{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T09:30:12Z","timestamp":1792747812773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T14:03:03Z","timestamp":1629381783000},"page":"1279-1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["A review of the biological and pharmacological activities of mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA): an anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant drug"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Beiranvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"856_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0444.1000361","volume":"6","author":"HH Abdu-Allah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdu-Allah HH, El-Shorbagi A, Abdel-Moty SG, El-Awady R, Abdel-Alim A (2016) 5-Aminosalyclic acid (5-ASA): a unique anti-inflammatory salicylate. Med Chem (Los Angeles) 6:306\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0444.1000361","journal-title":"Med Chem (Los Angeles)"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01974941","volume":"21","author":"I Ahnfelt-R\u00f8nne","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ahnfelt-R\u00f8nne I, Nielsen OH (1987) The antiinflammatory moiety of sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, is a radical scavenger. Agents Actions 21(1):191\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01974941","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"issue":"5","key":"856_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90329-Y","volume":"98","author":"I Ahnfelt-R\u00f8nne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ahnfelt-R\u00f8nne I, Nielsen OH, Christensen A, Langholz E, Binder V, Riis P (1990) Clinical evidence supporting the radical scavenger mechanism of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Gastroenterology 98(5):1162\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90329-Y","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"856_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.18.s2.1.x","volume":"18","author":"H Allgayer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allgayer H (2003) Mechanisms of action of mesalazine in preventing colorectal carcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18:10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2036.18.s2.1.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"856_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90286-R","volume":"43","author":"H Allgayer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Allgayer H, H\u00f6fer P, Schmidt M, B\u00f6hne P, Kruis W, Gugler R (1992) Superoxide, hydroxyl and fatty acid radical scavenging by aminosalicylates: direct evaluation with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Pharmacol 43(2):259\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90286-R","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04732.x","volume":"34","author":"C Andrews","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrews C, Griffiths T, Kaufman J, Vergnolle N, Surette M, Rioux K (2011) Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) alters faecal bacterial profiles, but not mucosal proteolytic activity in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 34(3):374\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04732.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"856_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02877715","volume":"24","author":"A Aslan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aslan A, Temiz M, Atik E, Polat G, Sahinler N, Besirov E, Aban N, Parsak CK (2007) Effectiveness of mesalamine and propolis in experimental colitis. Adv Ther 24(5):1085\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02877715","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"856_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.178840","volume":"48","author":"S Banaei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Banaei S (2016) The effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 48(2):196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0253-7613.178840","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"856_CR9","unstructured":"Bardineshin F (2021) Evaluation of inhibitory and unstable effects of mesalazine on insulin protein fibrillation: a strategy to reduce the effects of subcutaneous insulin accumulation due to repeated injections in diabetic patients. MSc Thesis, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran, (In Persian). https:\/\/ganj.irandoc.ac.ir\/#\/articles\/343f4e98eeb0b9288a7b65571309c2fe"},{"issue":"8","key":"856_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510015854","volume":"40","author":"DC Baumgart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baumgart DC, Vierziger K, Sturm A, Wiedenmann B, Dignass AU (2005) Mesalamine promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing in vitro through a TGF-beta-independent mechanism. Scand J Gastroenterol 40(8):958\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520510015854","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"856_CR11","unstructured":"Beiranvand M (2020) The protective and antioxidant effects of Eremurus persicus (Jaub & Spach) Boiss extract and mesalazine on ethanol-induced gastric Damages in Rats. MSc Thesis, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran, (In Persian). https:\/\/ganj.irandoc.ac.ir\/#\/articles\/f8c4a293f8a35968e928418e961cf6c9"},{"key":"856_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173573","volume":"888","author":"M Beiranvand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beiranvand M, Bahramikia S (2020) Ameliorating and protective effects mesalazine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats. Eur J Pharmacol 888:173573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173573","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"856_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1916744","volume":"35","author":"M Beiranvand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beiranvand M, Beiranvand F (2021) Iranian plant Eremurus persicus: an overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat Prod Res 35:1-15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2021.1916744","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"856_CR14","first-page":"231","volume":"62","author":"R Bharti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bharti R (1996) Mesalazine in treatment of psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 62(4):231\u2013232","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"12","key":"856_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15281","volume":"49","author":"AM Buchner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buchner AM, Lichtenstein GR (2019) Mesalazine and mucosal microbiome in quiescent ulcerative colitis\u2014what can we learn? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49(12):1531\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15281","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"856_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.09.058","volume":"368","author":"M Canevari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Canevari M, Castagliuolo I, Brun P, Cardin M, Schiavon M, Pasut G, Veronese F (2009) Poly (ethylene glycol)-mesalazine conjugate for colon specific delivery. Int J Pharm 368(1\u20132):171\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.09.058","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00158.x","volume":"8","author":"R Caprilli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caprilli R, Andreoli A, Capurso L, Corrao G, AlbasioGioieniAssueroLanfranchiPaladiniPallonePonti GAGIFV (1994) Oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; Asacol) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn\u2019s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 8(1):35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00158.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"856_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19351","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019351","volume":"99","author":"W Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng W, Li J, Liu X (2020) 5-Aminosalicylic acid for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 99(9):e19351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000019351","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11292.x","volume":"92","author":"C Cho","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cho C, Ogle C, Sevilla E (1987) The protective effects of sulphasalazine against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Br J Pharmacol 92(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11292.x","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"856_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03336.x","volume":"25","author":"E Chu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chu E, Chai J, Ahluwalia A, Tarnawski A (2007) Mesalazine downregulates c-Myc in human colon cancer cells. A key to its chemopreventive action? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 25(12):1443\u20131449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03336.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"856_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118541203.xen314","volume-title":"Mesalamine Handbook of metabolic pathways of xenobiotics","author":"L Ci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ci L (2014) Mesalamine Handbook of metabolic pathways of xenobiotics. New York: Wiley, pp 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118541203.xen314"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9766-8","volume":"52","author":"G Comparato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Comparato G, Fanigliulo L, Cavallaro LG, Aragona G, Cavestro GM, Iori V, Maino M, Mazzocchi G, Muzzetto P, Colla G (2007) Prevention of complications and symptomatic recurrences in diverticular disease with mesalazine: a 12-month follow-up. Dig Dis Sci 52(11):2934\u20132941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-007-9766-8","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"856_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00000-8","volume":"12","author":"EM Conner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Conner EM, Grisham MB (1996) Inflammation, free radicals, and antioxidants. Nutrition 12(4):274\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00000-8","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04041.x","volume":"30","author":"R Corinaldesi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V, Cremon C, Gargano L, Cogliandro R, De Giorgio R, Bartesaghi G, Canovi B, Barbara G (2009) Effect of mesalazine on mucosal immune biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled proof-of-concept study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 30(3):245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04041.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"856_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1179\/135100010X12826446921707","volume":"15","author":"D Couto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Couto D, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Gomes A, Lima JL, Fernandes E (2010) Scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by the prodrug sulfasalazine and its metabolites 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulfapyridine. Redox Rep 15(6):259\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/135100010X12826446921707","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-017-0062-x","volume":"196","author":"BJ Day","year":"2018","unstructured":"Day BJ, Huang J, Barkes BQ, Gillespie M, Li L, Maier LA (2018) 5-Aminosalicylic acid modulates the immune response in chronic beryllium disease subjects. Lung 196(1):103\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-017-0062-x","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2478-z","volume":"50","author":"F Di Mario","year":"2005","unstructured":"Di Mario F, Aragona G, Leandro G, Comparato G, Fanigliulo L, Cavallaro LG, Cavestro GM, Iori V, Maino M, Moussa AM (2005) Efficacy of mesalazine in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease. Dig Dis Sci 50(3):581\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-005-2478-z","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"856_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01354-5","volume":"124","author":"SW Dixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dixon SW, Collard TJ, Mortensson EMH, Legge DN, Chambers AC, Greenhough A, Creed TJ, Williams AC (2021) 5-Aminosalicylic acid inhibits stem cell function in human adenoma-derived cells: implications for chemoprophylaxis in colorectal tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 