{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1786681678645,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","award":["220990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220990"]}]},{"name":"Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda del Estado de Morelos","award":["F73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F73"]}]},{"name":"SECIHTI, Mexico","award":["CBF-2025-I-354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF-2025-I-354"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IN222523 and IN227126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN222523 and IN227126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, with 10\u00a0million cases and 1.5\u00a0million deaths annually. Understanding the interplay between\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb) and the host immune response is essential to better understand TB pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. Although the host immune bias strongly influences this interaction and shapes the ensuing response, the roles of specific immune receptors remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of CD43 in shaping the immune microenvironment during Mtb infection using Th2-biased BALB\/c and Th1-biased C57BL\/6 mice. CD43 deficiency consistently reduced pulmonary inflammation and improved survival in both strains, but through distinct mechanisms. In BALB\/c mice, it enhanced early pulmonary cytokine production and promoted a more anti-inflammatory environment during late TB, leading to better control of bacterial growth and limiting the development of pneumonia. In contrast, in C57BL\/6 mice, CD43 deficiency delayed pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, but it did not improve bacterial clearance. Together, these findings indicate that CD43 drives detrimental inflammation in TB through mechanisms that depend on the host immune bias, and highlight the complex and nuanced role of CD43 in regulating immune cell dynamics during TB progression, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches considering the context-dependent contributions of specific molecules such as CD43.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:44:34Z","timestamp":1781052274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Sialomucin CD43 Drives Tuberculosis Immunopathology Across Different Host Genetic Backgrounds"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Alem\u00e1n-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulce A.","family":"Mata-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel O.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Barrios-Pay\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel F.","family":"Flores-Alcantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika I.","family":"Melchy-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Rosenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2520_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. Global tuberculosis report 2024. October."},{"key":"2520_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.76","volume":"2","author":"Madhukar Pai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pai, Madhukar, Marcel A.. Behr, David Dowdy, Keertan Dheda, Maziar Divangahi, Catharina C.. Boehme, Ann Ginsberg, et al. 2016. Tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2: 16076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.76.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"2520_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2025. BCG vaccine."},{"key":"2520_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00731-y","volume":"20","author":"V\u00e9roniqueA Dartois","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dartois, V\u00e9ronique.A., and Eric J.. Rubin. 2022. Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: Challenges and priorities. Nature Reviews Microbiology 20: 685\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00731-y.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939","volume":"31","author":"Anne O\u2019Garra","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Garra, Anne, Paul S.. Redford, Finlay W.. McNab, Chloe I.. Bloom, Robert J.. Wilkinson, and Matthew P.R.. Berry. 2013. The immune response in tuberculosis. Annual Review of Immunology 31: 475\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-093019-010426","volume":"39","author":"Mari\u00ebtta M. Ravesloot-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ravesloot-Ch\u00e1vez, Mari\u00ebtta M.., Erik Van Dis, and Sarah A.. Stanley. 2021. The innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Annual Review of Immunology 39: 611\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-093019-010426.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2024.102567","volume":"149","author":"Deepak Vats","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vats, Deepak, Geeta Rani, Alisha Arora, Vidushi Sharma, Isha Rathore, Shaikh Abdul Mubeen, and Archana Singh. 2024. Tuberculosis and T cells: Impact of T cell diversity in tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 149: 102567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2024.102567.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"key":"2520_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00002","author":"Smitha J. Sasindran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sasindran, Smitha J.., and Jordi B.. Torrelles. 