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In a population of HF patients, the presence of T2DM ranged from 20 to 40%, according to the population studied, risk factor characteristics, geographic area, and age, and it is associated with a worse prognosis. Finally, patients with HF, when compared with those without HF, show an increased risk for the onset of T2DM due to several mechanisms that predispose the HF patient to insulin resistance. Despite the epidemiological data confirmed the relationship between T2DM and HF, the exact prevalence of HF in T2DM comes from interventional trials rather than from observational registries aimed to prospectively evaluate the risk of HF occurrence in T2DM population. This review is focused on the vicious cycle linking HF and T2DM, from epidemiological data to prognostic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-022-10238-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T03:42:41Z","timestamp":1651808561000},"page":"585-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Diabetes leading to heart failure and heart failure leading to diabetes: epidemiological and clinical evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Palazzuoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9613-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Iacoviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morrish JN, Wang S-L, Stevens KL, Fuller HJ, Keen H (2001) Mortality and causes of death in the WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes. 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Iacoviello received honoraria as a consultant in advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Vifor Pharma. A. Palazzuoli received honoraria as a consultant from Menarini and Novartis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}