{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:48:10Z","timestamp":1789688890033,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F.N. 5\/9\/1328\/2020-Nut"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F.N. 5\/9\/1328\/2020-Nut"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F.N. 5\/9\/1328\/2020-Nut"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F.N. 5\/9\/1328\/2020-Nut"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T05:05:43Z","timestamp":1672722343000},"page":"824-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fibrosis in Liver and Pancreas: a Review on Pathogenic Significance, Diagnostic Options, and Current Management Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Tiasha","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatraman","family":"Manickam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wick, Georg, Cecilia Grundtman, Christina Mayerl, Thomas-Florian Wimpissinger, Johann Feichtinger, Bettina Zelger, Roswitha Sgonc, and Dolores Wolfram. 2013.\u00a0\"The immunology of fibrosis.\"\u00a0Annual review of immunology\u00a031, 1: 107\u201335.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095937"},{"key":"1776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1412","volume":"4","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wynn, T.A. 2004. Fibrotic disease and the TH1\/TH2 paradigm. Nature Reviews Immunology 4: 583\u2013594.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"1776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2938-9","volume":"587","author":"NC Henderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henderson, N.C., F. Rieder, and T.A. Wynn. 2020. Fibrosis: From mechanisms to medicines. Nature 587: 555\u2013566.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1776_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008121226","volume":"21","author":"Y Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, Y. 2010. New insights into epithelial-mesenchymal transition in kidney fibrosis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 21: 212\u2013222.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"1776_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3218","volume":"19","author":"VS Lebleu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lebleu, V.S., et al. 2013. Origin and function of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis. Nature Medicine 19: 1047\u20131053.","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"1776_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22322","volume":"225","author":"G Krenning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krenning, G., E.M. Zeisberg, and R. Kalluri. 2010. The origin of fibroblasts and mechanism of cardiac fibrosis. Journal of Cellular Physiology 225: 631\u2013637.","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"1776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20095","volume":"230","author":"EC Goldsmith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goldsmith, E.C., et al. 2004. Organization of fibroblasts in the heart. Developmental Dynamics 230: 787\u2013794.","journal-title":"Developmental Dynamics"},{"key":"1776_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakatos, H. F. et al.\u00a02007.\u00a0The role of PPARs in lung fibrosis. PPAR Research\u00a02007.","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/71323"},{"key":"1776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081170","volume":"175","author":"WD Hardie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hardie, W.D., S.W. Glasser, and J.S. Hagood. 2009. Emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. American Journal of Pathology 175: 3\u201316.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"1776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612033392341","volume":"9","author":"M Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly, M., M. Kolb, P. Bonniaud, and J. Gauldie. 2005. Re-evaluation of fibrogenic cytokines in lung fibrosis. Current Pharmaceutical Design 9: 39\u201349.","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"1776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40139-014-0062-y","volume":"2","author":"A Shroff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shroff, A., A. Mamalis, and J. Jagdeo. 2014. Oxidative stress and skin fibrosis. Curr. Pathobiol. Rep. 2: 257\u2013267.","journal-title":"Curr. Pathobiol. Rep."},{"key":"1776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00738.x","volume":"37","author":"M Jinnin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jinnin, M. 2010. Mechanisms of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Journal of Dermatology 37: 11\u201325.","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"1776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2008.07.007","volume":"12","author":"YS Lim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lim, Y.S., and W.R. Kim. 2008. The global impact of hepatic fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. Clinics in Liver Disease 12: 733\u2013746.","journal-title":"Clinics in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550054","volume":"35","author":"R Bataller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bataller, R., and B. Gao. 2015. Liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease. Seminars in Liver Disease 35: 146\u2013156.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR15","first-page":"14","volume":"29","author":"MM Aydin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aydin, M.M., and K.C. Akcali. 2018. Liver fibrosis. Turkish. Journal of Gastroenterology 29: 14\u201321.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2015.49","volume":"5","author":"H Abe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abe, H., et al. 2016. Effective prevention of liver fibrosis by liver-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in a rat liver fibrosis model. Mol. Ther. - Nucleic Acids 5: e276.","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. - Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"1776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676806","volume":"39","author":"YM Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, Y.M., S.Y. Kim, and E. Seki. 2019. Inflammation and liver cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Seminars in Liver Disease 39: 26\u201342.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.07000.x","volume":"27","author":"MV Apte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Apte, M.V., and J.S. Wilson. 2012. Dangerous liaisons: Pancreatic stellate cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 27: 69\u201374.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.07.038","volume":"7","author":"A Masamune","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masamune, A., T. Watanabe, K. Kikuta, and T. Shimosegawa. 