{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:37:47Z","timestamp":1787499467676,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 81871670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 81871670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T01:02:31Z","timestamp":1578272551000},"page":"731-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Metabolic Reprogramming Profiles in the Liver Fibrosis of Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Xin-yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-min","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-qing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen-fen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1160_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5253-5","volume":"115","author":"LG Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song, L.G., X.Y. Wu, M. Sacko, and Z.D. Wu. 2016. History of schistosomiasis epidemiology, current status, and challenges in China: On the road to schistosomiasis elimination. Parasitology Research 115: 4071\u20134081.","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"1160_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30475-3","volume":"17","author":"F Mutapi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mutapi, F., R. Maizels, A. Fenwick, and M. Woolhouse. 2017. Human schistosomiasis in the post mass drug administration era. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 17: e42\u2013e48.","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"1160_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100014","volume":"85","author":"MS Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson, M.S., M.M. Mentink-Kane, J.T. Pesce, T.R. Ramalingam, R. Thompson, and T.A. Wynn. 2007. Immunopathology of schistosomiasis. Immunology and Cell Biology 85 (2): 148\u2013154.","journal-title":"Immunology and Cell Biology"},{"key":"1160_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02781","volume":"9","author":"SD Kamdem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamdem, S.D., R. Moyou-Somo, F. Brombacher, and J.K. Nono. 2018. Host regulators of liver fibrosis during human schistosomiasis. Frontiers in Immunology 9: 2781.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-07","volume":"21","author":"DP McManus","year":"2008","unstructured":"McManus, D.P., and A. Loukas. 2008. Current status of vaccines for schistosomiasis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21 (1): 225\u2013242.","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"1160_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vale, N., M.J. Gouveia, G. Rinaldi, P.J. Brindley, F. G\u00e4rtner, and J.M. Correia da Costa. 2017. Praziquantel for schistosomiasis: Single-drug metabolism revisited, mode of action, and resistance. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 61 (5).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02582-16"},{"issue":"12","key":"1160_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.09.005","volume":"28","author":"BJ Anthony","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anthony, B.J., G.A. Ramm, and D.P. McManus. 2012. Role of resident liver cells in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Trends in Parasitology 28 (12): 572\u2013579.","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","volume":"134","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman, S.L. 2008. Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology. 134 (6): 1655\u20131669.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00377-4","volume":"7","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Q., X. Chou, F. Guan, Z. Fang, S. Lu, J. Lei, Y. Li, and W. Liu. 2017. Enhanced Wnt signalling in hepatocytes is associated with Schistosoma japonicum infection and contributes to liver fibrosis. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 230.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"1160_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166808","volume":"11","author":"S Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng, S., P. Zhang, Y. Chen, S. Zheng, L. Zheng, and Z. Weng. 2016. Inhibition of notch signaling attenuates schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis via blocking macrophage M2 polarization. PLoS One 11 (11): e0166808.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.06.014","volume":"22","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murray, P.J., J. Rathmell, and E. Pearce. 2015. SnapShot: Immunometabolism. Cell Metabolism 22 (1): 190\u2013190.","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3466","volume":"17","author":"R Newton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newton, R., B. Priyadharshini, and L.A. Turka. 2016. Immunometabolism of regulatory T cells. Nature Immunology 17 (6): 618\u2013625.","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1160_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70","volume":"16","author":"LA O'Neill","year":"2016","unstructured":"O'Neill, L.A., R.J. Kishton, and J. Rathmell. 2016. A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists. Nature Reviews Immunology 16 (9): 553\u2013565.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1160_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604480","volume":"37","author":"O Krenkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krenkel, O., and F. Tacke. 2017. Macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A role model of pathogenic Immunometabolism. Seminars in Liver Disease 37 (3): 189\u2013197.