{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:46:03Z","timestamp":1792608363723,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009448","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved from the conventional \u201ctreat-to-target\u201d approach to strategies that emphasize individualized, patient-centered care. Concepts such as \u201ctherapeutic matchmaking\u201d and \u201csmart-to-target\u201d highlight the importance of biomarkers, comorbidities, and quality-of-life priorities in selecting treatments. There is increasing evidence that identifies the gut-joint axis as a critical factor in RA pathogenesis. This axis links gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier integrity, and systemic inflammation. Dysbiosis, reduced short-chain fatty acid production, and increased gut permeability can lead to immune dysregulation and joint inflammation. Nutritional interventions, such as high-fiber diets, prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids, can restore microbial balance, enhance barrier function, and reduce inflammation. Precision nutrition, which tailors dietary recommendations based on genetic, microbiome, metabolic, and lifestyle factors, provides a framework for incorporating gut health into RA management. Microbiome-guided dietary strategies may improve responses to pharmacologic treatments, enable early intervention, and provide preventive benefits for high-risk individuals. Combining personalized nutrition with pharmacotherapy could optimize disease control, mitigate side effects, and promote sustainable, patient-empowering care. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials and advanced analytic tools to refine predictive models and establish personalized nutrition as a cornerstone of holistic RA management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:13:22Z","timestamp":1765966402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrating Nutrition into Precision Medicine for Controlling Systemic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6727-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Ingegnoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9406-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saviana","family":"Gandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ciccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Caporali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207524","volume":"75","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen, J.S., F.C. Breedveld, G.R. Burmester, V. Bykerk, M. Dougados, P. Emery, T.K. Kvien, M.V. Navarro-Compan, S. Oliver, M. Schoels, M. Scholte-Voshaar, T. Stamm, M. Stoffer, T. Takeuchi, D. Aletaha, J.L. Andreu, M. Aringer, M. Bergman, N. Betteridge, H. Bijlsma, H. Burkhardt, M. Cardiel, B. Combe, P. Durez, J.E. Fonseca, A. Gibofsky, J.J. Gomez-Reino, W. Graninger, P. Hannonen, B. Haraoui, M. Kouloumas, R. Landewe, E. Martin-Mola, P. Nash, M. Ostergaard, A. Ostor, P. Richards, T. Sokka-Isler, C. Thorne, A.G. Tzioufas, R. van Vollenhoven, M. de Wit, and D. van der Heijde. 2016. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75 (1): 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207524.","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"2373_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01169-7","volume":"20","author":"V Konzett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Konzett, V., and D. Aletaha. 2024. Management strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 20(12):760\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-024-01169-7","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2373_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42507","volume":"75","author":"BR England","year":"2023","unstructured":"England, B.R., B.J. Smith, N.A. Baker, J.L. Barton, C.A. Oatis, G. Guyatt, A. Anandarajah, K. Carandang, K.K. Chan, D. Constien, E. Davidson, C.V. Dodge, A. Bemis-Dougherty, S. Everett, N. Fisher, L. Fraenkel, S.M. Goodman, J. Lewis, V. Menzies, L.W. Moreland, I. Navarro-Millan, S. Patterson, L.R. Phillips, N. Shah, N. Singh, D. White, R. AlHeresh, K.E. Barbour, T. Bye, D. Guglielmo, R. Haberman, T. Johnson, A. Kleiner, Lane, D. Sztubinski, L. Thoma, V. Tsaltskan, M. Turgunbaev, C. Wells, A.S. Turner, and J.R. Treadwell. 2023. 2022 American college of rheumatology guideline for exercise, rehabilitation, diet, and additional integrative interventions for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 75 (8): 1299\u20131311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42507. CY, Li, LC, Master, H, Pinto, D, Poole, JL, Steinbarger, K.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222020","volume":"82","author":"JM Gwinnutt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gwinnutt, J.M., M. Wieczorek, A. Balanescu, H.A. Bischoff-Ferrari, A. Boonen, G. Cavalli, S. de Souza, A. de Thurah, T.E. Dorner, R.H. Moe, P. Putrik, J. Rodriguez-Carrio, L. Silva-Fernandez, T. Stamm, K. Walker-Bone, J. Welling, M.I. Zlatkovic-Svenda, F. Guillemin, and S.M.M. Verstappen. 2023. 2021 EULAR recommendations regarding lifestyle behaviours and work participation to prevent progression of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82 (1): 48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-222020.","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"2373_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220249","volume":"80","author":"E Nikiphorou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nikiphorou, E., E.J.F. Santos, A. Marques, P. Bohm, J.W. Bijlsma, C.I. Daien, B.A. Esbensen, R.J.O. Ferreira, G.E. Fragoulis, P. Holmes, H. McBain, G.S. Metsios, R.H. Moe, T.A. Stamm, A. de Thurah, C. Zabalan, L. Carmona, and A. Bosworth. 2021. 2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80 (10): 1278\u20131285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220249.","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00585-3","volume":"17","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaiss, M. M., H. J. Joyce Wu, D. Mauro, G. Schett, and F. Ciccia. 