2011. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and inflammation: What is beneficial for the host and for the bacterium? Frontiers in Microbiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00002.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2","volume":"35","author":"Evelyn Guirado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guirado, Evelyn, Larry S.. Schlesinger, and Gilla Kaplan. 2013. Macrophages in tuberculosis: Friend or foe. Seminars in Immunopathology 35: 563\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-013-0388-2.","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"key":"2520_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02284","author":"Christophe J. Queval","year":"2017","unstructured":"Queval, Christophe J.., Roland Brosch, and Roxane Simeone. 2017. The macrophage: A disputed fortress in the battle against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Frontiers in Microbiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02284.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.009","volume":"12","author":"Chao-Tsung Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang, Chao-Tsung., C.J. Cambier, J. Muse. Davis, Christopher J.. Hall, Philip S.. Crosier, and Lalita Ramakrishnan. 2012. Neutrophils exert protection in the early tuberculous granuloma by oxidative killing of mycobacteria phagocytosed from infected macrophages. Cell Host & Microbe 12: 301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2012.07.009.","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"2520_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02637","author":"Elouise E. Kroon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kroon, Elouise E.., Anna K.. Coussens, Craig Kinnear, Marianna Orlova, Marlo M\u00f6ller, Allison Seeger, Robert J.. Wilkinson, Eileen G.. Hoal, and Erwin Schurr. 2018. Neutrophils: Innate effectors of TB resistance? Frontiers in Immunology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02637.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00962","volume":"11","author":"Caleb N. Muefong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muefong, Caleb N.., and Jayne S.. Sutherland. 2020. Neutrophils in tuberculosis-associated inflammation and lung pathology. Frontiers in Immunology 11: 962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00962.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030631","author":"Cheldon Ann Alcantara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alcantara, Cheldon Ann, Ira Glassman, Kevin H.. Nguyen, Arpitha Parthasarathy, and Vishwanath Venketaraman. 2023. Neutrophils in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11030631.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2520_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12274","volume":"264","author":"Luke D. Jasenosky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jasenosky, Luke D.., Thomas J.. Scriba, Willem A.. Hanekom, and Anne E.. Goldfeld. 2015. T cells and adaptive immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Immunological Reviews 264: 74\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12274.","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"key":"2520_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0490-8","volume":"37","author":"Philana Ling Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, Philana Ling, and Jo Anne L.. Flynn. 2015. CD8 T cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Seminars in Immunopathology 37: 239\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-015-0490-8.","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"key":"2520_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12963","volume":"301","author":"Jeffrey Morgan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morgan, Jeffrey, Kaylin Muskat, Rashmi Tippalagama, Alessandro Sette, Julie Burel, and Cecilia S.. Lindestam Arlehamn. 2021. Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity. Immunological Reviews 301: 10\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12963.","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"key":"2520_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12671","volume":"285","author":"Joseph M. Cicchese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cicchese, Joseph M.., Stephanie Evans, Caitlin Hult, Louis R.. Joslyn, Timothy Wessler, Jess A.. Millar, Simeone Marino, et al. 2018. Dynamic balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals controls disease and limits pathology. Immunological Reviews 285: 147\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12671.","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"key":"2520_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Cui Hua, Haiying Liu, and Baoxue Ge. 2017. Innate immunity in tuberculosis: Host defense vs pathogen evasion. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 14: 963\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cmi.2017.88.","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.88"},{"key":"2520_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2024","volume":"105","author":"Paula Montero","year":"2025","unstructured":"Montero, Paula, In\u00e9s. Roger, Javier Milara, and Julio Cortijo. 