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1160_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.005","volume":"58","author":"V Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, V. 2018. Targeting macrophage immunometabolism: Dawn in the darkness of sepsis. International Immunopharmacology 58: 173\u2013185.","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"31","key":"1160_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3500","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i31.3500","volume":"24","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Y. Lou, X.L. Bai, and T.B. Liang. 2018. Immunometabolism: A novel perspective of liver cancer microenvironment and its influence on tumor progression. World Journal of Gastroenterology 24 (31): 3500\u20133512.","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1160_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.01.005","volume":"317","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Y. Tian, J. Xia, X. Wu, Y. Yang, X. Li, C. Huang, X. Meng, T. Ma, and J. Li. 2017. The role of PTEN in regulation of hepatic macrophages activation and function in progression and reversal of liver fibrosis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 317: 51\u201362.","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12603","volume":"280","author":"S Saha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saha, S., I.N. Shalova, and S.K. Biswas. 2017. Metabolic regulation of macrophage phenotype and function. Immunological Reviews 280 (1): 102\u2013111.","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"key":"1160_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2400-5","volume":"10","author":"X Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo, X., Y. Zhu, R. Liu, J. Song, F. Zhang, W. Zhang, Z. Xu, M. Hou, B. Yang, L. Chen, and M. Ji. 2017. Praziquantel treatment after Schistosoma japonicum infection maintains hepatic insulin sensitivity and improves glucose metabolism in mice. Parasites & Vectors 10: 453.","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"1160_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00240","volume":"3","author":"S Phin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Phin, S., M.W. Moore, and P.D. Cotter. 2013. Genomic rearrangements of PTEN in prostate cancer. Frontiers in Oncology 3: 240.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"1160_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0015-0","volume":"19","author":"YR Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, Y.R., M. Chen, and P.P. Pandolfi. 2013. The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: New modes and prospects. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 19: 547\u2013562.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"1160_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1208934","volume":"367","author":"U Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith, U. 2012. PTEN\u2014Linking metabolism, cell growth, and cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 367: 1061\u20131063.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22565","volume":"48","author":"W Qiu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qiu, W., L. Federico, M. Naples, R.K. Avramoglu, R. Meshkani, J. Zhang, J. Tsai, M. Hussain, K. Dai, J. Iqbal, C.D. Kontos, and Y. Horie. 2008. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) regulates hepatic lipogenesis, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and the secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Hepatology. 48 (6): 1799\u20131809.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.030","volume":"149","author":"I Garcia-Cao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcia-Cao, I., M.S. Song, R.M. Hobbs, G. Laurent, C. Giorgi, V.C. de Boer, D. Anastasiou, K. Ito, A.T. Sasaki, L. Rameh, and A. Carracedo. 2012. Systemic elevation of PTEN induces a tumor-suppressive metabolic state. Cell. 149 (1): 49\u201362.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"5","key":"1160_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2016.02.008","volume":"212","author":"R Makboul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Makboul, R., A. Refaiy, I.F. Abdelkawi, D.A. Hameed, A.A. Elderwy, M.M. Shalaby, A.S. Merseburger, and M.R. Hussein. 2016. Alterations of mTOR and PTEN protein expression in schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. Pathology, Research and Practice 212 (5): 385\u2013392.","journal-title":"Pathology, Research and Practice"},{"key":"1160_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-122","volume":"7","author":"J Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Z. Xu, X. Chen, S. Zhou, W. Zhang, Y. Chi, W. Li, X. Song, F. Liu, and C. Su. 2014. Parasitic antigens alter macrophage polarization during Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice. Parasites & Vectors. 7: 122.","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors."},{"issue":"7513","key":"1160_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13425","volume":"512","author":"I Moltke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moltke, I., N. Grarup, M.E. J\u00f8rgensen, P. Bjerregaard, J.T. Treebak, M. Fumagalli, T.S. Korneliussen, M.A. Andersen, T.S. Nielsen, N.T. Krarup, A.P. Gjesing, J.R. Zierath, A. Linneberg, X. Wu, G. Sun, X. Jin, J. Al-Aama, J. Wang, K. Borch-Johnsen, O. Pedersen, R. Nielsen, A. Albrechtsen, and T. Hansen. 2014. A common Greenlandic TBC1D4 variant confers muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 512 (7513): 190\u2013193.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"1160_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160026","volume":"131","author":"HM Wise","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wise, H.M., and M.A. Hermida. 