2021. The gut-joint axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 17(4):224\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-021-00585-3","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2373_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.10.003","volume":"30","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ciccia, F., A. Ferrante, G. Guggino, and G. Triolo. 2016. The role of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology 30 (5): 889\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2016.10.003.","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2373_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077069","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2022.2077069","volume":"11","author":"R Lama Tamang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lama Tamang, R., A. F. Juritsch, R. Ahmad, J. D. Salomon, P. Dhawan, A. E. Ramer-Tait, and A. B. Singh. 2023. The diet-microbiota axis: A key regulator of intestinal permeability in human health and disease. Tissue Barriers 11(2):2077069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21688370.2022.2077069","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"issue":"11","key":"2373_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01068-4","volume":"22","author":"FC Ross","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ross, F. C., D. Patangia, G. Grimaud, A. Lavelle, E. M. Dempsey, R. P. Ross, and C. Stanton. 2024. The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: Implications for health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology 22(11):671\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-024-01068-4","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-016-0187-3","volume":"18","author":"L Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin, L., and J. Zhang. 2017. Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases. BMC Immunology 18(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12865-016-0187-3","journal-title":"BMC Immunology"},{"key":"2373_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113504","author":"E Dourado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dourado, E., M. Ferro, C. Sousa Guerreiro, and J.E. Fonseca. 2020. Diet as a modulator of intestinal microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12113504.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2373_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137379","author":"Y Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du, Y., C. He, Y. An, Y. Huang, H. Zhang, W. Fu, M. Wang, Z. Shan, J. Xie, Y. Yang, and B. Zhao. 2024. The role of short chain fatty acids in inflammation and body health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137379.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2373_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102564","volume":"116","author":"Y Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Y. Li, T. Marion, Y. Tong, M. M. Zaiss, Z. Tang, Q. Zhang, Y. Liu, and Y. Luo. 2021. Resistant starch intake alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by modulating gut microbiota and promoting concomitant propionate production. Journal of Autoimmunity 116:102564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102564","journal-title":"Journal of Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"17","key":"2373_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15852","volume":"179","author":"Y Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, Y., X. Cai, Y. Zheng, M. Zhang, W. Fei, D. Sun, M. Zhao, Y. Ye, and C. Zheng. 2022. Short-chain fatty acids regulate B cells differentiation via the FFA2 receptor to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Pharmacology 179(17):4315\u20134329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.15852","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01816-3","volume":"46","author":"AM Mustonen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mustonen, A. M., S. Tollis, R. Kakela, S. P. Sihvo, S. Palosaari, V. M. Pohjanen, A. Yli-Hallila, P. Lehenkari, and P. Nieminen. 2023. Increased n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids indicate Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory lipid modifications in synovial membranes with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation 46(4):1396\u20131413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01816-3","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2373_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355542","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1355542","volume":"11","author":"P Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, P., C. Chen, S. Patil, and S. Dong. 2024. Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony. Frontiers in Nutrition 11:1355542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1355542","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00336-6","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, H., X. Fu, X. Wu, J. Zhao, F. Qiu, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, X. Chen, D. Xie, J. Huang, J. Fan, X. Yang, Y. Song, J. Li, D. He, G. Xiao, A. Lu, and C. Liang. 2024. Gut microbial metabolite targets HDAC3-FOXK1-interferon axis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Research 12(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-024-00336-6","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"key":"2373_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101971","author":"J Ha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ha, J., J. Kim, S. Kim, K.J. Lee, and H. Shin. 2024. Garlic-induced enhancement of Bifidobacterium: Enterotype-specific modulation of gut microbiota and probiotic populations. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12101971.