2025. Immunomodulatory properties of transmembrane mucins: From chronic diseases to cancer. Physiological Reviews 105: 2233\u20132304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00034.2024.","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"2520_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.8.3952","volume":"154","author":"KL Hartshorn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hartshorn, K.L., L.S. Liou, M.R. White, M.M. Kazhdan, J.L. Tauber, and A.I. Tauber. 1995. Neutrophil deactivation by influenza A virus. Role of hemagglutinin binding to specific sialic acid-bearing cellular proteins. The Journal of Immunology 154: 3952\u20133960.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fratazzi, Candida, Robert D By, Claudio Arbeit, Thomas A Carini, Blair Gerken, Eileen Remold-O. Ardman, and G Remold Heinz. 2000. A Macrophage Invasion Mechanism for Mycobacteria Implicating the Extracellular Domain of CD43. The Journal of Experimental Medicine\u00a0192.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.183"},{"key":"2520_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruhl, Stefan, John O.. Cisar, and Ann L.. Sandberg. 2000. Identification of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte and HL-60 Cell Receptors for Adhesins of Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii. Infection and Immunity 68: 6346\u20136354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6346-6354.2000.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6346-6354.2000"},{"key":"2520_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Todeschini, Adriane R.., Murielle F.. Girard, Jean-Michel. Wieruszeski, Marise P.. Nunes, George A.. DosReis, L\u00facia. Mendon\u00e7a-Previato, and Jos\u00e9 O.. Previato. 2002. trans-Sialidase from Trypanosoma cruziBinds Host T-lymphocytes in a Lectin Manner*. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 45962\u201345968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M203185200.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203185200"},{"key":"2520_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Randhawa, April K., Hermann J. Ziltener, Jasmeen S. Merzaban, and Richard W. Stokes. 2005. CD43 Is Required for Optimal Growth Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages and in Mice 1. The Journal of Immunology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1805.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1805"},{"key":"2520_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01194.x","volume":"10","author":"April K. Randhawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Randhawa, April K.., Hermann J.. Ziltener, and Richard W.. Stokes. 2008. CD43 controls the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the induction of TNF-\u03b1-mediated apoptosis. Cellular Microbiology 10: 2105\u20132117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01194.x.","journal-title":"Cellular Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00238-08","volume":"76","author":"Yumiko Urano-Tashiro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Urano-Tashiro, Yumiko, Ayako Yajima, Eizo Takashima, Yukihiro Takahashi, and Kiyoshi Konishi. 2008. Binding of the Streptococcus gordonii DL1 surface protein Hsa to the host cell membrane glycoproteins CD11b, CD43, and CD50. Infection and Immunity 76: 4686\u20134691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00238-08.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2520_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01496.x","volume":"12","author":"Tyler B.M. Hickey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hickey, Tyler B.M.., Hermann J.. Ziltener, David P.. Speert, and Richard W.. Stokes. 2010. Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs Cpn60.2 as an adhesin that binds CD43 on the macrophage surface. Cellular Microbiology 12: 1634\u20131647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01496.x.","journal-title":"Cellular Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nico, Dirlei, Naiara Maran, Leonardo Santos, Erivan Schnaider Ramos-Junior, Nat\u00e1lia Rodrigues. Mantuano, Joseane Lima Prado. Coutinho, Andre Macedo Vale, et al. 2015. Expression of leukosialin (CD43) defines a major intrahepatic T cell subset associated with protective responses in visceral leishmaniasis. Parasites and Vectors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-0721-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0721-9"},{"key":"2520_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torres-Huerta, Alvaro, Tom\u00e1s Villase\u00f1or, Angel Flores-Alcantar, Cristina Parada, Estefan\u00eda Alem\u00e1n-Navarro, Clara Espitia, Gustavo Pedraza-Alva, and Yvonne Rosenstein. 2017. Interaction of the CD43 Sialomucin with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cpn60.2 Chaperonin Leads to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production. Infection and Immunity 85: e00915-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00915-16.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00915-16"},{"key":"2520_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747161","volume":"48","author":"Jop Jans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jans, Jop, Wendy W.J.. Unger, Marloes Vissers, Inge M.L.. Ahout, Inge Schreurs, Arthur Wickenhagen, Ronald De Groot, Marien I.. De Jonge, and Gerben Ferwerda. 