{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:45:33Z","timestamp":1788997533317,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82001728,81973540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001728,81973540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82001728,81973540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001728,81973540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82001728,81973540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001728,81973540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"1\u00b73\u00b75 project for Outstanding interdisciplinary project of West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"]}]},{"name":"1\u00b73\u00b75 project for Outstanding interdisciplinary project of West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"]}]},{"name":"1\u00b73\u00b75 project for Outstanding interdisciplinary project of West China Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGD18015, ZYJC18003, ZYJC18024"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["20YYJC3358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YYJC3358"]}]},{"name":"from zero to one Innovative Research Program of Sichuan University","award":["2022SCUH0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCUH0020"]}]},{"name":"from zero to one Innovative Research Program of Sichuan University","award":["2022SCUH0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCUH0020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1676300927000},"page":"1036-1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk of Early Infection in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Cluster Analysis Based on Clinical Features and Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinlan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuping","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baig, S., and J.J. Paik. 2020. Inflammatory muscle disease \u2014 an update.\u00a0Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology\u00a034(1):101484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2019.101484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2019.101484"},{"issue":"2","key":"1790_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-180308","volume":"5","author":"J Schmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt, J. 2018. Current classification and management of inflammatory myopathies. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases 5 (2): 109\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JND-180308.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases"},{"issue":"18","key":"1790_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402225","volume":"372","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalakas, M.C. 2015. Inflammatory muscle diseases. New England Journal of Medicine 372 (18): 1734\u20131747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1402225.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1790_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12194","volume":"175","author":"PO Carstens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carstens, P.O., and J. Schmidt. 2014. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: Recent advances. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 175 (3): 349\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12194.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1790_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083","volume":"53","author":"I Marie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marie, I., E. Hachulla, P. Ch\u00e9rin, M.F. Hellot, S. Herson, H. Levesque, and P.Y. Hatron. 2005. Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 53 (2): 155\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.21083.","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"2","key":"1790_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13255","volume":"21","author":"A Redondo-Benito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Redondo-Benito, A., A. Curran, A. Villar-Gomez, E. Trallero-Araguas, A. Fern\u00e1ndez-Codina, I. Pinal-Fernandez, J.\u00c1. Rodrigo-Pend\u00e1s, and A. Selva-O\u2019Callaghan. 2018. Opportunistic infections in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 21 (2): 487\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13255.","journal-title":"International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"1790_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-857x(02)00100-x","volume":"29","author":"M Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez, M., R. Misischia, and G.S. Alarc\u00f3n. 2003. Infections in systemic connective tissue diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and polymyositis\/dermatomyositis. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 29 (1): 163\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-857x(02)00100-x.","journal-title":"Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"7","key":"1790_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","volume":"292","author":"A Bohan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bohan, A., and J.B. Peter. 1975. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts) (J). New England Journal of Medicine 292 (7): 344\u2013347.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"1790_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Furst, D.E., A.A. Amato, \u015e.R. Iorga, K. Gajria, and A.W. Fernandes. 2012. Epidemiology of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in a U.S. managed care plan. Muscle Nerve 45 (5): 676\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.23302","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23302"},{"key":"1790_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Strauss, T., and M.J. von Maltitz. 2017 Generalising Ward\u2019s method for use with Manhattan distances. PLoS One 12 (1): e0168288.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168288","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168288"},{"key":"1790_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coombes, C.E., X. Liu, Z.B. Abrams, K.R. Coombes, and G. Brock. 2021. Simulation-derived best practices for clustering clinical data.\u00a0Journal of Biomedical Informatics\u00a0118: 103788.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103788"},{"issue":"5","key":"1790_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0441-9","volume":"26","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Falagas, M.E., K.G. Manta, G.I. Betsi, and G. Pappas. 