Redfield","year":"2003","unstructured":"Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ (2003) Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA 289(2):194\u2013202","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9506_CR25","volume-title":"Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography","author":"C Otto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Otto C (2004) Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 3rd edn. Elseiver, Philadelphia","edition":"3"},{"key":"9506_CR26","volume-title":"Feigenbaum\u2019s echocardiography","author":"H Feigenbaum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feigenbaum H, Armstrong W, Ryan T (2005) Feigenbaum\u2019s echocardiography. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.930701","volume":"3","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Nishimura RA, Sorajja P, Lam CS, Redfield MM (2010) Exercise hemodynamics enhance diagnosis of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 3(5):588\u2013595. doi: 10.1161\/circheartfailure.109.930701","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"18","key":"9506_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.954388","volume":"123","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Redfield MM (2011) Diastolic and systolic heart failure are distinct phenotypes within the heart failure spectrum. Circulation 123(18):2006\u20132013. doi: 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.954388 (discussion 2014)","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048123.22359.A0","volume":"107","author":"M Kawaguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawaguchi M, Hay I, Fetics B, Kass DA (2003) Combined ventricular systolic and arterial stiffening in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: implications for systolic and diastolic reserve limitations. Circulation 107(5):714\u2013720","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2008.11.008","volume":"5","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Kass DA (2009) Invasive hemodynamic assessment in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 5(2):217\u2013228. doi: 10.1016\/j.hfc.2008.11.008","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.013","volume":"54","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Lam CS, Roger VL, Rodeheffer RJ, Redfield MM (2009) Contractility and ventricular systolic stiffening in hypertensive heart disease insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(5):410\u2013418. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9506_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01651-5","volume":"38","author":"CH Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen CH, Fetics B, Nevo E, Rochitte CE, Chiou KR, Ding PA, Kawaguchi M, Kass DA (2001) Noninvasive single-beat determination of left ventricular end-systolic elastance in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 38(7):2028\u20132034","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"9506_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.085","volume":"62","author":"B Ky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ky B, French B, May Khan A, Plappert T, Wang A, Chirinos JA, Fang JC, Sweitzer NK, Borlaug BA, Kass DA, St John Sutton M, Cappola TP (2013) Ventricular-arterial coupling, remodeling, and prognosis in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(13):1165\u20131172. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.085","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"9506_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.061","volume":"61","author":"M Ersboll","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ersboll M, Valeur N, Mogensen UM, Andersen MJ, Moller JE, Velazquez EJ, Hassager C, Sogaard P, Kober L (2013) Prediction of all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions from global left ventricular longitudinal strain in patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 61(23):2365\u20132373. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.061","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu277","volume":"16","author":"NE Hasselberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasselberg NE, Haugaa KH, Sarvari SI, Gullestad L, Andreassen AK, Smiseth OA, Edvardsen T (2015) Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with exercise capacity in failing hearts with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(2):217\u2013224. doi: 10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu277","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"9506_CR36","author":"H Yoon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yoon H, Alenezi F, Ersboll M, Khouri M, Samad Z, Velazquez E (2014) Global longitudinal strain is impaired in hospitalized acute heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. doi: 10.1016\/S0735-1097(14)60554-4","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9506_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.013","volume":"57","author":"N Mewton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mewton N, Liu CY, Croisille P, Bluemke D, Lima JA (2011) Assessment of myocardial fibrosis with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(8):891\u2013903. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9506_CR38","author":"CS Desai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desai CS, Haines P, Zamani P, Konda P, Shiva-Kumar P, Peddireddy S, Shekhar R, Jain S, Kers S, Ferrari V, Chirinos J (2014) Diffuse myocardial fibrosis is greatly elevated in males with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but not heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. doi: 10.1016\/S0735-1097(14)60967-0","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.080770","volume":"126","author":"BA Steinberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Steinberg BA, Zhao X, Heidenreich PA, Peterson ED, Bhatt DL, Cannon CP, Hernandez AF, Fonarow GC (2012) Trends in patients hospitalized with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence, therapies, and outcomes. Circulation 126(1):65\u201375. doi: 10.1161\/circulationaha.111.080770","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.050","volume":"49","author":"V Melenovsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Melenovsky V, Borlaug BA, Rosen B, Hay I, Ferruci L, Morell CH, Lakatta EG, Najjar SS, Kass DA (2007) Cardiovascular features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus nonfailing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in the urban Baltimore community: the role of atrial remodeling\/dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 49(2):198\u2013207. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.050","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9506_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001475","volume":"128","author":"R Zakeri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zakeri R, Chamberlain AM, Roger VL, Redfield MM (2013) Temporal relationship and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. Circulation 128(10):1085\u20131093. doi: 10.1161\/circulationaha.113.001475","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"9506_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.17.2118","volume":"101","author":"RS Vasan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vasan RS, Levy D (2000) Defining diastolic heart failure: a call for standardized diagnostic criteria. Circulation 101(17):2118\u20132121","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2005.02.007","volume":"47","author":"RF Yturralde","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yturralde RF, Gaasch WH (2005) Diagnostic criteria for diastolic heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 47(5):314\u2013319","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"9506_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1057","volume":"19","author":"European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure","year":"1998","unstructured":"European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure (1998) How to diagnose diastolic heart failure. Eur Heart J 19(7):990\u20131003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"26","key":"9506_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","volume":"285","author":"PA McKee","year":"1971","unstructured":"McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB (1971) The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med 285(26):1441\u20131446. doi: 10.1056\/nejm197112232852601","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9506_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.519876","volume":"112","author":"H Fukuta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fukuta H, Sane DC, Brucks S, Little WC (2005) Statin therapy may be associated with lower mortality in patients with diastolic heart failure: a preliminary report. Circulation 112(3):357\u2013363. doi: 10.1161\/circulationaha.104.519876","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013255","volume":"131","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Clausell N, Desai AS, Diaz R, Fleg JL, Gordeev I, Heitner JF, Lewis EF, O\u2019Meara E, Rouleau JL, Probstfield JL, Shaburishvili T, Shah SJ, Solomon SD, Sweitzer NK, McKinlay SM, Pitt B (2015) Regional variation in patients and outcomes in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. Circulation 131(1):34\u201342. doi: 10.1161\/circulationaha.114.013255","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.5.1201","volume":"95","author":"GA Haywood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haywood GA, Gullestad L, Katsuya T, Hutchinson HG, Pratt RE, Horiuchi M, Fowler MB (1997) AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptor gene expression in human heart failure. Circulation 95(5):1201\u20131206","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"9506_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl250","volume":"27","author":"JG Cleland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, Taylor J (2006) The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 27(19):2338\u20132345. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl250","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9386","key":"9506_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14285-7","volume":"362","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J (2003) Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 362(9386):777\u2013781. doi: 10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)14285-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.29","volume":"16","author":"JK Rogers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rogers JK, Pocock SJ, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Michelson EL, Ostergren J, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Yusuf S (2014) Analysing recurrent hospitalizations in heart failure: a review of statistical methodology, with application to CHARM-Preserved. Eur J Heart Fail 16(1):33\u201340. doi: 10.1002\/ejhf.29","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"23","key":"9506_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805450","volume":"359","author":"BM Massie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, Anderson S, Donovan M, Iverson E, Staiger C, Ptaszynska A (2008) Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 359(23):2456\u20132467. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0805450","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.062","volume":"59","author":"S Schwartzenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwartzenberg S, Redfield MM, From AM, Sorajja P, Nishimura RA, Borlaug BA (2012) Effects of vasodilation in heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction implications of distinct pathophysiologies on response to therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(5):442\u2013451. