{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:38:22Z","timestamp":1788143902874,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T04:02:15Z","timestamp":1664683335000},"page":"2003-2016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The role of berberine in Covid-19: potential adjunct therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ahmad O.","family":"Babalghith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al-kuraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al-Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"De Waard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadiq Mohammed","family":"Al-Hamash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabatier","family":"Jean-Marc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-8047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa A.","family":"Negm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaber El-Saber","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8874339","volume":"2021","author":"MM Aboudounya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aboudounya MM, Heads RJ (2021) COVID-19 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 may bind and activate TLR4 to increase ACE2 expression, facilitating entry and causing hyperinflammation. Mediat Inflamm 2021:1\u201318","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"1080_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.565751","volume":"11","author":"M Abudureyimu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abudureyimu M, Yu W, Cao RY, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zheng H (2020) Berberine promotes cardiac function by upregulating PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in heart failure. Front Physiol 11:565751","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.112","volume":"503","author":"IA Adedara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adedara IA, Anao OO, Forcados GE, Awogbindin IO, Agbowo A, Ola-Davies OE, Patlolla AK, Tchounwou PB, Farombi EO (2018) Low doses of multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit hepatotoxicity in rats with markers of oxidative stress and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 503(4):3167\u20133173","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1080_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9883142","volume":"2022","author":"OS Adeyemi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeyemi OS, Afolabi LB, Rotimi DE, Atanu FO, Ofume DS, Ogunleye T, Oluwalana DO, Oluwole TP, Youssef A, Mostafa-Hedeab G (2022) Differential immunomodulatory potential of silver nanoparticles and effect on the kynurenine pathway in male wistar rats. J Nanomater 2022:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Nanomater"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.005","volume":"183","author":"M Aid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aid M, Busman-Sahay K, Vidal SJ, Maliga Z, Bondoc S, Starke C, Terry M, Jacobson CA, Wrijil L, Ducat S (2020) Vascular disease and thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Cell 183(5):1354\u20131366","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"1080_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2021.0042","volume":"34","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alkazmi L, Alexiou A, Batiha GE-S (2021a) Levamisole therapy in COVID-19. Viral Immunol 34(10):722\u2013725","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"1080_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.642822","volume":"12","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alqarni M, Cruz-Martins N, El-Saber Batiha G (2021b) Pleiotropic effects of tetracyclines in the management of COVID-19: emerging perspectives. Front Pharmacol 12:642822","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1080_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04232-z","volume":"476","author":"HM Al-Kuraishy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alzahrani KJ, Cruz-Martins N, Batiha GE-S (2021c) The potential role of neopterin in Covid-19: a new perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 476(11):4161\u20134166","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1080_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01038-3","volume":"30","author":"HM Al-kuraishy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Negm WA, Alexiou A, Batiha GE-S (2022) Ursolic acid and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a new horizon and perspective. Inflammopharmacology 30:1493\u20131501","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155325","volume":"11","author":"IE Allijn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allijn IE, Vaessen SF, Quarles van Ufford LC, Beukelman KJ, De Winther MP, Storm G, Schiffelers RM (2016) Head-to-head comparison of anti-inflammatory performance of known natural products in vitro. PLoS One 11(5):e0155325","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1080_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113225","volume":"152","author":"M Alorabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alorabi M, Cavalu S, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Negm WA, Youssef A, El-Kadem AH, Saad HM, Batiha GE-S (2022) Pentoxifylline and berberine mitigate diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity in male rats via modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 152:113225","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1080_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121444","volume":"10","author":"B Alotaibi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alotaibi B, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Elseady WS, Saleh A, Alotaibi KN, El-Sherbeni SA (2021) Antibacterial, Immunomodulatory, and Lung Protective Effects of Boswelliadalzielii Oleoresin Ethanol Extract in Pulmonary Diseases. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antibiotics 10(12):1444","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12298","volume":"82","author":"BP Amoah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amoah BP, Yang H, Zhang P, Su Z, Xu H (2015) Immunopathogenesis of myocarditis: the interplay between cardiac fibroblast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and CD 4+ T cells. Scand J Immunol 82(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1080_CR14","first-page":"3702","volume":"5","author":"L Aoxue","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aoxue L, Yijun F (2011) Antioxidant activities of berberine hydrochloride. J Med Plants Res 5(16):3702\u20133707","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"1080_CR15","first-page":"1708","volume":"11","author":"A-S Archambault","year":"2020","unstructured":"Archambault A-S, Zaid Y, Rakotoarivelo V, Dor\u00e9 \u00c9, Dubuc I, Martin C, Amar Y, Cheikh A, Fares H, El Hassani A (2020) Lipid storm within the lungs of severe COVID-19 patients: extensive levels of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase-derived inflammatory metabolites. MedRxiv 11:1708","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"issue":"12","key":"1080_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121313","volume":"14","author":"NG Attallah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Attallah NG, El-Kadem AH, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Elmongy EI, Altwaijry N, Alanazi AS, Al-Hamoud GA, Ragab AE (2021) Promising antiviral activity of agrimonia pilosa phytochemicals against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study. Pharmaceuticals 14(12):1313","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605374104","volume":"104","author":"F B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2007","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckhed F, Manchester JK, Semenkovich CF, Gordon JI (2007) Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(3):979\u2013984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1080_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, S., S. Mahmud, M. A. Mita, S. Afrose, M. R. Hasan, M. S. S. Shimu, M. A. Saleh, G. Mostafa-Hedeab, M. Alqarni and A. J. Obaidullah (2021). molecular docking and dynamics studies to explore effective inhibitory peptides against the spike receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 8","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.791642"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27102","volume":"120","author":"S Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao S, Xu P, Yan J, Liu H, Liu L, Cheng L, Qiu F, Kang N (2019) Berberrubine and its analog, hydroxypropyl-berberrubine, regulate LDLR and PCSK9 expression via the ERK signal pathway to exert cholesterol-lowering effects in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Cell Biochem 120(2):1340\u20131349","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1080_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110102","volume":"143","author":"R Cecchini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cecchini R, Cecchini AL (2020) SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses 143:110102","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"11","key":"1080_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.06.002","volume":"11","author":"CE Cecil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cecil CE, Davis JM, Cech NB, Laster SM (2011) Inhibition of H1N1 influenza a virus growth and induction of inflammatory mediators by the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine and extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). Int Immunopharmacol 11(11):1706\u20131714","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-008-9089-3","volume":"33","author":"F Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen F, Yang Z, Liu Y, Li L, Liang W, Wang X, Zhou W, Yang Y, Hu R-M (2008) Berberine inhibits the expression of TNF\u03b1, MCP-1, and IL-6 in AcLDL-stimulated macrophages through PPAR\u03b3 pathway. Endocrine 33(3):331\u2013337","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1080_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3755292","author":"K Chiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiang K, Reddy S, Gupta A (2020) Are Aspirin and Apixaban Sufficient to Prevent Immunothrombosis in COVID-19? SSRN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3755292","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3810\/hp.2012.04.970","volume":"40","author":"AF Cicero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cicero AF, Tartagni E (2012) Antidiabetic properties of berberine: from cellular pharmacology to clinical effects. Hosp Pract 40(2):56\u201363","journal-title":"Hosp Pract"},{"issue":"41","key":"1080_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28420","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.012674","volume":"284","author":"G Cui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cui G, Qin X, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Ge B, Zang YQ (2009) Berberine differentially modulates the activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to suppress Th17 and Th1 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 284(41):28420\u201328429","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"1080_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-019-01548-6","volume":"24","author":"P Dinesh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dinesh P, Rasool M (2019) Berberine mitigates IL-21\/IL-21R mediated autophagic influx in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and regulates Th17\/Treg imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis. Apoptosis 24(7):644\u2013661","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"1080_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.08.016","volume":"294","author":"LA