2018. Siglec-1 inhibits RSV\u2010induced interferon gamma production by adult T cells in contrast to newborn T cells. European Journal of Immunology 48: 621\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.201747161.","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alisson-Silva, Frederico, Nat\u00e1lia Rodrigues. Mantuano, Ana Luiza Lopes, Andr\u00e9ia Vasconcelos-dos-Santos, Andr\u00e9 Macedo. Vale, Miriam Maria Costa, Judy L.. Cannon, Ana Carolina Oliveira, and Adriane R.. Todeschini. 2019. CD43 sialoglycoprotein modulates cardiac inflammation and murine susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Scientific Reports. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-45138-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45138-7"},{"key":"2520_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084220","volume":"25","author":"Qin Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao, Qin, Suman Kundu, Sreerama Shetty, and Hua Tang. 2024. Runx3 regulates CD8\u2009+\u2009T Cell local expansion and CD43 glycosylation in mice by H1N1 Influenza A virus infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 4220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25084220.","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2520_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.13111","volume":"29","author":"Sae Kawano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kawano, Sae, Chisaki Noda, Saotomo Itoh, Ayaka Urabe, Chifumi Fujii, Isamu Ogawa, Ryo Suzuki, and Shigeaki Hida. 2024. Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 3 triggers murine mast cell adhesion by binding to <sc>CD43<\/sc> and augments mast cell activation. Genes to Cells 29: 397\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gtc.13111.","journal-title":"Genes to Cells"},{"key":"2520_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7346","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7346","volume":"176","author":"Nora A. Fierro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fierro, Nora A.., Gustavo Pedraza-Alva, and Yvonne Rosenstein. 2006. TCR-dependent cell response is modulated by the timing of CD43 engagement. The Journal of Immunology 176: 7346\u20137353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.176.12.7346.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torres-Huerta, Alvaro, Estefania Aleman-Navarro, Maria Elena Bravo-Adame, Monserrat Alba Sandoval-Hernandez, Oscar Arturo Migueles-Lozano, and Yvonne Rosenstein. 2018. CD43. In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, ed. Sangdun Choi, 893\u2013905. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67199-4_523.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67199-4_523"},{"key":"2520_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sandoval-Hern\u00e1ndez, Monserrat Alba, Nora Alma Fierro, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio. Veytia-Bucheli, Den Alejandro Alvarado-Vel\u00e1zquez, Estefan\u00eda Alem\u00e1n-Navarro, Erika Melchy-P\u00e9rez, Constance Auvynet, et al. 2024. Differential impact of CD43 and CD28 on T-Cell differentiation depending on the order of engagement with the TCR. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25: 3135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25063135.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063135"},{"key":"2520_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0114OC","volume":"52","author":"Monica Campo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campo, Monica, April K.. Randhawa, Sarah Dunstan, Jeremy Farrar, Maxine Caws, Nguyen Duc Bang, Nguyen Ngoc Lan, et al. 2015. Common polymorphisms in the CD43 gene region are associated with tuberculosis disease and mortality. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 52: 342\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0114OC.","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2520_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03425.x","volume":"48","author":"Christopher M. Sassetti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sassetti, Christopher M.., Dana H.. Boyd, and Eric J.. Rubin. 2003. Genes required for mycobacterial growth defined by high density mutagenesis. Molecular Microbiology 48: 77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03425.x.","journal-title":"Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01078-07","volume":"76","author":"Yanmin Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu, Yanmin, Brian Henderson, Peter A.. Lund, Peter Tormay, M. Tabish. Ahmed, Sudagar S.. Gurcha, Gurdyal S.. Besra, and Anthony R.M.. Coates. 2008. A Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant lacking the groEL homologue cpn60.1 is viable but fails to induce an inflammatory response in animal models of infection. Infection and Immunity 76: 1535\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.01078-07.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2520_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00143-09","volume":"77","author":"Tyler B.M. Hickey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hickey, Tyler B.M.., Lisa M.. Thorson, David P.. Speert, Mamadou Daff\u00e9, and Richard W.. Stokes. 2009. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cpn60.2 and DnaK are located on the bacterial surface, where Cpn60.2 facilitates efficient bacterial association with macrophages. Infection and Immunity 77: 3389\u20133401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00143-09.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2520_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018424","author":"Katrin D. Barber-Mayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barber-Mayer, Katrin D.., and Daniel L.. Barber. 