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.062","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9506_CR54","author":"DP Kao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kao DP, Lewsey JD, Anand IS, Massie BM, Zile MR, Carson PE, McKelvie RS, Komajda M, McMurray JJ, Lindenfeld J (2015) Characterization of subgroups of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction with possible implications for prognosis and treatment response. Eur J Heart Fail. doi: 10.1002\/ejhf.327","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"9506_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacubitril\/Valsartan (Entresto) for Heart Failure. JAMA 314(7):722\u2013723 (2015). doi: 10.1001\/jama.2015.9398","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9398"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.031","volume":"53","author":"AF Hernandez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hernandez AF, Hammill BG, O\u2019Connor CM, Schulman KA, Curtis LH, Fonarow GC (2009) Clinical effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure) Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(2):184\u2013192. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.031","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"9506_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000034047.70205.97","volume":"106","author":"C Indolfi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Indolfi C, Di Lorenzo E, Perrino C, Stingone AM, Curcio A, Torella D, Cittadini A, Cardone L, Coppola C, Cavuto L, Arcucci O, Sacca L, Avvedimento EV, Chiariello M (2002) Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor simvastatin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and inhibits p21ras activation. Circulation 106(16):2118\u20132124","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"9506_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065606.63163.B9","volume":"107","author":"RU Pliquett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pliquett RU, Cornish KG, Peuler JD, Zucker IH (2003) Simvastatin normalizes autonomic neural control in experimental heart failure. Circulation 107(19):2493\u20132498. doi: 10.1161\/01.cir.0000065606.63163.b9","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9233","key":"9506_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02690-8","volume":"356","author":"M Rauchhaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rauchhaus M, Coats AJ, Anker SD (2000) The endotoxin-lipoprotein hypothesis. Lancet 356(9233):930\u2013933. doi: 10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)02690-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"9506_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H768","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00826.2001","volume":"283","author":"K Bates","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bates K, Ruggeroli CE, Goldman S, Gaballa MA (2002) Simvastatin restores endothelial NO-mediated vasorelaxation in large arteries after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283(2):H768\u2013H775. doi: 10.1152\/ajpheart.00826.2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.824888","volume":"3","author":"S Chattopadhyay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay S, Alamgir MF, Nikitin NP, Rigby AS, Clark AL, Cleland JG (2010) Lack of diastolic reserve in patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 3(1):35\u201343. doi: 10.1161\/circheartfailure.108.824888","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"9506_CR62","author":"SF Mohammed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammed SF, Hussain S, Mirzoyev SA, Edwards WD, Maleszewski JJ, Redfield MM (2014) Coronary microvascular rarefaction and myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. doi: 10.1161\/circulationaha.114.009625","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.012","volume":"54","author":"TT Phan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Phan TT, Abozguia K, Nallur Shivu G, Mahadevan G, Ahmed I, Williams L, Dwivedi G, Patel K, Steendijk P, Ashrafian H, Henning A, Frenneaux M (2009) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is characterized by dynamic impairment of active relaxation and contraction of the left ventricle on exercise and associated with myocardial energy deficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(5):402\u2013409. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"9506_CR64","first-page":"1893","volume":"88","author":"CP Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu CP, Ting CT, Lawrence W, Maughan WL, Chang MS, Kass DA (1993) Diminished contractile response to increased heart rate in intact human left ventricular hypertrophy. Systolic versus diastolic determinants. Circulation 88(4 Pt 1):1893\u20131906","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"9506_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2174\/157016108785909779","volume":"6","author":"MR Hoenig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoenig MR, Bianchi C, Rosenzweig A, Sellke FW (2008) The cardiac microvasculature in hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 6(4):292\u2013300","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"23","key":"9506_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000050","volume":"345","author":"KT Weber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weber KT (2001) Aldosterone in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 345(23):1689\u20131697. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMra000050","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"9506_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731","volume":"370","author":"B Pitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, Clausell N, Desai AS, Diaz R, Fleg JL, Gordeev I, Harty B, Heitner JF, Kenwood CT, Lewis EF, O\u2019Meara E, Probstfield JL, Shaburishvili T, Shah SJ, Solomon SD, Sweitzer NK, Yang S, McKinlay SM (2014) Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 370(15):1383\u20131392. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"9506_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.043","volume":"62","author":"W Kosmala","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kosmala W, Holland DJ, Rojek A, Wright L, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Marwick TH (2013) Effect of If-channel inhibition on hemodynamic status and exercise tolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(15):1330\u20131338. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.043","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.070","volume":"162","author":"RS Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taylor RS, Davies EJ, Dalal HM, Davis R, Doherty P, Cooper C, Holland DJ, Jolly K, Smart NA (2012) Effects of exercise training for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Int J Cardiol 162(1):6\u201313. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.070","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"9506_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.454","volume":"301","author":"CM O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, Keteyian SJ, Cooper LS, Ellis SJ, Leifer ES, Kraus WE, Kitzman DW, Blumenthal JA, Rendall DS, Miller NH, Fleg JL, Schulman KA, McKelvie RS, Zannad F, Pina IL (2009) Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301(14):1439\u20131450. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2009.454","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001615","volume":"8","author":"A Pandey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pandey A, Parashar A, Kumbhani DJ, Agarwal S, Garg J, Kitzman D, Levine BD, Drazner M, Berry JD (2015) Exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circ Heart Fail 8(1):33\u201340. doi: 10.1161\/circheartfailure.114.001615","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"9506_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.7.646","volume":"30","author":"RS Crowder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crowder RS, Irons BK, Meyerrose G, Seifert CF (2010) Factors associated with increased hospital utilization in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Pharmacotherapy 30(7):646\u2013653","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws224","volume":"177","author":"CS Desai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Desai CS, Colangelo LA, Liu K, Jacobs DR Jr, Cook NL, Lloyd-Jones DM, Ogunyankin KO (2013) Prevalence, prospective risk markers, and prognosis associated with the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Am J Epidemiol 177(1):20\u201332. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kws224","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9506_CR74","first-page":"3","volume":"21","author":"RF Gillum","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gillum RF (1991) Cardiovascular disease in the United States: an epidemiologic overview. Cardiovasc Clin 21(3):3\u201316","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"9506_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.5.598","volume":"18","author":"ES Ford","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ford ES, Cooper RS (1991) Risk factors for hypertension in a national cohort study. Hypertension 18(5):598\u2013606","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"20","key":"9506_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.650","volume":"303","author":"BM Egan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN (2010) US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988\u20132008. JAMA 303(20):2043\u20132050. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2010.650","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9506_CR77","author":"JH Gurwitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gurwitz JH, Magid DJ, Smith DH, Hsu G, Sung SH, Allen LA, McManus DD, Goldberg RJ, Go AS (2014) The complex relationship of race to outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Med. doi: 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.11.034","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9506_CR78","first-page":"43","volume":"19","author":"SA Al-Dubai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Dubai SA, Alshagga MA, Rampal KG, Sulaiman NA (2012) Factor structure and reliability of the Malay version of the perceived stress scale among Malaysian medical students. Malays J Med Sci 19(3):43\u201349","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9506_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1161\/HHF.0b013e318291329a","volume":"6","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA, Bluemke DA, Trogdon JG (2013) Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail 6(3):606\u2013619. doi: 10.1161\/HHF.0b013e318291329a","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"9506_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157730.94423.4B","volume":"111","author":"DE Bild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bild DE, Detrano R, Peterson D, Guerci A, Liu K, Shahar E, Ouyang P, Jackson S, Saad MF (2005) Ethnic differences in coronary calcification: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 111(10):1313\u20131320. doi: 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157730.94423.4B","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"9506_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.01.017","volume":"148","author":"MA East","year":"2004","unstructured":"East MA, Peterson ED, Shaw LK, Gattis WA, O\u2019Connor CM (2004) Racial differences in the outcomes of patients with diastolic heart failure. Am Heart J 148(1):151\u2013156. doi: 10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.01.017","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["Heart Failure Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T23:01:30Z","timestamp":1559257290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["9506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10741-015-9506-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1382-4147","1573-7322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1382-4147","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,24]]}}}