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2373_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaur, A. P., S. Bhardwaj, D. S. Dhanjal, E. Nepovimova, N. Cruz-Martins, K. Kuca, C. Chopra, R. Singh, H. Kumar, F. Sen, V. Kumar, R. Verma, and D. Kumar. 2021. Plant Prebiotics and Their Role in the Amelioration of Diseases. Biomolecules 11(3)https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11030440","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030440"},{"key":"2373_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030686","author":"M Gorzynik-Debicka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gorzynik-Debicka, M., P. Przychodzen, F. Cappello, A. Kuban-Jankowska, A. Marino Gammazza, N. Knap, M. Wozniak, and M. Gorska-Ponikowska. 2018. Potential health benefits of olive oil and plant polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19030686.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2373_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040963","author":"R De Vito","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Vito, R., F. Fiori, M. Ferraroni, S. Cavalli, R. Caporali, F. Ingegnoli, M. Parpinel, and V. Edefonti. 2023. Olive oil and nuts in rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15040963.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2373_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031335","author":"BV Nemzer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nemzer, B.V., F. Al-Taher, D. Kalita, A.Y. Yashin, and Y.I. Yashin. 2025. Health-improving effects of polyphenols on the human intestinal microbiota: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26031335.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"15","key":"2373_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202308_33310","volume":"27","author":"R Poggioli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poggioli, R., K. Hirani, V. G. Jogani, and C. Ricordi. 2023. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids: A possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 27(15):7380\u20137400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202308_33310","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038","volume":"124","author":"KR Groschwitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Groschwitz, K.R., and S.P. Hogan. 2009. Intestinal barrier function: Molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 124 (1): 3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038.","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2373_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224491","volume":"83","author":"P Lyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lyu, P., J. Wen, W. Zhang, N. Liu, I. Stolzer, A. Giessl, Y. Jia, D. Mauro, F. Zhang, F. Ciccia, D. Soulat, C. Gunther, G. Schett, and A. Bozec. 2024. Expression of HIF1alpha in intestinal epithelium restricts arthritis inflammation by inhibiting RIPK3-induced cell death machinery. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 83(8):984\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-224491","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15831-7","volume":"11","author":"N Tajik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tajik, N., M. Frech, O. Schulz, F. Schalter, S. Lucas, V. Azizov, K. Durholz, F. Steffen, Y. Omata, A. Rings, M. Bertog, A. Rizzo, A. Iljazovic, M. Basic, A. Kleyer, S. Culemann, G. Kronke, Y. Luo, K. Uberla, U.S. Gaipl, B. Frey, T. Strowig, K. Sarter, S.C. Bischoff, S. Wirtz, J.D. Canete, F. Ciccia, G. Schett, and M.M. Zaiss. 2020. Targeting zonulin and intestinal epithelial barrier function to prevent onset of arthritis. Nature Communications 11 (1): 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15831-7.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac175","volume":"116","author":"B Seethaler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seethaler, B., N. K. Nguyen, M. Basrai, M. Kiechle, J. Walter, N. M. Delzenne, and S. C. Bischoff. 2022. Short-chain fatty acids are key mediators of the favorable effects of the mediterranean diet on intestinal barrier integrity: Data from the randomized controlled LIBRE trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 116(4):928\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac175","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2373_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122760","author":"S Korsten","year":"2023","unstructured":"Korsten, S., H. Vromans, J. Garssen, and L.E.M. Willemsen. 2023. Butyrate protects barrier integrity and suppresses immune activation in a Caco-2\/PBMC co-culture model while HDAC inhibition mimics butyrate in restoring cytokine-induced barrier disruption. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15122760.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2373_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.650313","volume":"12","author":"D Perez-Reytor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perez-Reytor, D., C. Puebla, E. Karahanian, and K. Garcia. 2021. Use of short-chain fatty acids for the recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier affected by bacterial toxins. Frontiers in Physiology 12: 650313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.650313.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03013-x","volume":"25","author":"JH Koh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koh, J.H., E.H. Lee, K.H. Cha, C.H. Pan, D. Kim, and W.U. Kim. 2023. Factors associated with the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis and its value for predicting treatment responses. Arthritis Research & Therapy 25 (1): 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03013-x.","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2373_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41622","volume":"73","author":"A Artacho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artacho, A., S. Isaac, R. Nayak, A. Flor-Duro, M. Alexander, I. Koo, J. Manasson, P.B. Smith, P. Rosenthal, Y. Homsi, P. Gulko, J. Pons, L. Puchades-Carrasco, P. Izmirly, A. Patterson, S.B. Abramson, A. Pineda-Lucena, P.J. Turnbaugh, C. Ubeda, and J.U. Scher. 