{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:53:14Z","timestamp":1784382794478,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T03:36:50Z","timestamp":1718941010000},"page":"485-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Marjan","family":"Golabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danial","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Shayan","family":"Chadeganipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Fouladseresht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J. M.","family":"Sullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Ghezelbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava Yeganegi","family":"Dastgerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2075_CR1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases","author":"M Gironi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gironi, M., C. Arn\u00f2, G. Comi, G. Penton-Rol, and R. Furlan. 2016. Multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, 63\u201384. Immune rebalancing: Elsevier."},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01662-9","volume":"45","author":"M Golabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Golabi, M., F. Fathi, M. Samadi, M.S. Hesamian, and N. Eskandari. 2022. Identification of potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Inflammation 45 (4): 1815\u20131828.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"14","key":"2075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton, C., R. King, L. Rechtman, W. Kaye, E. Leray, R.A. Marrie, et al. 2020. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26 (14): 1816\u20131821.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"N Ghasemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemi, N., S. Razavi, and E. Nikzad. 2017. Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and cell-based therapy. Cell Journal 19 (1): 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Cell Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.6.757","volume":"71","author":"J Chataway","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chataway, J., A. Mander, N. Robertson, S. Sawcer, J. Deans, M. Fraser, et al. 2001. Multiple sclerosis in sibling pairs: An analysis of 250 families. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 71 (6): 757.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR6","first-page":"5","volume":"10","author":"AB Oturai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oturai, A.B., L.P. Ryder, S. Fredrikson, K.-M. Myhr, E.G. Celius, H.F. Harbo, et al. 2004. Concordance for disease course and age of onset in Scandinavian multiple sclerosis coaffected sib pairs. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 10 (1): 5\u20138.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25119","volume":"83","author":"AL Greenfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greenfield, A.L., and S.L. Hauser. 2018. B-cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Entering an era. Annals of Neurology 83 (1): 13\u201326.","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403243","volume":"194","author":"J Rasouli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasouli, J., B. Ciric, J. Imitola, P. Gonnella, D. Hwang, K. Mahajan, et al. 2015. Expression of GM-CSF in T cells is increased in multiple sclerosis and suppressed by IFN-\u03b2 therapy. The Journal of Immunology 194 (11): 5085\u20135093.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"34","key":"2075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025813118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025813118","volume":"118","author":"C Larochelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larochelle, C., B. Wasser, H. Jamann, J.T. L\u00f6ffel, Q.-L. Cui, O. Tastet, et al. 2021. Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (34): e2025813118.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"2075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0521-4","volume":"25","author":"E Galli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galli, E., F.J. Hartmann, B. Schreiner, F. Ingelfinger, E. Arvaniti, M. Diebold, et al. 2019. GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis. Nature Medicine 25 (8): 1290\u20131300.","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"2075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2019.100456","volume":"17","author":"M Khosravi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khosravi, M., N. Majdinasab, A. Amari, and A.A. Ghadiri. 2019. Increased frequency of CD4+ CD25high CD127low\/\u2212 regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. Gene Reports 17: 100456.","journal-title":"Gene Reports"},{"key":"2075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00604","volume":"6","author":"M Salou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salou, M., B. Nicol, A. Garcia, and D.-A. Laplaud. 2015. Involvement of CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology 6: 604.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00007-0","volume":"11","author":"M Vlaming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vlaming, M., V. Bilemjian, J.\u00c1. Freile, H.J. Lourens, N. van Rooij, G. Huls, et al. 2021. CD20 positive CD8 T cells are a unique and transcriptionally-distinct subset of T cells with distinct transmigration properties. Scientific Reports 11 (1): 20499.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22230-z","volume":"12","author":"L Radomir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Radomir, L., M.P. Kramer, M. Perpinial, N. Schottlender, S. Rabani, K. David, et al. 2021. The survival and function of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are negatively controlled by SLAMF5. Nature Communications 12 (1): 1893.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00589","volume":"14","author":"E Akyuz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akyuz, E., B.R. Celik, F.S. Aslan, H. Sahin, and E. Angelopoulou. 2023. Exploring the role of neurotransmitters in multiple sclerosis: an expanded review. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 14 (4): 527\u2013553.","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00061-1","volume":"26","author":"P Somogyi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Somogyi, P., G. Tamas, R. Lujan, and E.H. Buhl. 1998. Salient features of synaptic organisation in the cerebral cortex. Brain Research Reviews 26 (2\u20133): 113\u2013135.","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR17","first-page":"213","volume":"53","author":"AN Clarkson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clarkson, A.N., B.A. Sutherland, and I. Appleton. 2005. The biology and pathology of hypoxia-ischemia: An update. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis-English Edition- 53 (3): 213.","journal-title":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis-English Edition-"},{"issue":"S6","key":"2075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10696","volume":"54","author":"CG Ting Wong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ting Wong, C.G., T. Bottiglieri, and O.C. Snead III. 2003. Gaba, \u03b3-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease. Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society 54 (S6): S3\u2013S12.","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society"},{"key":"2075_CR19","first-page":"15","volume":"4","author":"E Demakova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Demakova, E., V. Korobov, and L. Lemkina. 