2015. Innate and adaptive cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a018424.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"},{"key":"2520_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0022-2018","volume":"7","author":"Jonathan Kevin Sia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sia, Jonathan Kevin, and Jyothi Rengarajan. 2019. Immunology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Microbiology Spectrum 7: 7.4.6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0022-2018.","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"2520_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1086\/596654","volume":"199","author":"Graham A.W. Rook","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rook, Graham A.W.., Rogelio Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando, and Alimuddin Zumla. 2009. Tuberculosis due to high-dose challenge in partially immune individuals: A problem for vaccination? Journal of Infectious Diseases 199: 613\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/596654.","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2520_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witebsky, Frank G., and Patricia Kruczak-Filipov. 1996. Identification of mycobacteria by conventional methods. Clinical Micobacteriology 16.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30256-7"},{"key":"2520_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Forbes, Betty A, S. Geraldine, Melissa B Hall, Susan M Miller, Marie-Claire Novak, Max Rowlinson, David M Salfinger, Akos Somosk\u00f6vi, and Warshauer. 2018. and Michael L Wilson. Practice Guidelines for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR"},{"key":"2520_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soldevilla, Pablo, Cristina Vilaplana, and Cardona Pere Joan. 2023. Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell. Pathogens 12. MDPI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12010049","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010049"},{"key":"2520_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.06.004","volume":"43","author":"Manish Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta, Manish, Geetha Srikrishna, Sabra L.. Klein, and William R.. Bishai. 2022. Genetic and hormonal mechanisms underlying sex-specific immune responses in tuberculosis. Trends in Immunology 43: 640\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2022.06.004.","journal-title":"Trends in Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park, John K, Yvonne J Rosenstein, Eileen Remold-O\u2019Donnell, and Fred S Rosen. 1991. Enhancement of T-cell activation by the CD43 molecule whose expression is defective in Wiskott-Aidrich syndrome 350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/350706a0","DOI":"10.1038\/350706a0"},{"key":"2520_CR50","unstructured":"Hernandez-Pando, R., H. Orozcoe, A. Sampieri, L. Pavon, C. Velasquillo, J. Larriva-Sahd, J. M. Alcocer$, and M. V. Madrid. 1996. Correlation between the kinetics of Thl\/Th2 cells and pathology in a murine model of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis. Immunology. Vol. 89."},{"key":"2520_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2004.10.004","volume":"85","author":"Mauricio Casta\u00f1on-Arreola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1on-Arreola, Mauricio, Yolanda L\u00f3pez-Vidal, Clara Espitia-Pinz\u00f3n, and Rogelio Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando. 2005. A new vaccine against tuberculosis shows greater protection in a mouse model with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 85: 115\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2004.10.004.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2520_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","volume":"7","author":"Peter Bankhead","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bankhead, Peter, Maurice B.. Loughrey, Jos\u00e9 A.. Fern\u00e1ndez, Yvonne Dombrowski, Darragh G.. McArt, Philip D.. Dunne, Stephen McQuaid, et al. 2017. QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis. Scientific Reports 7: 16878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2520_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/854507","author":"IV Lyadova","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyadova, I.V., and A.V. Panteleev. 2015. Th1 and Th17 cells in tuberculosis: Protection, pathology, and biomarkers. Mediators of Inflammation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/854507.","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"2520_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0018-2016","author":"Racquel Domingo-Gonzalez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domingo-Gonzalez, Racquel, Oliver Prince, Andrea Cooper, and Shabaana A.. Khader. 2016. Cytokines and chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiology Spectrum. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0018-2016.","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"key":"2520_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3048","volume":"16","author":"Ian M Orme","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orme, Ian M., Richard T. Robinson, and Andrea M. Cooper. 