2017. Prostate cancer, PI3K, PTEN and prognosis. Clinical Science (London) 131: 197\u2013210.","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London)"},{"key":"1160_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., H. Li, T. Qiu, J. Dai, Y. Zhang, J. Chen, and H. Cai. 2018. Loss of PTEN induces lung fibrosis via alveolar epithelial cell senescence depending on NF-\u03baB activation. Aging Cell: e12858.","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12858"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1160_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.10.005","volume":"373","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X., T. Jin, X. Huang, X. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Jia, and J. Hao. 2018. Effects of the tumor suppressor PTEN on biological behaviors of activated pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis. Experimental Cell Research 373 (1\u20132): 132\u2013144.","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"1160_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000542","volume":"5","author":"J Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, J., I.E. Eltoum, M. Roh, J. Wang, and S.A. Abdulkadir. 2009. Interactions between cells with distinct mutations in c-MYC and Pten in prostate cancer. PLoS Genetics 5: e1000542.","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"1160_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02715","volume":"9","author":"D Benhamou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benhamou, D., V. Labi, A. Getahun, E. Benchetrit, R. Dowery, K. Rajewsky, J.C. Cambier, and D. Melamed. 2018. The c-Myc\/miR17-92\/PTEN axis tunes PI3K activity to control expression of recombination activating genes in early B cell development. Frontiers in Immunology 9: 2715.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"1160_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.12.004","volume":"47-48","author":"EP Cummins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cummins, E.P., C.E. Keogh, and D. Crean. 2016. The role of HIF in immunity and inflammation. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 47-48: 24\u201334.","journal-title":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1160_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.009","volume":"47","author":"GS Hotamisligil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hotamisligil, G.S. 2017. Foundations of immunometabolism and implications for metabolic health and disease. Immunity. 47 (3): 406\u2013420.","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"issue":"12","key":"1160_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150431","volume":"129","author":"JB McPhee","year":"2015","unstructured":"McPhee, J.B., and J.D. Schertzer. 2015. Immunometabolism of obesity and diabetes: Microbiota link compartmentalized immunity in the gut to metabolic tissue inflammation. Clinical Science (London, England) 129 (12): 1083\u20131096.","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901698","volume":"185","author":"JC Rodr\u00edguez-Prados","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Prados, J.C., P.G. Trav\u00e9s, J. Cuenca, D. Rico, J. Aragon\u00e9s, P. Mart\u00edn-Sanz, M. Cascante, and L. Bosc\u00e1. 2010. Substrate fate in activated macrophages: A comparison between innate, classic, and alternative activation. Immunology. 185 (1): 605\u2013614.","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"issue":"4","key":"1160_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3976-2","volume":"61","author":"J An","year":"2016","unstructured":"An, J., L. Zheng, S. Xie, F. Yin, X. Huo, J. Guo, and X. Zhang. 2016. Regulatory effects and mechanism of adenovirus-mediated PTEN gene on hepatic stellate cells. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 61 (4): 1107\u20131120.","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"1160_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02515.x","volume":"117","author":"LS Hao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hao, L.S., X.L. Zhang, J.Y. An, J. Karlin, X.P. Tian, Z.N. Dun, S.R. Xie, and S. Chen. 2009. PTEN expression is down-regulated in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by biliary stenosis. APMIS. 117 (9): 681\u2013691.","journal-title":"APMIS."},{"key":"1160_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.154","volume":"4","author":"YL Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, Y.L., X. Zhang, J. Bai, L. Gai, X.L. Ye, L. Zhang, Q. Xu, Y.X. Zhang, L. Xu, H.P. Li, and X. Ding. 2013. Sorafenib ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Potential roles in the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation. Cell Death & Disease 4: e665.","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"},{"key":"1160_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472432","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/472432","volume":"2013","author":"S Matsuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matsuda, S., M. Kobayashi, and Y. Kitagishi. 2013. Roles for PI3K\/AKT\/PTEN pathway in cell signaling of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ISRN Endocrinology 2013: 472432.","journal-title":"ISRN Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T19:38:20Z","timestamp":1609789100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-019-01160-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3997","1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3997","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Ministry of Health, China. The protocol was approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee (LAWEC) of Xuzhou Medical University, China. All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}