2003. Determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration and activity of glutamate decarboxylase in blood serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika 4: 15\u201317.","journal-title":"Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika"},{"issue":"9","key":"2075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv209","volume":"138","author":"N Cawley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cawley, N., B.S. Solanky, N. Muhlert, C. Tur, R.A. Edden, C.A. Wheeler-Kingshott, et al. 2015. Reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration is associated with physical disability in progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 138 (9): 2584\u20132595.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2075_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Somma C, Scarano E, Barrea L, Zhukouskaya VV, Savastano S, Mele C, et al.\u00a02017. Vitamin D and neurological diseases: an endocrine view. International Journal of Molecular Sciences\u00a018(11): 2482.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112482"},{"key":"2075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117864691877665","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646918776658","volume":"11","author":"RA Fricker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fricker, R.A., E.L. Green, S.I. Jenkins, and S.M. Griffin. 2018. The influence of nicotinamide on health and disease in the central nervous system. International Journal of Tryptophan Research 11: 1178646918776658.","journal-title":"International Journal of Tryptophan Research"},{"key":"2075_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rai, S.N., P. Singh, H.W. Steinbusch, E. Vamanu, G. Ashraf, and M.P. Singh.\u00a02021. The role of vitamins in neurodegenerative disease: An update. Biomedicines 9(10): 1284.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101284"},{"key":"2075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, R.K., S. Mishra, and D. Jain. 2021. Methylcobalamine (vitamin B12): Water soluble vitamin with various pharmacological aspect. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics\u00a011(1): 130\u2013137.","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v11i1.4488"},{"key":"2075_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman, D., A. Cooke, T.R. Young, E. Deery, N.J. Robinson, and M.J. Warren. 2021. The requirement for cobalt in vitamin B12: A paradigm for protein metalation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research 1868(1): 118896.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118896"},{"key":"2075_CR26","unstructured":"Arslan, S.A., I. Arslan, and F. Tirnaksiz. 2013. Cobalamins and methylcobalamin: Coenzyme of vitamin B12. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 38(3): 151."},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13050388","volume":"13","author":"RJ Denniss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Denniss, R.J., and L.A. Barker. 2023. Brain trauma and the secondary cascade in humans: review of the potential role of vitamins in reparative processes and functional outcome. Behavioral Sciences 13 (5): 388.","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"2075_CR28","first-page":"2443","volume":"26","author":"A Cicero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cicero, A., and A. Minervino. 2022. Combined action of SAMe, Folate, and Vitamin B12 in the treatment of mood disorders: A review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 26 (7): 2443\u20132459.","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x","volume":"116","author":"J Tamura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tamura, J., K. Kubota, H. Murakami, M. Sawamura, T. Matsushima, T. Tamura, et al. 1999. Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: Augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 116 (1): 28\u201332.","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.04.004","volume":"88","author":"G Scalabrino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scalabrino, G. 2009. The multi-faceted basis of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: Lessons learned from its deficiency. Progress in Neurobiology 88 (3): 203\u2013220.","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.22.E45","volume":"22","author":"S Buesing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buesing, S., M. Costa, J.M. Schilling, and T. Moeller-Bertram. 2019. Vitamin B12 as a treatment for pain. Pain Physician 22 (1): E45\u2013e52.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"07","key":"2075_CR32","first-page":"324","volume":"62","author":"H Hosseinzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hosseinzadeh, H., S.A. Moallem, M. Moshiri, M.S. Sarnavazi, and L. Etemad. 2012. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) against acute and chronic pain and inflammation in mice. Arzneimittel-Forschung 62 (07): 324\u2013329.","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR33","first-page":"332","volume":"21","author":"MS Hesamian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hesamian, M.S., V. Shaygannejad, M. Golabi, O. Mirmosayyeb, A. Andalib, and N. Eskandari. 2022. The role of Cobalamin on Interleukin 10, Osteopontin, and related MicroRNAs in multiple sclerosis. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 21 (3): 332\u2013343.","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.0208","volume":"19","author":"AB Baskaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baskaran, A.B., E. Grebenciucova, T. Shoemaker, and E.L. Graham. 2023. Current updates on the diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis for the general neurologist. Journal of Clinical Neurology 19 (3): 217\u2013229.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"2075_CR35","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Toxic\/metabolic diseases of the nervous system","author":"H Penticoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penticoff, H., and J. Fortin. 2023. Toxic\/metabolic diseases of the nervous system, 379\u2013401. Neurobiology of Brain Disorders: Elsevier."},{"key":"2075_CR36","unstructured":"Tegegne, S.M. 2017. Studies on vitamin B12 deficiency: Trans-generational effects in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and a community-based cross-sectional study in human subjects. La Trobe."},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406413666170906123857","volume":"14","author":"N Nemazannikova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nemazannikova, N., K. Mikkelsen, L. Stojanovska, L.G. Blatch, and V. Apostolopoulos. 2018. Is there a link between vitamin B and multiple sclerosis? Medicinal Chemistry 14 (2): 170\u2013180.","journal-title":"Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"2075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb17085.x","volume":"669","author":"H Sies","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sies, H., W. Stahl, and A.R. Sundquist. 1992. Antioxidant functions of vitamins. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 669: 7\u201320.","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0186-5","volume":"15","author":"EB Kurutas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kurutas, E.B. 2015. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative\/nitrosative stress: Current state. Nutrition Journal 15 (1): 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"key":"2075_CR40","volume-title":"National center for biotechnology information","author":"V Reyes","year":"1923","unstructured":"Reyes, V., O. Mart\u00ednez, and G. Hern\u00e1ndez. 1923. National center for biotechnology information. Calzada Antonio Narro: Plant Breeding Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro."},{"issue":"10","key":"2075_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101284","volume":"9","author":"SN Rai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rai, S.N., P. Singh, H.W. Steinbusch, E. Vamanu, G. Ashraf, and M.P. Singh. 2021. The role of vitamins in neurodegenerative disease: An update. Biomedicines 9 (10): 1284.