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We herein assessed the influence of CRP in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When human PBMCs were stimulated<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with penicillin-treated<jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, bacterial DNA motifs and lipopolysaccharide with or without synthetic CRP, CRP suppressed the production of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-12, but not that of IFN-\u03b3. This was also the case for the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>Shwartzman reaction induced in PBMCs. CRP also decreased high-mobility group box 1 production from macrophages, which is crucial in the later phase of endotoxin\/septic shock. However, CRP upregulated the perforin expression by CD56<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>NK cells and increased their antitumor cytotoxicity. CRP may thus be a potent immunomodulatory factor in the human immune system, suggesting its therapeutic potential for use against human septic shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9604-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1360739659000},"page":"781-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effect of Synthetic C-Reactive Protein on the In Vitro Immune Response of Human PBMCs Stimulated with Bacterial Reagents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Shono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Ikarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuhji","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"9604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00042-6","volume":"38","author":"JE Volanakis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volanakis, J.E. 2001. 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