2009. Roles of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 7: S48\u2013S54.","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000082799","volume":"22","author":"MV Apte","year":"2004","unstructured":"Apte, M.V., and J.S. Wilson. 2004. Mechanisms of pancreatic fibrosis. Digestive Diseases 22: 273\u2013279.","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"1776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30082","volume":"117","author":"MB Omary","year":"2007","unstructured":"Omary, M.B., A. Lugea, A.W. Lowe, and S.J. Pandol. 2007. The pancreatic stellate cell: A star on the rise in pancreatic diseases. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 117: 50\u201359.","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"1776_CR22","first-page":"1347","volume":"39","author":"D Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang, D., et al. 2018. Galectin-1 expression in activated pancreatic satellite cells promotes fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis\/pancreatic cancer via the TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway. Oncology Reports 39: 1347\u20131355.","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"key":"1776_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.128","volume":"43","author":"MV Apte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Apte, M.V., et al. 1998. Periacinar stellate shaped cells in rat pancreas: Identification, isolation, and culture. Gut 43: 128\u2013133.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR24","unstructured":"Phillips, P. 2012. Pancreatic stellate cells and fibrosis. In eds. Paul J. Grippo and\u00a0Hidayatullah G. Munshi. Trivandrum (India)."},{"key":"1776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.275","volume":"52","author":"PA Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips, P.A., et al. 2003. Rat pancreatic stellate cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases: Implications for extracellular matrix turnover. Gut 52: 275\u2013282.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR26","unstructured":"2697b11224f60f415eff7b000c3cb9cdc3bde2a4 @ https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/."},{"key":"1776_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.245","volume":"22","author":"E Seki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seki, E., and D.A. Brenner. 2015. Recent advancement of molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 22: 512\u2013518.","journal-title":"Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences"},{"key":"1776_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masamune, A. et al.\u00a02008. Hypoxia stimulates pancreatic stellate cells to induce fibrosis and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer.\u00a0American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology\u00a0295: 709\u2013717.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90356.2008"},{"key":"1776_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, N. et al.\u00a02009. Formation of vitamin A lipid droplets in pancreatic stellate cells requires albumin. 1382\u20131390.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2008.170233.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.170233"},{"key":"1776_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2249-7","volume":"43","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shimizu, K. 2008. Mechanisms of pancreatic fibrosis and applications to the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Journal of Gastroenterology 43: 823\u2013832.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR31","first-page":"482","volume":"69","author":"J-M Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang, J.-M., and J. An. 2009. Cytokines, inflammation and pain. Int Anesth. Clin. 69: 482\u2013489.","journal-title":"Int Anesth. Clin."},{"key":"1776_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1006\/cbir.1995.1084","volume":"19","author":"W Meyer-Ingold","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meyer-Ingold, W., and W. Eichner. 1995. Platelet-derived growth factor. Cell Biology International 19: 389\u2013398.","journal-title":"Cell Biology International"},{"key":"1776_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.07.004","volume":"5","author":"KES Poole","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poole, K.E.S., and J. Reeve. 2005. Parathyroid hormone \u2013 a bone anabolic and catabolic agent. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 5: 612\u2013617.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pharmacology"},{"key":"1776_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2012.10.015","volume":"1834","author":"PH Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, P.H., X. Chen, and X. He. 2013. Platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors: Structural and functional perspectives. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1834: 2176\u20132186.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"1776_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8158","volume":"6","author":"J Xue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xue, J., et al. 2015. Alternatively activated macrophages promote pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Nature Communications 6: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"1776_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.4.534","volume":"44","author":"MV Apte","year":"1999","unstructured":"Apte, M.V., et al. 1999. Pancreatic stellate cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines: Implications for pancreatic fibrogenesis. Gut 44: 534\u2013541.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2015.10.002","volume":"28","author":"E Borkham-Kamphorst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borkham-Kamphorst, E., and R. Weiskirchen. 2016. The PDGF system and its antagonists in liver fibrosis. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews 28: 53\u201361.","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews"},{"key":"1776_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000168222.05591.a0","volume":"31","author":"C Kordes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kordes, C., S. Brookmann, D. H\u00e4ussinger, and H. Klonowski-Stumpe. 2005. Differential and synergistic effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-\u03b21 on activated pancreatic stellate cells. Pancreas 31: 156\u2013167.