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030720z","volume":"105","author":"KL Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown, K.L. 2005. Chemistry and enzymology of vitamin B12. Chemical Reviews 105 (6): 2075\u20132150.","journal-title":"Chemical Reviews"},{"key":"2075_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobczy\u0144ska-Malefora, A., E. Delvin, A. McCaddon, K.R. Ahmadi, and D.J. Harrington. 2021. Vitamin B12 status in health and disease: A critical review. Diagnosis of deficiency and insufficiency\u2013clinical and laboratory pitfalls. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 58(6): 399\u2013429.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2021.1885339"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2852","volume":"103","author":"JC Fyfe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fyfe, J.C., M. Madsen, P. H\u00f8jrup, E.I. Christensen, S.M. Tanner, A. de la Chapelle, et al. 2004. The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)\u2013intrinsic factor receptor is a novel complex of cubilin and amnionless. Blood 103 (5): 1573\u20131579.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR45","first-page":"536","volume":"54","author":"M Ryan-Harshman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ryan-Harshman, M., and W. Aldoori. 2008. Vitamin B12 and health. Canadian Family Physician 54 (4): 536\u2013541.","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR46","first-page":"153","volume":"7","author":"CE Teunissen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teunissen, C.E., A. Blom, M. Van Boxtel, H. Bosma, C. de Bruijn, J. Jolles, et al. 2003. Homocysteine: A marker for cognitive performance? A longitudinal follow-up study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 7 (3): 153\u2013159.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"key":"2075_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gombart, A.F., A. Pierre, and S. Maggini. 2020. A review of micronutrients and the immune system\u2013working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients 12(1): 236.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010236"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.71.1.60","volume":"71","author":"U Funada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Funada, U., M. Wada, T. Kawata, K. Mori, H. Tamai, T. Isshiki, et al. 2001. Vitamin B-12-deficiency affects immunoglobulin production and cytokine levels in mice. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 71 (1): 60\u201365.","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"2075_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzo, G., A.S. Lagan\u00e0, A.M.C. Rapisarda, G.M.G. La Ferrera, M. Buscema, P. Rossetti, et al.\u00a02016. Vitamin B12 among vegetarians: Status, assessment and supplementation. Nutrients 8(12): 767.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8120767"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00870.x","volume":"116","author":"J Tamura","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tamura, J., K. Kubota, H. Murakami, M. Sawamura, T. Matsushima, T. Tamura, et al. 1999. Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: Augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 116 (1): 28\u201332.","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"2075_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunt, T.M., W. van den Brink, and J. van Amsterdam. 2022. Mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity and abuse liability of nitrous oxide: A narrative review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences\u00a023(23): 14747.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314747"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.021634","volume":"50","author":"H Refsum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Refsum, H., A.D. Smith, P.M. Ueland, E. Nexo, R. Clarke, J. McPartlin, et al. 2004. Facts and recommendations about total homocysteine determinations: An expert opinion. Clinical Chemistry 50 (1): 3\u201332.","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0216-4","volume":"51","author":"T Hasan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hasan, T., R. Arora, A.K. Bansal, R. Bhattacharya, G.S. Sharma, and L.R. Singh. 2019. Disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 51 (2): 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Experimental & Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa171","volume":"12","author":"I Trujillo-Mayol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trujillo-Mayol, I., M. Guerra-Valle, N. Casas-Forero, M.M.C. Sobral, O. Viegas, J. Alarc\u00f3n-Enos, et al. 2021. Western dietary pattern antioxidant intakes and oxidative stress: importance during the SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 pandemic. Advances in Nutrition 12 (3): 670\u2013681.","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1108\/NFS-01-2022-0015","volume":"53","author":"S Ebrahimpour-Koujan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ebrahimpour-Koujan, S., A.A. Sohrabpour, S. Safari, N. Baziar, S. Hadavi, L. Payahoo, and S. Shabani. 2023. A comprehensive nutritional support perspective in patients with COVID-19: A review. Nutrition & Food Science 53 (2): 334\u2013357.","journal-title":"Nutrition & Food Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916893","volume":"2","author":"T Sakane","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sakane, T., S. Takada, H. Kotani, and T. Tsunematsu. 1982. Effects of methyl-B12 on the in vitro immune functions of human T lymphocytes. Journal of Clinical Immunology 2 (2): 101\u2013109.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"2075_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moatasim, Y., O. Kutkat, A.M. Osman, M.R. Gomaa, F. Okda, M. El Sayes, et al. 2023. Potent antiviral activity of vitamin B12 against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus 229E. Microorganisms 11(11): 2777.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112777"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13252","volume":"27","author":"K Servin Arce","year":"2021","unstructured":"Servin Arce, K., C. de Souza Valente, G. de Vale Pereira, B. Shapira, and S.J. Davies. 2021. Modulation of the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) by dietary inclusion of a functional yeast cell wall-based additive. Aquaculture Nutrition 27 (4): 1114\u201327.","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab092","volume":"80","author":"KS Batista","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batista, K.S., V.M. Cintra, P.A.F. Lucena, R. Manh\u00e3es-de-Castro, A.E. Toscano, L.P. Costa, et al. 2022. The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: A comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutrition Reviews 80 (3): 561\u2013578.","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR60","first-page":"160","volume":"19","author":"K Bjornevik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bjornevik, K., C. M\u00fcnz, J.I. Cohen, and A. Ascherio. 2023. Epstein-Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and implications. Nature Reviews. Neurology 19 (3): 160\u2013171.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26969","volume":"89","author":"L Feng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feng, L., J. Li, K.B. Yap, E.H. Kua, and T.P. Ng. 2009. Vitamin B-12, apolipoprotein E genotype, and cognitive performance in community-living older adults: Evidence of a gene-micronutrient interaction. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89 (4): 1263\u20131268.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P41","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.1.P41","volume":"60","author":"D Bunce","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bunce, D., M. Kivipelto, A. Wahlin, and E. Apolipoprotein. 