2021. The pretreatment gut microbiome is associated with lack of response to methotrexate in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 73 (6): 931\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41622.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"2373_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789334","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.789334","volume":"12","author":"H Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan, H., R. Su, H. Xue, C. Gao, X. Li, and C. Wang. 2021. Pharmacomicrobiology of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: Gut microbiome as predictor of therapeutic response. Frontiers in Immunology 12: 789334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.789334.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2373_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae045","volume":"63","author":"NP Danckert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danckert, N.P., M.B. Freidin, I. Granville Smith, P.M. Wells, M.K. Naeini, A. Visconti, R. Compte, A. MacGregor, and F.M.K. Williams. 2024. Treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis is predicted by the microbiome: A large observational study in UK DMARD-naive patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 63 (12): 3486\u20133495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae045.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2373_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta, V. K., K. Y. Cunningham, B. Hur, U. Bakshi, H. Huang, K. J. Warrington, V. Taneja, E. Myasoedova, J. M. 3 Davis rd, and J. Sung. 2021. Gut microbial determinants of clinically important improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Genome Medicine 13(1):149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-021-00957-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00957-0"},{"key":"2373_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127973","volume":"290","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, J., R. Fan, Z. Zhang, L. Zhao, Y. Han, Y. Zhu, J.A. Duan, and S. Su. 2025. Role of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis: Potential cellular mechanisms regulated by prebiotic, probiotic, and pharmacological interventions. Microbiology Research 290: 127973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127973.","journal-title":"Microbiology Research"},{"key":"2373_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032481","author":"AK Paul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paul, A.K., C.L. Lim, M.A.I. Apu, K.G. Dolma, M. Gupta, M. de Lours Pereira, P. Wilairatana, M. Rahmatullah, C. Wiart, and V. Nissapatorn. 2023. Are fermented foods effective against inflammatory diseases? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20032481.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2373_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123856","author":"V Edefonti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edefonti, V., M. Parpinel, M. Ferraroni, P. Boracchi, T. Schioppo, I. Scotti, T. Ubiali, W. Currenti, O. De Lucia, M. Cutolo, R. Caporali, and F. Ingegnoli. 2020. A posteriori dietary patterns and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: A beneficial role of vegetable and animal unsaturated fatty acids. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12123856.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"2373_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13932","volume":"23","author":"F Ingegnoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ingegnoli, F., T. Schioppo, T. Ubiali, V. Bollati, S. Ostuzzi, M. Buoli, and R. Caporali. 2020. Relevant non-pharmacologic topics for clinical research in rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases: The patient perspective. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 23(10):1305\u20131310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13932","journal-title":"International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"2373_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587895","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.587895","volume":"11","author":"TJ Demetrowitsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demetrowitsch, T. J., K. Schlicht, C. Knappe, J. Zimmermann, J. Jensen-Kroll, A. Pisarevskaja, F. Brix, J. Brandes, C. Geisler, G. Marinos, F. Sommer, D. M. Schulte, C. Kaleta, V. Andersen, M. Laudes, K. Schwarz, and S. Waschina. 2020. Precision nutrition in chronic inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology 11:587895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.587895","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"2373_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979665","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.979665","volume":"9","author":"S Berciano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berciano, S., J. Figueiredo, T. D. Brisbois, S. Alford, K. Koecher, S. Eckhouse, R. Ciati, M. Kussmann, J. M. Ordovas, K. Stebbins, and J. B. Blumberg. 2022. Precision nutrition: Maintaining scientific integrity while realizing market potential. Frontiers in Nutrition 9:979665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.979665","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition"},{"issue":"9","key":"2373_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00097-2","volume":"6","author":"AN Sasson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sasson, A.N., R.J.M. Ingram, Z. Zhang, L.M. Taylor, A.N. Ananthakrishnan, G.G. Kaplan, S.C. Ng, S. Ghosh, and M. Raman. 2021. The role of precision nutrition in the modulation of microbial composition and function in people with inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology 6 (9): 754\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00097-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"2373_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124221","author":"KA Schonenberger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schonenberger, K.A., A.C. Schupfer, V.L. Gloy, P. Hasler, Z. Stanga, N. Kaegi-Braun, and E. Reber. 