2007. Infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases: A systematic review. Clinical Rheumatology 26 (5): 663\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-006-0441-9.","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"1790_CR13","unstructured":"Mir\u00f3, O., M. Laguno, J.R. Alonso, J. Casademont, C. Herrero, A. Selva, A. Urbano-M\u00e1rquez, and J.M. Grau. 1999. Evoluci\u00f3n de las miopat\u00edas inflamatorias idiop\u00e1ticas: complicaciones, supervivencia y factores pron\u00f3sticos Clinical course of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: complications, survival and prognostic factors.\u00a0Medicina Cl\u00ednica\u00a0112 (14): 521\u20136. Spanish. PMID: 10363237"},{"issue":"6","key":"1790_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14689","volume":"46","author":"A Connolly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Connolly, A., P.A. Gordon, J. Hannah, and D. Creamer. 2021. The chameleon rash: A review of the polyphenotypic dermatoses of dermatomyositis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 46 (6): 1016\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ced.14689.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1790_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/yps7ai","volume":"40","author":"YP Ge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ge, Y.P., X.M. Shu, L.R. He, G.C. Wang, and X. Lu. 2022. Infection is not rare in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 40 (2): 254\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/yps7ai.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1790_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq279","volume":"49","author":"IJ Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, I.J., W.P. Tsai, Y.J. Wu, S.F. Luo, H.H. Ho, L.B. Liou, J.Y. Chen, C.F. Kuo, H.C. Chang, C.H. Yang, and K.H. Yu. 2010. Infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: Analysis of 192 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49 (12): 2429\u20132437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq279.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1790_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wik, J.A., and B.S. Sk\u00e5lhegg. 2022. T cell metabolism in infection.\u00a0Frontiers in Immunology\u00a013: 840610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840610","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840610"},{"issue":"7164","key":"1790_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06246","volume":"449","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Medzhitov, R. 2007. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature 449 (7164): 819\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06246.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1790_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng, M., H. Guo, C. Zhang, C. Wang, Z. Liang, X. Zhao, Y. Qin, Y. Wu, G. Liu, C. Gao, and J. Luo. 2019. Absolute reduction of regulatory T cells and regulatory effect of short-term and low-dose IL-2 in polymyositis or dermatomyositis. International Immunopharmacology 77: 105912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105912"},{"key":"1790_CR20","unstructured":"Arning, M., and C. Aul. 1994. Mykose-Prophylaxe bei neutrozytopenischen Patienten [Prophylaxis against mycoses in neutropenic patients]. Mycoses\u00a037 Suppl 2: 70\u20136. German"},{"issue":"3","key":"1790_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3006","volume":"11","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., X. Zuo, Y. You, H. Luo, L. Duan, W. Zhang, Y. Li, Y. Xie, Y. Zhou, W. Ning, T. Li, S. Liu, H. Zhu, Y. Jiang, S. Wu, and H. Zhao. 2016. Investigation into the cause of mortality in 49 cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A single center study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11 (3): 885\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2016.3006.","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"1790_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab015","volume":"60","author":"R Chatterjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chatterjee, R., P. Mehta, V. Agarwal, and L. Gupta. 2021. High burden of infections in Indian patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: Validation of observations from the MyoCite dataset. Rheumatology (Oxford) 60 (9): 4315\u20134326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab015.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1790_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marie, I., E. Hachulla, and P. Che\u00b4rin, et al. 2005. Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatoid 53: 155\u201365, Infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: analysis of 192 cases","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083"},{"key":"1790_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, L., W. Zhu, Y. Ye, X. Wu, Q. Yan, Z. Wang, Y. Lin, and S. Chen. 2021. Association of cytomegalovirus infection with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis: a prospective cohort study. Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)\u00a08: 740154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.740154","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.740154"},{"issue":"2","key":"1790_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-0883-0","volume":"22","author":"CA Mecoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mecoli, C.A., and S.K. Danoff. 2020. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and other infections in idiopathic inflammatory myositis. Current Rheumatology Reports 22 (2): 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11926-020-0883-0.","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"1790_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac041","volume":"61","author":"S Haldule","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haldule, S., M. Chatterjee, R.P. Goswami, I. Vadsaria, P. Gaur, C. Kavadichanda, D.P. Misra, H. Chinoy, V. Agarwal, R. Aggarwal, and L. Gupta. 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis of mycobacterial infections in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 61 (9): 3521\u20133533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac041.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T23:39:39Z","timestamp":1684280379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01790-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2323734\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0360-3997","1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3997","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethical committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 695 in 2020) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study did not involve animal studies, and no ethical approval was needed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All patients and controls provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}