2005. B vitamins, and cognitive function in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 60 (1): P41\u2013P48.","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2075_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104011","volume":"65","author":"A Naseri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naseri, A., K. Baghernezhad, S. Seyedi-Sahebari, S.A. Alhoseini, E. Gholipour-Khalili, F. Zafarani, and M. Talebi. 2022. The association of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 65: 104011.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e677","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002329","volume":"44","author":"N Karabayir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karabayir, N., B.G. Teber, H.K. Dursun, and L.S. Pehlivan. 2022. Is there an association between vitamin B12 level and vitamin D status in children? Journal of Pediatric Hematology\/oncology 44 (3): e677\u2013e681.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Hematology\/oncology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12636","volume":"32","author":"MI da Rosa","year":"2019","unstructured":"da Rosa, M.I., W.O. Beck, T. Colonetti, J. Budni, A.C.B. Falchetti, L. Colonetti, et al. 2019. Association of vitamin D and vitamin B(12) with cognitive impairment in elderly aged 80 years or older: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics 32 (4): 518\u2013524.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0086-4","volume":"7","author":"MB Sintzel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sintzel, M.B., M. Rametta, and A.T. Reder. 2018. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review. Neurology and Therapy 7 (1): 59\u201385.","journal-title":"Neurology and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-2863(90)90070-2","volume":"1","author":"JD Finkelstein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Finkelstein, J.D. 1990. Methionine metabolism in mammals. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 1 (5): 228\u2013237.","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.037","volume":"81","author":"M Varela-Rey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Varela-Rey, M., M. Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, J.J. Lozano, A.M. Aransay, A.F. Fernandez, J.L. Lavin, et al. 2014. S-adenosylmethionine levels regulate the schwann cell DNA methylome. Neuron 81 (5): 1024\u20131039.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.08.009","volume":"4","author":"N Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, N. 2018. Role of methionine on epigenetic modification of DNA methylation and gene expression in animals. Animal Nutrition 4 (1): 11\u201316.","journal-title":"Animal Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00049-0","volume":"61","author":"B Garbay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Garbay, B., A.M. Heape, F. Sargueil, and C. Cassagne. 2000. Myelin synthesis in the peripheral nervous system. Progress in Neurobiology 61 (3): 267\u2013304.","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(97)00009-5","volume":"29","author":"S Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim, S., I.K. Lim, G.H. Park, and W.K. Paik. 1997. Biological methylation of myelin basic protein: Enzymology and biological significance. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 29 (5): 743\u2013751.","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"issue":"3971","key":"2075_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3971.579","volume":"171","author":"GS Baldwin","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baldwin, G.S., and P.R. Carnegie. 1971. Specific enzymic methylation of an arginine in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis protein from human myelin. Science 171 (3971): 579\u2013581.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490160204","volume":"16","author":"SG Amur","year":"1986","unstructured":"Amur, S.G., G. Shanker, J.M. Cochran, H.S. Ved, and R.A. Pieringer. 1986. Correlation between inhibition of myelin basic protein (arginine) methyltransferase by sinefungin and lack of compact myelin formation in cultures of cerebral cells from embryonic mice. Journal of Neuroscience Research 16 (2): 367\u2013376.","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-013-9750-1","volume":"68","author":"M Akram","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akram, M. 2014. Citric acid cycle and role of its intermediates in metabolism. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 68 (3): 475\u2013478.","journal-title":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2075_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00010","volume":"11","author":"TJ Tracey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tracey, T.J., F.J. Steyn, E.J. Wolvetang, and S.T. Ngo. 2018. Neuronal lipid metabolism: multiple pathways driving functional outcomes in health and disease. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 11: 10.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"2075_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00298","volume":"9","author":"S Nishimoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nishimoto, S., H. Tanaka, M. Okamoto, K. Okada, T. Murase, and H. Yoshikawa. 2015. Methylcobalamin promotes the differentiation of Schwann cells and remyelination in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelination of the rat sciatic nerve. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 9: 298.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2075_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114521","volume":"5","author":"C Briani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Briani, C., C. Dalla Torre, V. Citton, R. Manara, S. Pompanin, G. Binotto, and F. Adami. 2013. Cobalamin deficiency: Clinical picture and radiological findings. Nutrients 5 (11): 4521\u20134539.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-014-0107-3","volume":"16","author":"J Brescoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brescoll, J., and S. Daveluy. 2015. A review of vitamin B12 in dermatology. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 16 (1): 27\u201333.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"},{"key":"2075_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00060-7","volume":"120","author":"N Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N. 2014. Neurologic aspects of cobalamin (B12) deficiency. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 120: 915\u2013926.","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-2256-8","volume":"13","author":"P Loveland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loveland, P., A. Wong, V. Vivekanandam, and W.K. Lim. 2019. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord masking motor neuron disease: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 13 (1): 336.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Case Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830513Y.0000000073","volume":"17","author":"J Kalita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalita, J., S. Chandra, S.K. Bhoi, R. Agarwal, U.K. Misra, S.K. Shankar, and A. Mahadevan. 2014. Clinical, nerve conduction and nerve biopsy study in vitamin B12 deficiency neurological syndrome with a short-term follow-up. Nutritional Neuroscience 17 (4): 156\u2013163.","journal-title":"Nutritional Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800754RR","volume":"33","author":"K Arora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arora, K., J.M. Sequeira, J.M. Alarcon, B. Wasek, E. Arning, T. Bottiglieri, and E.V. Quadros. 