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1776_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65211-X","volume":"155","author":"PS Haber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haber, P.S., et al. 1999. Activation of pancreatic stellate cells in human and experimental pancreatic fibrosis. American Journal of Pathology 155: 1087\u20131095.","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"1776_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200107000-00004","volume":"13","author":"G Ramadori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramadori, G., and T. Armbrust. 2001. Cytokines in the liver. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 13: 777\u2013784.","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007105","volume":"19","author":"SL Friedman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Friedman, S.L. 1999. Cytokines and fibrogenesis. Seminars in Liver Disease 19: 129\u2013140.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.535","volume":"50","author":"P Mews","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mews, P., et al. 2002. Pancreatic stellate cells respond to inflammatory cytokines: Potential role in chronic pancreatitis. Gut 50: 535\u2013541.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820105","volume":"82","author":"LJ Formela","year":"1995","unstructured":"Formela, L.J., S.W. Galloway, and A.N. Kingsnorth. 1995. Inflammatory mediators in acute pancreatitis. British Journal of Surgery 82: 6\u201313.","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"1776_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)00240-7","volume":"175","author":"J Norman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Norman, J. 1998. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. American Journal of Surgery 175: 76\u201383.","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"1776_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2151","volume":"268","author":"MI Vaccaro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vaccaro, M.I., et al. 2000. Pancreatic acinar cells submitted to stress activate TNF-alpha gene expression. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 268: 485\u2013490.","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"1776_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1989.tb00382.x","volume":"9","author":"M Matsuoka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Matsuoka, M., N.T. Pham, and H. Tsukamoto. 1989. Differential effects of interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and transforming growth factor beta 1 on cell proliferation and collagen formation by cultured fat-storing cells. Liver 9: 71\u201378.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"1776_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155536","volume":"143","author":"M Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, M., H. Li, L. Sun, D.R. Brigstock, and R. Gao. 2021. Interleukin-6 participates in human pancreatic stellate cell activation and collagen I production via TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway. Cytokine 143: 155536.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"1776_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s40139-015-0093-z","volume":"3","author":"YM Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Y.M., and E. Seki. 2015. TNF\u03b1 in liver fibrosis. Curr. Pathobiol. Rep. 3: 253\u2013261.","journal-title":"Curr. Pathobiol. Rep."},{"key":"1776_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313392","volume":"67","author":"D-M Xiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiang, D.-M., et al. 2018. The HLF\/IL-6\/STAT3 feedforward circuit drives hepatic stellate cell activation to promote liver fibrosis. Gut 67: 1704\u20131715.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.11.013","volume":"67","author":"JA McCarroll","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCarroll, J.A., et al. 2004. Pancreatic stellate cell migration: Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway. Biochemical Pharmacology 67: 1215\u20131225.","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"1776_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i22.3385","volume":"11","author":"A Masamune","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masamune, A., M. Satoh, K. Kikuta, N. Suzuki, and T. Shimosegawa. 2005. Activation of JAK-STAT pathway is required for platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology 11: 3385\u20133391.","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-011-1246-y","volume":"347","author":"S Dooley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dooley, S., and P. Ten Dijke. 2012. TGF-\u03b2 in progression of liver disease. Cell and Tissue Research 347: 245\u2013256.","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"1776_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212927200","volume":"278","author":"S Reif","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reif, S., et al. 2003. The role of focal adhesion kinase-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling in hepatic stellate cell proliferation and type I collagen expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 8083\u20138090.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"1776_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200402000-00001","volume":"16","author":"FW Shek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shek, F.W., and R.C. Benyon. 2004. How can transforming growth factor beta be targeted usefully to combat liver fibrosis? European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16: 123\u2013126.","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina, M. F., Abdelnabi, M. N., Fabre, T. and Shoukry, N. H. 2019. Type 3 cytokines in liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Cytokine 124: 0\u20131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.07.028"},{"key":"1776_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/18465","volume":"398","author":"J Ninomiya-Tsuji","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ninomiya-Tsuji, J., et al. 1999. The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-I\u03baB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway. Nature 398: 252\u2013256.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1776_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04202.x","volume":"23","author":"H Tsukamoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsukamoto, H. 1999. Cytokine regulation of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 23: 911\u2013916.","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"1776_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0633-0","volume":"62","author":"H Zelov\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zelov\u00e1, H., and J. Ho\u0161ek. 2013. TNF-\u03b1 signalling and inflammation: Interactions between old acquaintances. Inflammation Research 62: 641\u2013651.","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"key":"1776_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04587.x","volume":"21","author":"MV Apte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Apte, M.V., R.C. Pirola, and J.S. Wilson. 