2021. Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on pain in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13124221.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2373_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3912-1","volume":"38","author":"C Forsyth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forsyth, C., M. Kouvari, N. M. D\u2019Cunha, E. N. Georgousopoulou, D. B. Panagiotakos, D. D. Mellor, J. Kellett, and N. Naumovski. 2018. The effects of the mediterranean diet on rheumatoid arthritis prevention and treatment: A systematic review of human prospective studies. Rheumatology International 38(5):737\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-017-3912-1","journal-title":"Rheumatology International"},{"key":"2373_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153449","author":"R De Vito","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Vito, R., M. Parpinel, M.C. Speciani, F. Fiori, R. Bianco, R. Caporali, F. Ingegnoli, I. Scotti, T. Schioppo, T. Ubiali, M. Cutolo, G. Grosso, M. Ferraroni, and V. Edefonti. 2023. Does pizza consumption favor an improved disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis? Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15153449.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2373_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101499","author":"KE Bach Knudsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bach Knudsen, K.E., H.N. Laerke, M.S. Hedemann, T.S. Nielsen, A.K. Ingerslev, D.S. Gundelund Nielsen, P.K. Theil, S. Purup, S. Hald, A.G. Schioldan, M.L. Marco, S. Gregersen, and K. Hermansen. 2018. Impact of diet-modulated butyrate production on intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10101499.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2373_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac075","volume":"13","author":"SM Gibbons","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gibbons, S.M., T. Gurry, J.W. Lampe, A. Chakrabarti, V. Dam, A. Everard, A. Goas, G. Gross, M. Kleerebezem, J. Lane, J. Maukonen, A.L.B. Penna, B. Pot, A.M. Valdes, G. Walton, A. Weiss, Y.C. Zanzer, N.V. Venlet, and M. Miani. 2022. Perspective: Leveraging the gut microbiota to predict personalized responses to dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic interventions. Advances in Nutrition 13 (5): 1450\u20131461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmac075.","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01777-x","volume":"25","author":"D Abebaw","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abebaw, D., Y. Akelew, A. Adugna, B. A. Tegegne, Z. H. Teffera, M. Belayneh, A. Fenta, B. Selabat, Y. Kindie, T. Baylie, M. G. Mekuriaw, M. Jemal, and A. Atnaf. 2025. Immunomodulatory properties of the gut microbiome: Diagnostic and therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Medicine 25(1):226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01777-x","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"2373_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103207","author":"K Durholz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durholz, K., J. Hofmann, A. Iljazovic, J. Hager, S. Lucas, K. Sarter, T. Strowig, H. Bang, J. Rech, G. Schett, and M.M. Zaiss. 2020. Dietary short-term fiber interventions in arthritis patients increase systemic SCFA levels and regulate inflammation. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12103207.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2373_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1515\/rir-2024-0003","volume":"5","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ciccia, F., N. K. Dussias, S. Gandolfo, F. Rizzello, and P. Gionchetti. 2024. The effect of anti-TNF drugs on the intestinal microbiota in patients with spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Rheumatology and Immunology Research 5(1):27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/rir-2024-0003","journal-title":"Rheumatology and Immunology Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42759","volume":"76","author":"T Karonitsch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karonitsch, T., V. Saferding, M. Kieler, K. von Dalwigk, A. Tosevska, G. Heller, M. Dellinger, B. Niederreiter, F. Kartnig, C.W. Steiner, P. Georgel, H.P. Kiener, J.S. Smolen, A. Korb-Pap, M. Bonelli, D. Aletaha, and S. Bluml. 2024. Amino acids fueling fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and arthritis by regulating chemokine expression and leukocyte migration. Arthritis & Rheumatology 76 (4): 531\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42759.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02145-9","volume":"48","author":"W Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu, W., Y. Fang, T. Wang, Q. Lu, J. Wu, and Q. Yang. 2025. Low-protein diet inhibits the synovial tissue macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization via NRF2\/SIRT3\/SOD2\/ROS pathway in K\/BxN rheumatoid arthritis mice. Inflammation 48 (4): 1689\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02145-9.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2373_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765741","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.765741","volume":"12","author":"B Sehnert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sehnert, B., S. Pohle, C. Heuberger, R. Rzepka, M. Seidl, F. Nimmerjahn, N. Chevalier, J. Titze, and R.E. Voll. 2021. Low-salt diet attenuates B-cell- and myeloid-cell-driven experimental arthritides by affecting innate as well as adaptive immune mechanisms. Frontiers in Immunology 12: 765741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.765741.