2019. Neuropathology of vitamin B(12) deficiency in the Cd320(-\/-) mouse. FASEB Journal\u202f: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 33 (2): 2563\u20132573.","journal-title":"FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"key":"2075_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schleicher, E., T. Didangelos, E. Kotzakioulafi, A. Cegan, A. Peter, and K. Kantartzis. 2023. Clinical pathobiochemistry of vitamin B12 deficiency: Improving our understanding by exploring novel mechanisms with a focus on diabetic neuropathy. Nutrients 15(11): 2597.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112597"},{"key":"2075_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.38.188.27941","volume":"38","author":"BE Hasbaoui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasbaoui, B.E., N. Mebrouk, S. Saghir, A.E. Yajouri, R. Abilkassem, and A. Agadr. 2021. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Case report and review of literature. The Pan African Medical Journal 38: 237.","journal-title":"The Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"2075_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.50.1.137","volume":"50","author":"JR Roth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roth, J.R., J.G. Lawrence, and T.A. Bobik. 1996. Cobalamin (coenzyme B12): Synthesis and biological significance. Annual Review of Microbiology 50: 137\u2013181.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Microbiology"},{"issue":"7064","key":"2075_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04056","volume":"438","author":"MT Croft","year":"2005","unstructured":"Croft, M.T., A.D. Lawrence, E. Raux-Deery, M.J. Warren, and A.G. Smith. 2005. Algae acquire vitamin B12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. Nature 438 (7064): 90\u201393.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2075_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3181\/0703-MR-67","volume":"232","author":"F Watanabe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watanabe, F. 2007. Vitamin B12 sources and bioavailability. Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 232 (10): 1266\u20131274.","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)"},{"key":"2075_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46812-3_17","volume":"12","author":"GJ Russell-Jones","year":"1999","unstructured":"Russell-Jones, G.J., and D.H. Alpers. 1999. Vitamin B12 transporters. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 12: 493\u2013520.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108187","volume":"56","author":"CA Hall","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hall, C.A. 1975. Transcobalamins I and II as natural transport proteins of vitamin B12. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 56 (5): 1125\u20131131.","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2075_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nijland, M., J.M.M. Felices, D.J. Slotboom, and C. Thangaratnarajah. 2022. Membrane transport of cobalamin. In Vitamins and hormones, vol. 119, p. 121\u2013148. Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2022.01.008"},{"issue":"10","key":"2075_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2386","volume":"44","author":"D Coelho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coelho, D., J.C. Kim, I.R. Miousse, S. Fung, M. du Moulin, I. Buers, et al. 2012. Mutations in ABCD4 cause a new inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism. Nature Genetics 44 (10): 1152\u20131155.","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.294","volume":"41","author":"F Rutsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rutsch, F., S. Gailus, I.R. Miousse, T. Suormala, C. Sagn\u00e9, M.R. Toliat, et al. 2009. Identification of a putative lysosomal cobalamin exporter altered in the cblF defect of vitamin B12 metabolism. Nature Genetics 41 (2): 234\u2013239.","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"38","key":"2075_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14551","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805989105","volume":"105","author":"J Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim, J., C. Gherasim, and R. Banerjee. 2008. Decyanation of vitamin B12 by a trafficking chaperone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (38): 14551\u201314554.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12009","volume":"42","author":"DS Froese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Froese, D.S., B. Fowler, and M.R. Baumgartner. 2019. Vitamin B12, folate, and the methionine remethylation cycle\u2014biochemistry, pathways, and regulation. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 42 (4): 673\u2013685.","journal-title":"Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1683","volume":"38","author":"JP Lerner-Ellis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lerner-Ellis, J.P., J.C. Tirone, P.D. Pawelek, C. Dor\u00e9, J.L. Atkinson, D. Watkins, et al. 2006. Identification of the gene responsible for methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type. Nature Genetics 38 (1): 93\u2013100.","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"49","key":"2075_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29167","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.683268","volume":"290","author":"DS Froese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Froese, D.S., J. Kopec, F. Fitzpatrick, M. Schuller, T.J. McCorvie, R. Chalk, et al. 2015. Structural insights into the MMACHC-MMADHC protein complex involved in vitamin B12 trafficking. Journal of Biological Chemistry 290 (49): 29167\u201329177.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"14","key":"2075_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072200","volume":"358","author":"D Coelho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coelho, D., T. Suormala, M. Stucki, J.P. Lerner-Ellis, D.S. Rosenblatt, R.F. Newbold, et al. 2008. Gene identification for the cblD defect of vitamin B12 metabolism. New England Journal of Medicine 358 (14): 1454\u20131464.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00711908","volume":"16","author":"R Surtees","year":"1993","unstructured":"Surtees, R. 1993. Biochemical pathogenesis of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and brain. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 16 (4): 762\u2013770.","journal-title":"Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease"},{"key":"2075_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgmr.2019.100560","volume":"22","author":"L Pollini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollini, L., M. Tolve, F. Nardecchia, S. Galosi, C. Carducci, E. di Carlo, et al. 2020. Multiple sclerosis and intracellular cobalamin defect (MMACHC\/PRDX1) comorbidity in a young male. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports 22: 100560.","journal-title":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.4.5.2407589","volume":"4","author":"RV Banerjee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Banerjee, R.V., and R.G. Matthews. 1990. Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. The FASEB Journal 4 (5): 1450\u20131459.","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"2075_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-010-9486-y","volume":"44","author":"S Alatab","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alatab, S., A. Hossein-nezhad, K. Mirzaei, F. Mokhtari, G. Shariati, and A. Najmafshar. 2011. Inflammatory profile, age of onset, and the MTHFR polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 44: 6\u201311.