124(12):1959\u20131969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-021-01354-5","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"856_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173011","volume":"874","author":"M Faramarzian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faramarzian M, Bahramikia S, Shasaltaneh MD (2020) In vitro investigation of the effect of mesalazine on amyloid fibril formation of hen egg-white lysozyme and defibrillation lysozyme fibrils. Eur J Pharmacol 874:173011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.30466\/vrf.2019.35900","volume":"10","author":"A Faramarzpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faramarzpour A, Tehrani AA, Tamaddonfard E, Imani M (2019) The effects of crocin, mesalazine and their combination in the acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Vet Res Forum 10(3):227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30466\/vrf.2019.35900","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"issue":"6","key":"856_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000138680","volume":"40","author":"G Garg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Garg G, Cho C, Ogle C (1990) Inhibition of stress-induced gastric ulcers by sulphasalazine and its constituents (sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid) in rats. Pharmacology 40(6):318\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000138680","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR32","first-page":"24","volume":"12","author":"A Garjani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garjani A, Davaran S, Rashidi M, Malek N (2004) Protective effects of some azo derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid and their pegylated prodrugs on acetic acid-induced rat colitis. Daru 12(1):24\u201330","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"856_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00784.x","volume":"14","author":"R Greinwald","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greinwald R (2000) Efficacy and tolerability of mesalazine foam enema (Salofalk foam) for distal ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14:1191\u20131198","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR34","first-page":"68","volume":"22","author":"V Hatamvand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatamvand V, Bardineshin F, Shohani P (2020) Anti-amyloidogenic and disaggregating effects of Salvia officinalis in vitro: a strategy to reduce the insulin amyloid fibrils due to repeated subcutaneous injections in diabetic patients. Yafteh 22(3):68\u201383","journal-title":"Yafteh"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903262414","volume":"44","author":"Y Hayashi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayashi Y, Aoyagi K, Morita I, Yamamoto C, Sakisaka S (2009) Oral administration of mesalazine protects against mucosal injury and permeation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 44(11):1323\u20131331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365520903262414","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"856_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01998-9","volume":"394","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Kant TA, Emig R, Rausch JS, Newe M, Schubert M, K\u00fcnzel K, Winter L, Klapproth E, Peyronnet R (2020) Repurposing mesalazine against cardiac fibrosis in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 394:533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-020-01998-9","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111038","volume":"12","author":"HD Jhundoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jhundoo HD, Siefen T, Liang A, Schmidt C, Lokhnauth J, B\u00e9duneau A, Pellequer Y, Larsen CC, Lamprecht A (2020) Anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan and 5-amino salicylic acid combinations in experimental colitis. Pharmaceutics 12(11):1038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111038","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500177880","volume":"39","author":"R Joshi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Joshi R, Kumar S, Unnikrishnan M, Mukherjee T (2005) Free radical scavenging reactions of sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid and sulfapyridine: mechanistic aspects and antioxidant activity. Free Radic Res 39(11):1163\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10715760500177880","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"856_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56100515","volume":"56","author":"ES Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung ES, Jang HJ, Hong EM, Lim HL, Lee SP, Kae SH, Lee J (2020) The protective effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced injury through free radical scavenging in small intestinal epithelial cells. Medicina 56(10):515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56100515","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"856_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.366","volume":"108","author":"S Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang S, Kim W, Jeong S, Lee Y, Nam J, Lee S, Jung Y (2017) Oxidized 5-aminosalicylic acid activates Nrf2-HO-1 pathway by covalently binding to Keap1: implication in anti-inflammatory actions of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 108:715\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.366","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"856_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20876","volume":"15","author":"J Kaufman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Griffiths TA, Surette MG, Ness S, Rioux KP (2009) Effects of mesalamine (5-5-aminosalicylic acid) on bacterial gene expression. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15(7):985\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ibd.20876","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-020-00246-4","volume":"17","author":"A Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur A, Goggolidou P (2020) Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies. J Inflamm 17(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12950-020-00246-4","journal-title":"J Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39401-0","volume":"9","author":"V Khare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khare V, Krnjic A, Frick A, Gmainer C, Asboth M, Jimenez K, Lang M, Baumgartner M, Evstatiev R, Gasche C (2019) Mesalamine and azathioprine modulate junctional complexes and restore epithelial barrier function in intestinal inflammation. Sci Rep 9(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-39401-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"856_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.09.003","volume":"41","author":"Y-H Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim Y-H, Kim M, Kim B, Kim J, Chang D, Son H, Rhee P-L, Rhee J (2009) Inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion in a human colon cancer cell line by 5-aminosalicylic acid. Dig Liver Dis 41(5):328\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2008.09.003","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11110585","volume":"11","author":"W Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim W, Kim D, Jeong S, Ju S, Lee H, Kim S, Yoo J-W, Yoon I-S, Jung Y (2019) Conjugation of amisulpride, an anti-psychotic agent, with 5-aminosalicylic acid via an Azo bond yields an orally active mutual prodrug against rat colitis. Pharmaceutics 11(11):585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics11110585","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"136","key":"856_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)60040-8","volume":"5","author":"PJ Koelink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koelink PJ, Robanus-Maandag EC, Hommes D, Verspaget HW (2009) 50 5-aminosalicylic acid suppresses colitis-associated but not sporadic colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 5(136):A-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)60040-8","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"856_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00652.x","volume":"13","author":"V Krieken","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krieken V (1999) Mesalazine-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer: on the verge of a new chemopreventive era? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(11):1397\u20131402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00652.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"856_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12248","volume":"37","author":"W Kruis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kruis W, Meier E, Schumacher M, Mickisch O, Greinwald R, Mueller R, Group GSS (2013) Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine (Salofalk granules) for uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon\u2013a placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 37(7):680\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12248","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90247-8","volume":"94","author":"PR Kvietys","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kvietys PR, Smith SM, Grisham MB, Manci EA (1988) 5-Aminosalicylic acid protects against ischemia\/reperfusion-induced gastric bleeding in the rat. Gastroenterology 94(3):733\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90247-8","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"856_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2017.10.039","volume":"148","author":"V Lazi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lazi\u0107 V, Smi\u010diklas I, Markovi\u0107 J, Lon\u010darevi\u0107 D, Dostani\u0107 J, Ahrenkiel SP, Nedeljkovi\u0107 JM (2018) Antibacterial ability of supported silver nanoparticles by functionalized hydroxyapatite with 5-aminosalicylic acid. Vacuum 148:62\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vacuum.2017.10.039","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"856_CR51","unstructured":"Lin HC, Pimentel M (2001) Use of 5-aminosalicylates as antimicrobial agents. Google Patents https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US6326364B1\/en."},{"issue":"10","key":"856_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318297d741","volume":"19","author":"E Managlia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Managlia E, Katzman RB, Brown JB, Barrett TA (2013) Antioxidant properties of mesalamine in colitis inhibit phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in progenitor cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19(10):2051\u20132060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318297d741","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"856_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2018.03.030","volume":"151","author":"M Moro-Agud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moro-Agud M (2018) Severe febrile neutropenia induced by mesalazine. Med Clin 151(6):e33\u2013e34","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcol.2016.03.003","volume":"36","author":"RM Moura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moura RM, Hartmann RM, Licks F, Schemitt EG, Colares JR, doCoutoSoaresFillmannFillmannMarroni MLSHSNP (2016) Antioxidant effect of mesalazine in the experimental colitis model induced by acetic acid. J Coloproctol (rio j) 36(3):139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcol.2016.03.003","journal-title":"J Coloproctol (rio j)"},{"issue":"10","key":"856_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15227","volume":"49","author":"M Olaisen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olaisen M, Spigset O, Flatberg A, AvB G, Brede WR, Albrektsen G, R\u00f8yset ES, Gilde B, Sandvik AK, Martinsen TC (2019) Mucosal 5-aminosalicylic acid concentration, drug formulation and mucosal microbiome in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49(10):1301\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.15227","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04149.x","volume":"31","author":"S Parenti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parenti S, Ferrarini F, Zini R, Montanari M, Losi L, Canovi B, Ferrari S, Grande A (2010) Mesalazine inhibits the \u03b2-catenin signalling pathway acting through the upregulation of \u03bc-protocadherin gene in colo-rectal cancer cells. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31(1):108\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04149.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"856_CR57","unstructured":"Pazoki H, Homayounfar H, Banaei Givi S (2005) The assessment of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney in rats. RJMS 12(48):63\u201368. http:\/\/rjms.iums.ac.ir\/article-1-512-en.