{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T02:39:32Z","timestamp":1773196772095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T06:34:13Z","timestamp":1410849253000},"page":"170-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Oral Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats via Reducing Intestinal Permeability and Modulating Gut Microbial Composition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieli","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"19_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711796391679","volume":"18","author":"SA Bialy El","year":"2011","unstructured":"El Bialy, S.A., K.F. El Kader, and M.B. El-Ashmawy. 2011. Current progress in antifibrotics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 18: 3082\u20133092.","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"19_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0055","volume":"1","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedman, S.L. 2004. Mechanisms of disease: mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis and therapeutic implications. Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1: 98\u2013105.","journal-title":"Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8681","volume":"82","author":"SL Friedman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Friedman, S.L., F.J. Roll, J. Boyles, et al. 1985. Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-producing cells of normal rat liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82: 8681\u20138685.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"19_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20974","volume":"43","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Friedman, S.L., and M.B. Bansal. 2006. Reversal of hepatic fibrosis\u2014fact or fantasy? Hepatology 43: S82\u2013S88.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24423","volume":"54","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, Y., F. Yang, H. Lu, B. Wang, et al. 2011. Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 54: 562\u2013572.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.10.015","volume":"43","author":"C Cesaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cesaro, C., A. Tiso, A. Del Prete, R. Cariello, et al. 2011. Gut microbiota and probiotics in chronic liver diseases. Digestive and Liver Disease 43: 431\u2013438.","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"key":"19_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31866-6","volume":"7","author":"I Guerrero Hernandez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guerrero Hernandez, I., A. Torre Delgadillo, F. Vargas Vorackova, et al. 2008. Intestinal flora, probiotics, and cirrhosis. Annals of Hepatology 7: 120\u2013124.","journal-title":"Annals of Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR8","first-page":"1481","volume":"22","author":"W Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Y. Gu, Y. Chen, et al. 2010. Intestinal flora imbalance results in altered bacterial translocation and liver function in rats with experimental cirrhosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 22: 1481\u20131486.","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.54.221","volume":"54","author":"S Graff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graff, S., J.C. Chaumeil, P. Boy, R. Lai-Kuen, et al. 2008. Influence of pH conditions on the viability of Saccharomyces boulardii yeast. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 54: 221\u2013227.","journal-title":"The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"19_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02201-06","volume":"73","author":"L Edwards-Ingram","year":"2007","unstructured":"Edwards-Ingram, L., P. Gitsham, N. Burton, et al. 2007. Genotypic and physiological characterization of Saccharomyces boulardii, the probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 2458\u20132467.","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"19_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11428502","volume":"5","author":"T Kelesidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelesidis, T., and C. Pothoulakis. 2012. Efficacy and safety of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 5: 111\u2013125.","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"key":"19_CR12","first-page":"19","volume":"12","author":"M Can","year":"2006","unstructured":"Can, M., B.A. Besirbellioglu, I.Y. Avci, et al. 2006. Prophylactic Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a prospective study. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 12: 19\u201322.","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"key":"19_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i18.2202","volume":"16","author":"LV McFarland","year":"2010","unstructured":"McFarland, L.V. 2010. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. World Journal of Gastroenterology 16: 2202\u20132222.","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"19_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i39.6165","volume":"11","author":"SM Schneider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider, S.M., F. Girard-Pipau, J. Filippi, et al. 2005. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition. World Journal of Gastroenterology 11: 6165\u20136169.","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"19_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835665fa","volume":"15","author":"AJ Leonel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leonel, A.J., and J.I. Alvarez-Leite. 2012. Butyrate: implications for intestinal function. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 15: 474\u2013479.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"19_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01011","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01011-14","volume":"5","author":"A Everard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everard, A., S. Matamoros, L. Geurts, et al. 2014. Saccharomyces boulardii administration changes gut microbiota and reduces hepatic steatosis, low-grade inflammation, and fat mass in obese and type 2 diabetic db\/db mice. mBio 5(3): e01011\u2013e01014.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"19_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000157141","volume":"8","author":"GA Clawson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clawson, G.A. 1989. Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Pathology and Immunopathology Research 8: 104\u2013112.","journal-title":"Pathology and Immunopathology Research"},{"key":"19_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez, E., J. C. Nieto, A. Boullosa, et al. 2014. VSL#3 probiotic treatment decreases bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. Liver International Article first published online: 12 MAY 2014 doi: 10.1111\/liv.12566 .","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12566"},{"key":"19_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12117","volume":"33","author":"G D'Argenio","year":"2013","unstructured":"D'Argenio, G., R. Cariello, C. Tuccillo, et al. 2013. Symbiotic formulation in experimentally induced liver fibrosis in rats: intestinal microbiota as a key point to treat liver damage? Liver International 33: 687\u2013697.","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"19_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aff\u00f2, S., O. Morales-Ibanez, D. Rodrigo-Torres, et al. 2014. CCL20 mediates lipopolysaccharide induced liver injury and is a potential driver of inflammation and fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis. Gut Article first published online: 12 AUG 2014 doi: 10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306098 .","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306098"},{"key":"19_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.27.425","volume":"27","author":"K Yagi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Yagi, K., S. Matsuoka, A.W. Linnane, et al. 1981. Plasma lipid peroxide levels in an urbanized Micronesian population\u2014Nauru. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 27: 425\u2013428.","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology"},{"key":"19_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.45.1335","volume":"45","author":"K Satoh","year":"1981","unstructured":"Satoh, K., S. Takamatsu, S. Sakuta, et al. 1981. Augmented malondialdehyde production by platelets from patients with cerebrovascular disorders. Japanese Circulation Journal 45: 1335\u20131341.","journal-title":"Japanese Circulation Journal"},{"key":"19_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-008-9092-0","volume":"31","author":"OK Poyrazoglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poyrazoglu, O.K., I.H. Bahcecioglu, H. Ataseven, et al. 2008. Effect of unfiltered coffee on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Inflammation 31: 408\u2013413.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"19_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29866","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M701923200","volume":"282","author":"IH Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, I.H., A. Dinudom, A. Sanchez-Perez, et al. 2007. Akt mediates the effect of insulin on epithelial sodium channels by inhibiting Nedd4-2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282: 29866\u201329873.","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"19_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223263","volume":"60","author":"M Joossens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Joossens, M., G. Huys, M. Cnockaert, et al. 2011. Dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives. Gut 60: 631\u2013637.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"19_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038858","volume":"7","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, Y., T. Zhou, D. Crowley, et al. 2012. Decline in topsoil microbial quotient, fungal abundance and C utilization efficiency of rice paddies under heavy metal pollution across South China. PLoS ONE 7: e38858.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2824","volume":"118","author":"J Penders","year":"2006","unstructured":"Penders, J., C. Thijs, C. Vink, et al. 2006. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118: 511\u2013521.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"19_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1825","volume":"11","author":"NH Salzman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salzman, N.H., H. Kuiechun, D. Haribhai, et al. 2010. Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology. Nature Immunology 11: 76\u201382.","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"19_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.6.3575-3581.2004","volume":"70","author":"S Bartosch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bartosch, S., A. Fite, G.T. Macfarlane, et al. 2004. Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 3575\u20133581.","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"19_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023729115659","volume":"48","author":"R Wiest","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiest, R., F. Chen, G. Cadelina, et al. 2003. Effect of Lactobacillus-fermented diets on bacterial translocation and intestinal flora in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 48: 1136\u20131141.","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"key":"19_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.07.019","volume":"57","author":"G Soriano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soriano, G., E. Sanchez, C. Guarner, et al. 2012. Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 without antioxidants does not decrease bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology 57: 1395\u20131396.","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rincon, D., J. Vaquero, A. Hernando, et al. 2014. Oral probiotic vsl#3 attenuates the circulatory disturbances of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Liver International Article first published online: 4 APR 2014 doi: 10.1111\/liv.12539 .","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12539"},{"issue":"4","key":"19_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.02.007","volume":"21","author":"DH Dapito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dapito, D.H., A. Mencin, G.Y. Gwak, et al. 2012. Promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma by the intestinal microbiota and TLR4. Cancer Cell 21(4): 504\u2013516.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"19_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011206","volume":"32","author":"CC Chan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chan, C.C., S.J. Hwang, F.Y. Lee, et al. 1997. Prognostic value of plasma endotoxin levels in patients with cirrhosis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 32: 942\u2013946.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"19_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.2.8119492","volume":"8","author":"ET Rietschel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rietschel, E.T., T. Kirikae, F.U. Schade, et al. 1994. Bacterial endotoxin: molecular relationships of structure to activity and function. FASEB Journal 8: 217\u2013225.","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"19_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414","volume":"71","author":"CR Raetz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raetz, C.R., and C. Whitfield. 2002. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annual Review of Biochemistry 71: 635\u2013700.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"19_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.020","volume":"146","author":"B Schnabl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schnabl, B., and D.A. Brenner. 2014. Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. Gastroenterology 146: 1513\u20131524.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"19_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023037","volume":"6","author":"I Gomez-Hurtado","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gomez-Hurtado, I., A. Santacruz, G. Peiro, et al. 2011. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and bacterial translocation in mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis. PLoS ONE 6: e23037.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"19_CR39","first-page":"1307","volume":"15","author":"JL Plummer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Plummer, J.L., C.J. Ossowicz, C. Whibley, et al. 2000. Influence of intestinal flora on the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis in a rat model. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15: 1307\u20131311.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.08.001","volume":"45","author":"SM Riordan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Riordan, S.M., and R. Williams. 2006. The intestinal flora and bacterial infection in cirrhosis. Journal of Hepatology 45: 744\u2013757.","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"19_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(88)80018-7","volume":"28","author":"JM Llovet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Llovet, J.M., R. Bartoli, F. March, et al. 1998. Translocated intestinal bacteria cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic rats: molecular epidemiologic evidence. Journal of Hepatology 28: 307\u2013313.","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T01:11:02Z","timestamp":1565831462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0019-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3997","1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3997","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]}}}