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.01.005","volume":"69","author":"L Tajouri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tajouri, L., V. Martin, C. Gasparini, M. Ovcaric, R. Curtain, R.A. Lea, et al. 2006. Genetic investigation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in multiple sclerosis. Brain Research Bulletin 69 (3): 327\u2013331.","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"11","key":"2075_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2318-7","volume":"36","author":"YH Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, Y.H., Y.H. Seo, J.H. Kim, S.J. Choi, J.D. Ji, and G.G. Song. 2015. Meta-analysis of associations between MTHFR and GST polymorphisms and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences 36 (11): 2089\u20132096.","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"51","key":"2075_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15188","DOI":"10.1021\/bi061396f","volume":"45","author":"HL Schubert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schubert, H.L., and C.P. Hill. 2006. Structure of ATP-bound human ATP:Cobalamin adenosyltransferase. Biochemistry 45 (51): 15188\u201315196.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"46","key":"2075_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47536","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405449200","volume":"279","author":"NA Leal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leal, N.A., H. Olteanu, R. Banerjee, and T.A. Bobik. 2004. Human ATP: Cob (I) alamin adenosyltransferase and its interaction with methionine synthase reductase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (46): 47536\u201347542.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"26","key":"2075_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.26.3361","volume":"11","author":"CM Dobson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dobson, C.M., T. Wai, D. Leclerc, H. Kadir, M. Narang, J.P. Lerner-Ellis, et al. 2002. Identification of the gene responsible for the cblB complementation group of vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonic aciduria. Human Molecular Genetics 11 (26): 3361\u20133369.","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2075_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2017.09.012","volume":"142","author":"T Takahashi-I\u00f1iguez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takahashi-I\u00f1iguez, T., A. Gonz\u00e1lez-Noriega, C. Michalak, and M.E. Flores. 2017. Human MMAA induces the release of inactive cofactor and restores methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity through their complex formation. Biochimie 142: 191\u2013196.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"issue":"24","key":"2075_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242614799","volume":"99","author":"CM Dobson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dobson, C.M., T. Wai, D. Leclerc, A. Wilson, X. Wu, C. Dor\u00e9, et al. 2002. Identification of the gene responsible for the cblA complementation group of vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia based on analysis of prokaryotic gene arrangements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (24): 15554\u201315559.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0348-9","volume":"251","author":"Y Gilgun-Sherki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gilgun-Sherki, Y., E. Melamed, and D. Offen. 2004. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: The need for effective antioxidant therapy. Journal of Neurology 251 (3): 261\u2013268.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"2075_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725370","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/725370","volume":"2015","author":"L Haider","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haider, L. 2015. Inflammation, iron, energy failure, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015: 725370.","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2075_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000363515","volume":"72","author":"P Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, P., K. Xie, C. Wang, and J. Bi. 2014. Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation is related with inflammation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. European Neurology 72 (3\u20134): 249\u2013254.","journal-title":"European Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2012.01.023","volume":"45","author":"I Tasset","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tasset, I., E. Ag\u00fcera, F. S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez, M. Feij\u00f3o, A.I. Giraldo, A.H. Cruz, et al. 2012. Peripheral oxidative stress in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clinical Biochemistry 45 (6): 440\u2013444.","journal-title":"Clinical Biochemistry"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"2075_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr128","volume":"134","author":"L Haider","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haider, L., M.T. Fischer, J.M. Frischer, J. Bauer, R. H\u00f6ftberger, G. Botond, et al. 2011. Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 134 (Pt 7): 1914\u20131924.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0442-1","volume":"36","author":"E Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller, E., M. Mrowicka, J. Saluk-Juszczak, and M. Ireneusz. 2011. The level of isoprostanes as a non-invasive marker for in vivo lipid peroxidation in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurochemical Research 36 (6): 1012\u20131016.","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/325847","volume":"26","author":"GG Ortiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ortiz, G.G., M.A. Mac\u00edas-Islas, F.P. Pacheco-Mois\u00e9s, J.A. Cruz-Ramos, S. Sustersik, E.A. Barba, and A. Aguayo. 2009. Oxidative stress is increased in serum from Mexican patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Disease Markers 26 (1): 35\u201339.","journal-title":"Disease Markers"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1263-5","volume":"128","author":"C Schuh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schuh, C., I. Wimmer, S. Hametner, L. Haider, A.M. Van Dam, R.S. Liblau, et al. 2014. Oxidative tissue injury in multiple sclerosis is only partly reflected in experimental disease models. Acta Neuropathologica 128 (2): 247\u2013266.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"2075_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzepka, Z., J. Rok, M. Respondek, J. Pawlik, A. Beberok, D. Gryko, and D. Wrze\u015bniok.\u00a02019. Cobalamin deficiency: Effect on homeostasis of cultured human astrocytes. Cells 8(12): 1505.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121505"},{"issue":"10","key":"2075_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.07.002","volume":"27","author":"AK Offringa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Offringa, A.K., A.R. Bourgonje, M.S. Schrier, R.C. Deth, and H. van Goor. 2021. Clinical implications of vitamin B12 as redox-active cofactor. Trends in Molecular Medicine 27 (10): 931\u2013934.","journal-title":"Trends in Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2075_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2009.06.007","volume":"98","author":"PJ Mc Guire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mc Guire, P.J., A. Parikh, and G.A. Diaz. 2009. Profiling of oxidative stress in patients with inborn errors of metabolism. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 98 (1\u20132): 173\u2013180.","journal-title":"Molecular Genetics and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"2075_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.034","volume":"51","author":"ES Moreira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moreira, E.S., N.E. Brasch, and J. Yun. 2011. Vitamin B12 protects against superoxide-induced cell injury in human aortic endothelial cells. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 51 (4): 876\u2013883.","journal-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.05.015","volume":"16","author":"B Kocer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kocer, B., S. Engur, F. Ak, and M. Yilmaz. 2009. Serum vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels and their association with clinical and electrophysiological parameters in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience\u202f: Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 16 (3): 399\u2013403.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR122","first-page":"160","volume":"33","author":"M Saka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saka, M., M. Saka, E. Koseler, S. Metin, S. Bilen, M. Aslanyavrusu, et al. 2012. Nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of patients with multiple sclerosis. Saudi Medical Journal 33 (2): 160\u2013166.","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1992.00530300089014","volume":"49","author":"EH Reynolds","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reynolds, E.H., T. Bottiglieri, M. Laundy, R.F. Crellin, and S.G. Kirker. 1992. Vitamin B12 metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 49 (6): 649\u2013652.","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2075_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.05.007","volume":"115","author":"M Moghaddasi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moghaddasi, M., M. Mamarabadi, N. Mohebi, H. Razjouyan, and M. Aghaei. 2013. Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels in Iranian patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A case control study. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 115 (9): 1802\u20131805.","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"2075_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2018.1435538","volume":"128","author":"EM Fahmy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fahmy, E.M., N.M. Elfayoumy, A.M. Abdelalim, S.A. Sharaf, R.S. Ismail, and H. Elshebawy. 2018. Relation of serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate to cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients. The International Journal of Neuroscience 128 (9): 835\u2013841.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2075_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ueno, A., T. Hamano, S. Enomoto, N. Shirafuji, M. Nagata, H. Kimura, et al. 2022. Influences of vitamin B12 supplementation on cognition and homocysteine in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive impairment. Nutrients 14(7): 1494.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071494"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2075_CR127","first-page":"93","volume":"71","author":"R Sandyk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sandyk, R., and G.I. Awerbuch. 1993. Vitamin B12 and its relationship to age of onset of multiple sclerosis. The International Journal of Neuroscience 71 (1\u20134): 93\u201399.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms918oa","volume":"9","author":"M Vrethem","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vrethem, M., E. Mattsson, H. Hebelka, K. Leerbeck, A. Osterberg, A.M. Landtblom, et al. 2003. Increased plasma homocysteine levels without signs of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis assessed by blood and cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 9 (3): 239\u2013245.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03998.x","volume":"60","author":"K Leishear","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leishear, K., R.M. Boudreau, S.A. Studenski, L. Ferrucci, C. Rosano, N. de Rekeneire, et al. 2012. Relationship between vitamin B12 and sensory and motor peripheral nerve function in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 60 (6): 1057\u20131063.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"2075_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.42058","volume":"17","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, X., J. Yuan, J. Han, and W. Hu. 2020. Serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate in patients with multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis. International Journal of Medical Sciences 17 (6): 751\u2013761.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"2075_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101395","volume":"36","author":"L Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan, L., Y. Yin, J. Chen, Z. Ma, Y. Chen, X. Deng, et al. 2019. Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels in patients with multiple sclerosis in Chinese population: A case-control study and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 36: 101395.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"2075_CR132","first-page":"1478","volume":"41","author":"W Herrmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herrmann, W., R. Obeid, H. Schorr, and J. Geisel. 2003. Functional vitamin B12 deficiency and determination of holotranscobalamin in populations at risk. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 41 (11): 1478\u20131488.","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5764-4","volume":"258","author":"W Schrempf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schrempf, W., M. Eulitz, V. Neumeister, G. Siegert, R. Koch, H. Reichmann, and A. Storch. 2011. Utility of measuring vitamin B12 and its active fraction, holotranscobalamin, in neurological vitamin B12 deficiency syndromes. Journal of Neurology 258 (3): 393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2019.8.1.36","volume":"8","author":"E Nozari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nozari, E., S. Ghavamzadeh, and N. Razazian. 2019. The effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on serum homocysteine, anemia status and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Nutrition Research 8 (1): 36\u201345.","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition Research"},{"key":"2075_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104743","volume":"75","author":"F Shemirani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shemirani, F., T.J. Titcomb, S.M. Saxby, P.T. Eyck, L.M. Rubenstein, K.F. Hoth, et al. 2023. Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B(12) and mood following the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary analysis of the WAVES trial. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 75: 104743.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2020.03031","volume":"14","author":"F Mallone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mallone, F., L. Lucchino, F. Franzone, M. Marenco, S.C. Carlesimo, and A. Moramarco. 2020. High-dose vitamin B supplementation for persistent visual deficit in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 14 (3): 122\u2013128.","journal-title":"Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.3.246","volume":"73","author":"DT Wade","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wade, D.T., C.A. Young, K.R. Chaudhuri, and D.L. Davidson. 2002. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine (the \u201cCari Loder regime\u201d) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 73 (3): 246\u2013249.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.33.82","volume":"33","author":"J Kira","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kira, J., S. Tobimatsu, and I. Goto. 1994. Vitamin B12 metabolism and massive-dose methyl vitamin B12 therapy in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 33 (2): 82\u201386.","journal-title":"Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)"},{"key":"2075_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S274122","volume":"16","author":"CA Calderon-Ospina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calderon-Ospina, C.A., M.O. Nava-Mesa, and A.M. Paez-Hurtado. 