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(96)00031-7","volume":"21","author":"DC Pearson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pearson DC, Jourd\u2019Heuil D, Meddings JB (1996) The anti-oxidant properties of 5-aminosalicylic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 21(3):367\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0891-5849(96)00031-7","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"856_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103586","volume":"63","author":"SR Pereira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pereira SR, Almeida LM, Dinis TC (2019) Improving the anti-inflammatory activity of 5-aminosalicylic acid by combination with cyanidin-3-glucoside: an in vitro study. J Funct Foods 63:103586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103586","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2016.1274997","volume":"39","author":"T Qu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qu T, Wang E, Jin B, Li W, Liu R, Zhao Z-b (2017) 5-Aminosalicylic acid inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing JNK and p38 activity in murine macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 39(1):45\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08923973.2016.1274997","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"856_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.07.007","volume":"29","author":"KRS Raju","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raju KRS, Kumar MS, Gupta S, Naga ST, Shankar JK, Murthy V, Madhunapanthula SRV, Mulukutla S, Ambhore NS, Tummala S (2014) 5-Aminosalicylic acid attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 29(2):209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.07.007","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"856_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.05.002","volume":"289","author":"A Ramadan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramadan A, Afifi N, Yassin NZ, Abdel-Rahman RF, Abd El-Rahman SS, Fayed HM (2018) Mesalazine, an osteopontin inhibitor: the potential prophylactic and remedial roles in induced liver fibrosis in rats. Chem Biol Interact 289:109\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"856_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v8i0.1095","volume":"8","author":"N Rezaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaei N, Eftekhari MH, Tanideh N, Mokhtari M, Bagheri Z (2019) Comparison of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of honey and spirulina platensis with sulfasalazine and mesalazine on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Galen Med J 8:1095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31661\/gmj.v8i0.1095","journal-title":"Galen Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"856_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.5.669","volume":"29","author":"S Riley","year":"1988","unstructured":"Riley S, Mani V, Goodman M, Herd M, Dutt S, Turnberg L (1988) Comparison of delayed release 5 aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) and sulphasalazine in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis relapse. Gut 29(5):669\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.29.5.669","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"856_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391787","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/391787","volume":"2011","author":"G Roda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roda G, Marocchi M, Sartini A, Roda E (2011) Cytokine networks in ulcerative colitis. Ulcers 2011:391787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/391787","journal-title":"Ulcers"},{"issue":"10","key":"856_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2018.1483393","volume":"44","author":"BKR Sanapalli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanapalli BKR, Kannan E, Balasubramanian S, Natarajan J, Baruah UK, Karri VVSR (2018) Pluronic lecithin organogel of 5-aminosalicylic acid for wound healing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 44(10):1650\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03639045.2018.1483393","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"856_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.022","volume":"558","author":"HS Sardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sardo HS, Saremnejad F, Bagheri S, Akhgari A, Garekani HA, Sadeghi F (2019) A review on 5-aminosalicylic acid colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 558:367\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"856_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008055232-3.62134-8","volume-title":"xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference","author":"E Scholar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scholar E (2009) Mesalamine. In: Enna SJ, Bylund DB (eds) xPharm: the comprehensive pharmacology reference. Elsevier, New York, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-008055232-3.62134-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"856_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14688","volume":"47","author":"P Sehgal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sehgal P, Colombel JF, Aboubakr A, Narula N (2018) Systematic review: safety of mesalazine in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 47(12):1597\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.14688","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14744\/nci.2017.48379","volume":"5","author":"A Sener","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sener A, Sahbaz A, Sener LT, Tekkesin MS, Kaya B (2018) Effect of intra-abdominally administered mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) in experimental peritonitis. North Clin Istanb 5(3):171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/nci.2017.48379","journal-title":"North Clin Istanb"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-016-0069-2","volume":"23","author":"H Simon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simon H, Fischer T, Alm\u00e1si A, Fischer E (2017) Effects of mesalazine on morphological and functional changes in the indomethacin-induced inflammatory bowel disease (rat model of crohn\u2019s disease). Pathol Oncol Res 