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00003.2017","volume":"49","author":"M Brenner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brenner, M., T. Laragione, and P. S. Gulko. 2017. Short-term low-magnesium diet reduces autoimmune arthritis severity and synovial tissue gene expression. Physiological Genomics 49(4):238\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00003.2017","journal-title":"Physiological Genomics"},{"issue":"7682","key":"2373_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24628","volume":"551","author":"N Wilck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilck, N., M.G. Matus, S.M. Kearney, S.W. Olesen, K. Forslund, H. Bartolomaeus, S. Haase, A. Mahler, A. Balogh, L. Marko, O. Vvedenskaya, F.H. Kleiner, D. Tsvetkov, L. Klug, P.I. Costea, S. Sunagawa, L. Maier, N. Rakova, V. Schatz, P. Neubert, C. Fratzer, A. Krannich, M. Gollasch, D.A. Grohme, B.F. Corte-Real, R.G. Gerlach, M. Basic, A. Typas, C. Wu, J.M. Titze, J. Jantsch, M. Boschmann, R. Dechend, M. Kleinewietfeld, S. Kempa, P. Bork, R.A. Linker, E.J. Alm, and D.N. Muller. 2017. Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates T(H)17 axis and disease. Nature 551 (7682): 585\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature24628.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2373_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Picchianti-Diamanti, A., C. Panebianco, S. Salemi, M. L. Sorgi, R. Di Rosa, A. Tropea, M. Sgrulletti, G. Salerno, F. Terracciano, R. D\u2019Amelio, B. Lagana, and V. Pazienza. 2018. Analysis of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Disease-Related dysbiosis and modifications induced by etanercept. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19102938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102938"},{"key":"2373_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.921675","volume":"9","author":"M Marazzato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marazzato, M., C. Iannuccelli, M.P. Guzzo, L. Nencioni, B. Lucchino, G. Radocchia, C. Gioia, G. Bonfiglio, B. Neroni, F. Guerrieri, F. Pantanella, S. Garzoli, M. Vomero, C. Barbati, M. Di Franco, and S. Schippa. 2022. Gut microbiota structure and metabolites, before and after treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis patients: A pilot study. Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne) 9: 921675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.921675.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2373_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.063","volume":"18","author":"MM Estevinho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Estevinho, M. M., C. Rocha, L. Correia, P. Lago, P. Ministro, F. Portela, E. Trindade, J. Afonso, L. Peyrin-Biroulet, F. Magro, and Gedii. 2020. Features of fecal and colon microbiomes associate with responses to biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18(5):1054\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.063","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"2373_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189036","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1189036","volume":"14","author":"J Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan, J., T. Jiang, and D. He. 2023. Advances in the implications of the gut microbiota on the treatment efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology 14:1189036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1189036","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"2373_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bakinowska, E., W. Stanska, K. Kielbowski, A. Szwedkowicz, D. Boboryko, and A. Pawlik. 2024. Gut dysbiosis and dietary interventions in rheumatoid Arthritis-A narrative review. Nutrients 16(18). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16183215","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16183215"},{"issue":"7","key":"2373_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30064-3","volume":"2","author":"PM Wells","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wells, P.M., A.S. Adebayo, R.C.E. Bowyer, M.B. Freidin, A. Finckh, T. Strowig, T.R. Lesker, D. Alpizar-Rodriguez, B. Gilbert, B. Kirkham, A.P. Cope, C.J. Steves, and F.M.K. Williams. 2020. Associations between gut microbiota and genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of disease: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Rheumatology 2 (7): e418\u2013e427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30064-3.","journal-title":"The Lancet Rheumatology"},{"key":"2373_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234050","author":"Y Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong, Y., D.C. Greenwood, J. Webster, C. Uzokwe, J. Tao, L.J. Hardie, and J.E. Cade. 2024. Dose-response associations between diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16234050.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2373_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02157-5","volume":"48","author":"M Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng, M., F. Meng, Y. Jia, Y. Wang, G. Ji, C. Gao, and J. Luo. 2025. Exploration of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective study. Inflammation 48(4):1811\u20131827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-024-02157-5","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"34","key":"2373_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000007896","volume":"96","author":"P Ruscitti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruscitti, P., F. Ursini, P. Cipriani, F. Ciccia, V. Liakouli, F. Carubbi, G. Guggino, O. Berardicurti, R. Grembiale, G. Triolo, G. De Sarro, and R. Giacomelli. 2017. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 96 (34): e7896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000007896.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:18:19Z","timestamp":1781623099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-025-02373-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}