2020. Update on safety profiles of vitamins B1, B6, and B12: a narrative review. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 16: 1275\u20131288.","journal-title":"Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management"},{"key":"2075_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tryfonos, C., M. Mantzorou, D. Fotiou, M. Vrizas, K. Vadikolias, E. Pavlidou, C. Giaginis.\u00a02019. Dietary supplements on controlling multiple sclerosis symptoms and relapses: Current clinical evidence and future perspectives. Medicines 6(3): 95.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6030095"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-018-0496-3","volume":"20","author":"JR Ciotti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ciotti, J.R., and A.H. Cross. 2018. Disease-modifying treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis. Current Treatment Options in Neurology 20 (5): 12.","journal-title":"Current Treatment Options in Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2075_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70231-5","volume":"14","author":"A Feinstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feinstein, A., J. Freeman, and A.C. Lo. 2015. Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: What works, what does not, and what is needed. Lancet Neurology 14 (2): 194\u2013207.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"2075_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0984-5","volume":"78","author":"LE Baldassari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baldassari, L.E., and R.J. Fox. 2018. Therapeutic advances and challenges in the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis. Drugs 78 (15): 1549\u20131566.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"17 Suppl","key":"2075_CR144","first-page":"s343","volume":"19","author":"B Weinstock-Guttman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weinstock-Guttman, B. 2013. An update on new and emerging therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The American Journal of Managed Care 19 (17 Suppl): s343\u2013s354.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"2075_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-019-0005-5","volume":"1","author":"RA Linker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linker, R.A., and A. Chan. 2019. Navigating choice in multiple sclerosis management. Neurological Research and Practice 1: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurological Research and Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"2075_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.157","volume":"11","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wattjes, M.P., \u00c0. Rovira, D. Miller, T.A. Yousry, M.P. Sormani, M.P. de Stefano, et al. 2015. Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis\u2013establishing disease prognosis and monitoring patients. Nature Reviews Neurology 11 (10): 597\u2013606.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00838168","volume":"240","author":"ST Frequin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Frequin, S.T., R.A. Wevers, M. Braam, F. Barkhof, and O.R. Hommes. 1993. Decreased vitamin B12 and folate levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of multiple sclerosis patients after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Journal of Neurology 240 (5): 305\u2013308.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms951oa","volume":"9","author":"A Jansson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jansson, A., J. Ernerudh, M. Kvarnstr\u00f6m, C. Ekerfelt, and M. Vrethem. 2003. Elispot assay detection of cytokine secretion in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta1a or glatiramer acetate compared with untreated patients. Multiple Sclerosis 9 (5): 440\u2013445.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2075_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-016-3153-0","volume":"78","author":"VJ Forster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forster, V.J., F.W. van Delft, S.F. Baird, S. Mair, R. Skinner, and C. Halsey. 2016. Drug interactions may be important risk factors for methotrexate neurotoxicity, particularly in pediatric leukemia patients. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 78 (5): 1093\u20131096.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2075_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01992-1","volume":"393","author":"D Karabulut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karabulut, D., E. Ozturk, N. Kuloglu, A.T. Akin, E. Kaymak, and B. Yakan. 2020. Effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate hepatotoxicity: Evaluation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives of Pharmacology 393 (12): 2473\u20132480.","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Archives of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-021-10027-9","volume":"53","author":"E Ozturk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozturk, E., D. Karabulut, A.T. Akin, E. Kaymak, N. Kuloglu, and B. Yakan. 2022. Evaluation by different mechanisms of the protective effects of vitamin B12 on methotrexate nephrotoxicity. Journal of Molecular Histology 53 (1): 133\u2013143.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Histology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR152","first-page":"35","volume":"15","author":"N Delfan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Delfan, N., H. Galehdari, F. Ghanbari Mardasi, R. Zabihi, T. Latifi Pakdehi, T. Seifi, and N. Majdinasab. 2021. Association of HLA-DR2-Related Haplotype (HLA-DRB5*01-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Khuzestan Province. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 15 (3): 35\u201346.","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2075_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1086\/367781","volume":"72","author":"LF Barcellos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barcellos, L.F., J.R. Oksenberg, A.B. Begovich, E.R. Martin, S. Schmidt, E. Vittinghoff, et al. 2003. HLA-DR2 dose effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and influence on disease course. American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (3): 710\u2013716.","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"6266","key":"2075_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6266.768","volume":"282","author":"B Ungar","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ungar, B., J.D. Mathews, B.D. Tait, and D.C. Cowling. 1981. HLA-DR patterns in pernicious anaemia. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition) 282 (6266): 768\u2013770.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2075_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00672.x","volume":"17","author":"M Thomsen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Thomsen, M., F. J\u00f8rgensen, M. Brandsborg, P. Gimsing, J.L. Nielsen, L.P. Ryder, and A. Svejgaard. 1981. Association of pernicious anemia and intrinsic factor antibody with HLA-D. Tissue Antigens 17 (1): 97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"11","key":"2075_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/gm105","volume":"1","author":"SV Ramagopalan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramagopalan, S.V., and G.C. Ebers. 2009. Multiple sclerosis: Major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation. Genome Medicine 1 (11): 105.","journal-title":"Genome Medicine"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T09:05:37Z","timestamp":1746435937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02075-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}