23(1):41\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12253-016-0069-2","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"856_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXXIV.suppl_2.7","volume":"34","author":"G Smedeg\u00e5rd","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smedeg\u00e5rd G, Bj\u00f6rk J (1995) Sulphasalazine: mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 34(2):7\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXXIV.suppl_2.7","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"856_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2013.01.021","volume":"107","author":"MH Soliman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soliman MH, Mohamed GG (2013) Cr (III), Mn (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) new complexes of 5-aminosalicylic acid: spectroscopic, thermal characterization and biological activity studies. Spectrochim Acta A 107:8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2013.01.021","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta A"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.09.020","volume":"75","author":"C Stolfi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stolfi C, Fina D, Caruso R, Caprioli F, Sarra M, Fantini MC, Rizzo A, Pallone F, Monteleone G (2008) Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent and-independent inhibition of proliferation of colon cancer cells by 5-aminosalicylic acid. Biochem Pharmacol 75(3):668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.09.020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"856_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980458","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/980458","volume":"2012","author":"C Stolfi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stolfi C, Pallone F, Monteleone G (2012) Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by mesalazine and its derivatives. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012:980458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/980458","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"856_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17972","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140917972","volume":"14","author":"C Stolfi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stolfi C, De Simone V, Pallone F, Monteleone G (2013) Mechanisms of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and mesalazine in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 14(9):17972\u201317985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms140917972","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"856_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(91)90207-L","volume":"41","author":"H Tamai","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tamai H, Kachur JF, Grisham MB, Gaginella TS (1991) Scavenging effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid on neutrophil-derived oxidants: Possible contribution to the mechanism of action in inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Pharmacol 41(6\u20137):1001\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(91)90207-L","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0036","volume":"30","author":"N Tatiya-Aphiradee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tatiya-Aphiradee N, Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K (2019) Immune response and inflammatory pathway of ulcerative colitis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 30(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0036","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"856_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9551-0","volume":"52","author":"A Tursi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, Elisei W (2007) Continuous versus cyclic mesalazine therapy for patients affected by recurrent symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Dig Dis Sci 52(3):671\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-006-9551-0","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"856_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11405250","volume":"4","author":"C Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams C, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Rioux K (2011) Optimizing clinical use of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) in inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 4(4):237\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756283X11405250","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"856_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1155\/1990\/324287","volume":"4","author":"T Yamada","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yamada T, Volkmer C, Grisham M (1990) Antioxidant properties of 5-ASA: potential mechanism for its anti-inflammatory activity. Can J Gastroenterol 4(7):295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/1990\/324287","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"856_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90020-4","volume":"10","author":"T Yamada","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yamada T, Volkmer C, Grisham MB (1991) The effects of sulfasalazine metabolites on hemoglobin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 10(1):41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90020-4","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"856_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2165\/11205870-000000000-00000","volume":"71","author":"LP Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang LP, McCormack PL (2011) MMX\u00ae mesalazine. Drugs 71(2):221\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11205870-000000000-00000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"856_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094208","volume":"9","author":"L-N Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao L-N, Li J-Y, Yu T, Chen G-C, Yuan Y-H, Chen Q-K (2014) 5-Aminosalicylates reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: an updated meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9(4):e94208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0094208","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T22:16:50Z","timestamp":1634163410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-021-00856-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares that he has no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}