2006. Battle-scarred pancreas: Role of alcohol and pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 21: 97\u2013101.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manning, D. S. 2008. Diagnosis and quantitation of fibrosis. 1670\u20131681.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.001"},{"key":"1776_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.214650","volume":"59","author":"L Castera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castera, L., and M. Pinzani. 2010. Biopsy and non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis: Does it take two to tango? Gut 59: 861\u2013866.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30110.x","volume":"99","author":"NH Afdhal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Afdhal, N.H., and D. Nunes. 2004. Evaluation of liver fibrosis: A concise review. American Journal of Gastroenterology 99: 1160\u20131174.","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550059","volume":"35","author":"K Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel, K., P. Bedossa, and L. Castera. 2015. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis: Present and future. Seminars in Liver Disease 35: 166\u2013183.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11567","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i41.11567","volume":"21","author":"Y Lurie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lurie, Y., M. Webb, R. Cytter-Kuint, S. Shteingart, and G.Z. Lederkremer. 2015. Non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. World Journal of Gastroenterology 21: 11567\u201311583.","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2022.09.022","volume":"537","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Z., et al. 2022. Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 537: 16\u201325.","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"1776_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13495","volume":"50","author":"C Inadomi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inadomi, C., et al. 2020. Accuracy of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, and combination of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis and non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology Research 50: 682\u2013692.","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"key":"1776_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.036","volume":"73","author":"Y Vali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vali, Y., et al. 2020. Enhanced liver fibrosis test for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hepatology 73: 252\u2013262.","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.555","volume":"7","author":"JR Morling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morling, J.R., and I.N. Guha. 2016. Biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Clinics in Liver Disease 7: 139\u2013142.","journal-title":"Clinics in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001519","volume":"32","author":"MAL De Carli","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Carli, M.A.L., et al. 2020. Performance of noninvasive scores for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in morbidly obese with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 32: 420\u2013425.","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"1776_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10020087","volume":"10","author":"CT Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, C.T., C.K. Lin, T.H. Lee, and Y.J. Liang. 2020. Pancreatic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis: Mini-review of non-histologic diagnosis for clinical applications. Diagnostics 10: 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1776_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1277-y","volume":"52","author":"K Tajiri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tajiri, K., K. Kawai, and T. Sugiyama. 2017. Strain elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis and prognosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. Journal of Gastroenterology 52: 724\u2013733.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR72","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"Y Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, Y., H. Li, C. Jin, H. Wang, and B. Jiang. 2020. The diagnostic accuracy of liver fibrosis in non-viral liver diseases using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 15: 1\u201320.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1776_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.10.46","volume":"7","author":"V De L\u00e9dinghen","year":"2010","unstructured":"De L\u00e9dinghen, V., and J. Vergniol. 2010. Transient elastography for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Expert Review of Medical Devices 7: 811\u2013823.","journal-title":"Expert Review of Medical Devices"},{"key":"1776_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.09.020","volume":"20","author":"ES Andersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andersen, E.S., P.B. Christensen, and N. Weis. 2009. Transient elastography for liver fibrosis diagnosis. European Journal of Internal Medicine 20: 339\u2013342.","journal-title":"European Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"1776_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.09.012","volume":"16","author":"T Kuwahara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuwahara, T., et al. 2016. Quantitative evaluation of pancreatic tumor fibrosis using shear wave elastography. Pancreatology 16: 1063\u20131068.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"1776_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19411","volume":"322","author":"VK Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, V.K., D. Yadav, and P.K. Garg. 2019. Diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis: A review. JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc. 322: 2422\u20132434.","journal-title":"JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"1776_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001206","volume":"48","author":"E Bieliuniene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bieliuniene, E., et al. 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging as a valid noninvasive tool for the assessment of pancreatic fibrosis. Pancreas 48: 85\u201393.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1776_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25550","volume":"45","author":"L Petitclerc","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petitclerc, L., G. Sebastiani, G. Gilbert, G. Cloutier, and A. Tang. 2017. Liver fibrosis: Review of current imaging and MRI quantification techniques. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 45: 1276\u20131295.","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"1776_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192118","volume":"296","author":"IY Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, I.Y., et al. 2020. Advanced MRI of liver fibrosis and treatment response in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Radiology 296: 67\u201375.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1776_CR80","unstructured":"Gilbert, \u00c3. G., Nguyen, \u00c3. B. N. and Tang, A. 2017. Liver fibrosis quantification by magnetic resonance imaging. XX: 1\u201313."},{"key":"1776_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0880-4","volume":"49","author":"Y Itoh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Itoh, Y., et al. 2014. Quantitative analysis of diagnosing pancreatic fibrosis using EUS-elastography (comparison with surgical specimens). Journal of Gastroenterology 49: 1183\u20131192.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273256","volume":"33","author":"H Schrader","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrader, H., et al. 2012. Diagnostic value of quantitative EUS elastography for malignant pancreatic tumors: Relationship with pancreatic fibrosis. Ultraschall der Medizin 33: 196\u2013201.","journal-title":"Ultraschall der Medizin"},{"key":"1776_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10020048","volume":"10","author":"M Kikuyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kikuyama, M., et al. 2018. Early diagnosis to improve the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel). 10: 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"key":"1776_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1159\/000444556","volume":"34","author":"R Weiskirchen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiskirchen, R., and F. Tacke. 2016. Liver fibrosis: From pathogenesis to novel therapies. Digestive Diseases 34: 410\u2013422.","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"1776_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.06.015","volume":"39","author":"M Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun, M., and T. Kisseleva. 2015. Reversibility of liver fibrosis. Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 39: S60\u2013S63.","journal-title":"Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kisseleva, T. and Brenner, D. A. 2006. Hepatic stellate cells and the reversal of fibrosis.\u00a0Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology\u00a02.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04584.x"},{"key":"1776_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17557","volume":"21","author":"JP Iredale","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iredale, J.P. 2001. Hepatic stellate cell behavior during resolution of liver injury. Seminars in Liver Disease 21: 427\u2013436.","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"1776_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3181\/0707-MR-190","volume":"233","author":"T Kisseleva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kisseleva, T., and D.A. Brenner. 2008. Mechanisms of fibrogenesis. Experimental Biology and Medicine 233: 109\u2013122.","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"1776_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1189\/JLB.0309135","volume":"86","author":"B Gao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gao, B., S. Radaeva, and O. Park. 2009. Liver natural killer and natural killer T cells: Immunobiology and emerging roles in liver diseases. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 86: 513\u2013528.","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"1776_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5316","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3064","volume":"79","author":"M Tandon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tandon, M., et al. 2019. Prolactin promotes fibrosis and pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Research 79: 5316\u20135327.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"1776_CR91","first-page":"7242","volume":"20","author":"L Giannitrapani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giannitrapani, L., et al. 2014. Nanotechnology applications for the therapy of liver fibrosis. 20: 7242\u20137251.","journal-title":"Nanotechnology applications for the therapy of liver fibrosis."},{"key":"1776_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.064543","volume":"55","author":"JA McCarroll","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCarroll, J.A., et al. 2006. Vitamin A inhibits pancreatic stellate cell activation: Implications for treatment of pancreatic fibrosis. Gut 55: 79\u201389.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1776_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.107","volume":"132","author":"M Rickmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rickmann, M., E.C. Vaquero, J.R. Malagelada, and X. Molero. 2007. Tocotrienols induce apoptosis and autophagy in rat pancreatic stellate cells through the mitochondrial death pathway. Gastroenterology 132: 2518\u20132532.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1776_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200407000-00058","volume":"29","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimizu, K., K. Shiratori, M. Kobayashi, and H. Kawamata. 2004. Troglitazone inhibits the progression of chronic pancreatitis and the profibrogenic activity of pancreatic stellate cells via a PPAR\u03b3- independent mechanism. Pancreas 29: 67\u201374.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"1776_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeisberg, M., and R. Kalluri. 2013. Cellular mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. 1. Common and organ-specific mechanisms associated with tissue fibrosis. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 304: C216\u2013C225","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00328.2012"},{"key":"1776_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20698","volume":"97","author":"A Masamune","year":"2006","unstructured":"Masamune, A., et al. 2006. Curcumin blocks activation of pancreatic stellate cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 97: 1080\u20131093.","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T04:04:12Z","timestamp":1684296252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01776-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3997","1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3997","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interest"}}]}}