2015. The balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses in the TB-infected lung. Nature Immunology 16: 57\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3048.","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00763-4","volume":"20","author":"Pallavi Chandra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandra, Pallavi, Steven J.. Grigsby, and Jennifer A.. Philips. 2022. Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 20: 750\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00763-4.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"2520_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02786465","volume":"20","author":"Yvonne Rosenstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosenstein, Yvonne, Angelica Santana, and Gustavo Pedraza-Alva. 1999. CD43, a molecule with multiple functions. Immunologic Research 20: 89\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02786465.","journal-title":"Immunologic Research"},{"key":"2520_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3637","volume":"166","author":"Timo K Van Den Berg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Den Berg, Timo K., Deepa Nath, Hermann J. Ziltener, Dietmar Vestweber, Minoru Fukuda, Irma Van Die, and Paul R. Crocker. 2001. Cutting edge: CD43 functions as a T cell counterreceptor for the macrophage adhesion receptor Sialoadhesin (Siglec-1). The Journal of Immunology 166: 3637\u20133640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3637.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.8042","volume":"175","author":"Masanori Matsumoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Masanori, Kazuyuki Atarashi, Eiji Umemoto, Yuko Furukawa, Akiko Shigeta, Masayuki Miyasaka, and Takako Hirata. 2005. CD43 functions as a ligand for E-Selectin on activated T cells. The Journal of Immunology 175: 8042\u20138050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.8042.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3628","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3628","volume":"181","author":"Masanori Matsumoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Masanori, Akiko Shigeta, Masayuki Miyasaka, and Takako Hirata. 2008. CD43 plays both antiadhesive and proadhesive roles in neutrophil rolling in a context-dependent manner. The Journal of Immunology 181: 3628\u20133635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3628.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0911460","volume":"91","author":"Andrea N Moreno-Amaral","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moreno-Amaral, Andrea N., Evelyne Gout, Claudia Danella-Polli, Fanny Tabarin, Philippe Lesavre, Gabriela Pereira-da-Silva, Nicole M. Thielens, and Lise Halbwachs-Mecarelli. 2011. M-ficolin and leukosialin (CD43): New partners in neutrophil adhesion. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 91: 469\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0911460.","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"2520_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501171","volume":"196","author":"Francisco Vel\u00e1zquez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vel\u00e1zquez, Francisco, Anna Grodecki-Pena, Andrew Knapp, Ane M. Salvador, Tania Nevers, Kevin J. Croce, and Pilar Alcaide. 2016. CD43 functions as an E-Selectin ligand for Th17 cells in vitro and is required for rolling on the vascular endothelium and Th17 cell recruitment during inflammation in vivo. The Journal of Immunology 196: 1305\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1501171.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-1217-3","volume":"174","author":"Priyanka Kumari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumari, Priyanka, and Laxman S.. Meena. 2014. Factors affecting susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A close view of immunological defence mechanism. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 174: 2663\u20132673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-014-1217-3.","journal-title":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"},{"key":"2520_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0025-3","volume":"18","author":"Jason D. Simmons","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simmons, Jason D.., Catherine M.. Stein, Chetan Seshadri, Monica Campo, Galit Alter, Sarah Fortune, Erwin Schurr, et al. 2018. Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nature Reviews Immunology 18: 575\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-018-0025-3.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6022","volume":"168","author":"Thandi M. Onami","year":"2002","unstructured":"Onami, Thandi M.., Laurie E.. Harrington, Matthew A.. Williams, Marisa Galvan, Christian P.. Larsen, Thomas C.. Pearson, N. Manjunath, Linda G.. Baum, Brad D.. Pearce, and Rafi Ahmed. 2002. Dynamic regulation of T cell immunity by CD43. The Journal of Immunology 168: 6022\u20136031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6022.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6527","volume":"171","author":"Mandy L. Ford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ford, Mandy L.., Thandi M.. Onami, Anne I.. Sperling, Rafi Ahmed, and Brian D.. Evavold. 2003. CD43 modulates severity and onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The Journal of Immunology 171: 6527\u20136533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6527.","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2006.06.007","volume":"240","author":"Mandy L. Ford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ford, Mandy L.., and Brian D.. Evavold. 2006. Modulation of MOG 37-50-specific CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell activation and expansion by CD43. Cellular Immunology 240: 53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2006.06.007.","journal-title":"Cellular Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202656","author":"Katherine T. Fay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fay, Katherine T.., Deena B.. Chihade, Ching Wen Chen, Nathan J.. Klingensmith, John D.. Lyons, Kimberly Ramonell, Zhe Liang, Craig M.. Coopersmith, and Mandy L.. Ford. 2018. Increased mortality in CD43-deficient mice during sepsis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202656.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2520_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kloc, Malgorzata. 2017. Macrophages: origin, functions and biointervention. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation volume 62. Cham: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54090-0"},{"key":"2520_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48515-7","volume":"15","author":"Rocky Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai, Rocky, Travis Williams, Tasfia Rakib, Jinhee Lee, and Samuel M.. Behar. 2024. Heterogeneity in lung macrophage control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is modulated by T cells. Nature Communications 15: 5710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48515-7.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2520_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00419.x","volume":"93","author":"Medina","year":"1998","unstructured":"Medina, North. 1998. Resistance ranking of some common inbred mouse strains to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and relationship to major histocompatibility complex haplotype and Nramp1 genotype. Immunology 93:270\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00419.x","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2520_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertolini, Thais Barboza, Alexandre Ignacio De Souza, Ana Fl\u00e1via Gembre, Annie Rocio Pi\u00f1eros, Rafael De Queiroz Prado, Jo\u00e3o Santana. Silva, Leandra Naira Zambelli. Ramalho, and V\u00e2nia Luiza Deperon. Bonato. 2016. Genetic background affects the expansion of macrophage subsets in the lungs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -infected hosts. Immunology 148: 102\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imm.12591.","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12591"},{"key":"2520_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roque, Susana, Claudia Nobrega, Rui Appelberg, and Margarida Correia-Neves. 2007. IL-10 underlies distinct susceptibility of BALB\/c and C57BL\/6 mice to Mycobacterium avium infection and influences efficacy of antibiotic therapy. The Journal of Immunology 178: 8028\u20138035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.8028.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.8028"},{"key":"2520_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6946","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6946-6953.2000","volume":"68","author":"Julia Wakeham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wakeham, Julia, Jun Wang, and Zhou Xing. 2000. Genetically determined disparate innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses to pulmonary Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice. Infection and Immunity 68: 6946\u20136953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6946-6953.2000.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"2520_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.110","volume":"27","author":"John Arko-Mensah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arko-Mensah, John, Muhammad J.. Rahman, Irene R.. D\u00e9gano, Olga D.. Chuquimia, Agathe L.. Fotio, Irene Garcia, and Carmen Fern\u00e1ndez. 2009. Resistance to mycobacterial infection: A pattern of early immune responses leads to a better control of pulmonary infection in C57BL\/6 compared with BALB\/c mice. Vaccine 27: 7418\u20137427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.110.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2520_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2014.10.012","volume":"95","author":"M. Carmen Garcia-Pelayo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia-Pelayo, M. Carmen., V\u00e9ronique.S. Bachy, Daryan A.. Kaveh, and Philip J.. Hogarth. 2015. BALB\/c mice display more enhanced BCG vaccine induced Th1 and Th17 response than C57BL\/6 mice but have equivalent protection. Tuberculosis 95: 48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2014.10.012.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"}],"container-title":["Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:46:33Z","timestamp":1786679193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-026-02520-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed according to the ARRIVE standards and Mexican norm NOM 062\u2013Z00-1999, under the approval of the INCMNSZ\u2019s Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation (protocol number PAT-1983-19-21-1) and of the IBT-UNAM\u2019s Ethics Committee (project 382).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"175"}}