Eissa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eissa LA, Kenawy HI, El-Karef A, Elsherbiny NM, El-Mihi KA (2018) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of berberine attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide injection in rats. Chem Biol Interact 294:91\u2013100","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s43042-022-00252-6","volume":"23","author":"E Elekhnawy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elekhnawy E, Negm WA (2022) The potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Egypt J Med Human Genet 23(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Human Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03953-x","volume":"12","author":"E Elekhnawy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elekhnawy E, Negm WA, El-Aasr M, Kamer AA, Alqarni M, Batiha GE-S, Obaidullah AJ, Fawzy HM (2022) Histological assessment, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activities of Dioon spinulosum extract: in vitro and in vivo approach. Sci Rep 12(1):1\u201315","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1080_CR30","first-page":"49","volume":"7","author":"GA Engwa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Engwa GA (2018) Free radicals and the role of plant phytochemicals as antioxidants against oxidative stress-related diseases. Phytochem Source Antioxid Role Dis Prev BoDBooks Demand 7:49\u201374","journal-title":"Phytochem Source Antioxid Role Dis Prev BoDBooks Demand"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01422-1","volume":"70","author":"M Ennis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ennis M, Tiligada K (2021) Histamine receptors and COVID-19. Inflamm Res 70(1):67\u201375","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"2790","key":"1080_CR32","first-page":"2792","volume":"34","author":"S Fakhri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fakhri S, Nouri Z, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH (2020) Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytother Res 34(2790):2792","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR33","first-page":"222","volume":"19","author":"Z Fatehi-Hassanabad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Jafarzadeh M, Tarhini A, Fatehi M (2005) The antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of aqueous extract from Berberis vulgaris fruit on hypertensive rats. Phytother Res Int J Devoted Pharmacol Toxicol Eval Nat Product Deriv 19(3):222\u2013225","journal-title":"Phytother Res Int J Devoted Pharmacol Toxicol Eval Nat Product Deriv"},{"key":"1080_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01518","volume":"11","author":"TL Freeman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freeman TL, Swartz TH (2020) Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 11:1518","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1080_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.041","volume":"71","author":"S Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu S, Ni S, Wang D, Fu M, Hong T (2019) Berberine suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic responses via regulating Fc\u025bRI-mediated and MAPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 71:1\u20136","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.12.004","volume":"66","author":"M-Y Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao M-Y, Chen L, Yang L, Yu X, Kou J-P, Yu B-Y (2014) Berberine inhibits LPS-induced TF procoagulant activity and expression through NF-\u03baB\/p65, Akt and MAPK pathway in THP-1 cells. Pharmacol Rep 66(3):480\u2013484","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-0288-z","volume":"15","author":"Y Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wang F, Song Y, Liu H (2020) The status of and trends in the pharmacology of berberine: a bibliometric review [1985\u20132018]. Chinese Medicine 15(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"1080_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, A., N. Mukerjee, B. Sharma, A. Pant, Y. K. Mohanta, R. D. Jawarkar, R. L. Bakal, E. M. Terefe, G. E.-S. Batiha and G. Mostafa-Hedeab (2021). Target Specific inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Kinase in conjunction with Cancer and SARS-COV-2 by Olive nutraceuticals. Frontiers in pharmacology 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.812565"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2710-6","volume":"19","author":"J Gong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gong J, Li J, Dong H, Chen G, Qin X, Hu M, Yuan F, Fang K, Wang D, Jiang S (2019) Inhibitory effects of berberine on proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization through interfering with the interaction between TLR4 and MyD88. BMC Complement Altern Med 19(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"1080_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.05.007","volume":"144","author":"JM Grimes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grimes JM, Grimes KV (2020) p38 MAPK inhibition: A promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19. J Mol Cell Cardiol 144:63\u201365","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1080_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1114","volume":"153","author":"H-P Gu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gu H-P, Lin S, Xu M, Yu H-Y, Du X-J, Zhang Y-Y, Yuan G, Gao W (2012) Up-regulating relaxin expression by G-quadruplex interactive ligand to achieve antifibrotic action. Endocrinology 153(8):3692\u20133700","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1080_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"J Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo J, Chen H, Zhang X, Lou W, Zhang P, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu WJ (2021) The effect of berberine on metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021:1\u201322","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"1080_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104722","volume":"155","author":"S Habtemariam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Habtemariam S (2020) Berberine pharmacology and the gut microbiota: a hidden therapeutic link. Pharmacol Res 155:104722","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"1080_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119754","volume":"281","author":"EH Hassanein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassanein EH, Kamel EO, Ali FE, Ahmed MA-R (2021) Berberine and\/or zinc protect against methotrexate-induced intestinal damage: Role of GSK-3\u03b2\/NRF2 and JAK1\/STAT-3 signaling pathways. Life Sci 281:119754","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"31","key":"1080_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32426","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313137200","volume":"279","author":"B Hemonnot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hemonnot B, Cartier C, Gay B, Rebuffat S, Bardy M, Devaux C, Boyer V, Briant L (2004) The host cell MAP kinase ERK-2 regulates viral assembly and release by phosphorylating the p6gag protein of HIV-1. J Biol Chem 279(31):32426\u201332434","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1080_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(02)00133-0","volume":"106","author":"CG Huang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huang CG, Chu ZL, Wei SJ, Jiang H, Jiao BH (2002) Effect of berberine on arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit platelets and endothelial cells. Thromb Res 106(4\u20135):223\u2013227","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1080_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21502","volume":"81","author":"SC Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang SC, Chang CL, Wang PS, Tsai Y, Liu HS (2009) Enterovirus 71-induced autophagy detected in vitro and in vivo promotes viral replication. J Med Virol 81(7):1241\u20131252","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1080_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.05.028","volume":"762","author":"Z Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang Z, Han Z, Ye B, Dai Z, Shan P, Lu Z, Dai K, Wang C, Huang W (2015) Berberine alleviates cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 762:1\u201310","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.09.025","volume":"53","author":"T-C Hung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hung T-C, Jassey A, Liu C-H, Lin C-J, Lin C-C, Wong SH, Wang JY, Yen M-H, Lin L-T (2019) Berberine inhibits hepatitis C virus entry by targeting the viral E2 glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 53:62\u201369","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"1080_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussien NR, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI (2019) Reno-protective effect of berberine. J Pak Med Assoc 69","DOI":"10.4103\/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_85_18"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6252","volume":"33","author":"M Imenshahidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H (2019) Berberine and barberry (Berberis vulgaris): a clinical review. Phytother Res 33(3):504\u2013523","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.035","volume":"126","author":"II Ivanov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ivanov II, McKenzie BS, Zhou L, Tadokoro CE, Lepelley A, Lafaille JJ, Cua DJ, Littman DR (2006) The orphan nuclear receptor ROR\u03b3t directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells. Cell 126(6):1121\u20131133","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1080_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104836","volume":"154","author":"A Jafarzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S (2021) Contribution of STAT3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Microb Pathog 154:104836","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR54","first-page":"244","volume":"58","author":"J Jenny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenny J, Kumar PB (2021) Dihydroxy berberine from Tinospora cordifolia: in silico evidences for the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action through dual inhibition of Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase. Indian J Biochem Biophys (IJBB) 58(3):244\u2013252","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys (IJBB)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0911-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Jin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin Y, Zhang C, Zhang R, Ren J, Chen S, Sui M, Zhou G, Dang D, Zhu J, Feng H (2017) Pulmonary edema following central nervous system lesions induced by a non-mouse-adapted EV71 strain in neonatal BALB\/c mice. Virol J 14(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"1080_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2021.100897","volume":"42","author":"B Karkhanei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karkhanei B, Ghane ET, Mehri F (2021) Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and glutathione activity in patients with Covid-19. New Microbes New Infect 42:100897","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.011","volume":"41","author":"H-Y Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim H-Y, Shin H-S, Park H, Kim Y-C, Yun YG, Park S, Shin H-J, Kim K (2008) In vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, and Phellodendron cortex. J Clin Virol 41(2):122\u2013128","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1206-x","volume":"16","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Weeratunga P, Kim MS, Nikapitiya C, Lee B-H, Uddin MB, Kim T-H, Yoon J-E, Park C, Ma JY (2016) Inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract from Cortex Phellodendri on the growth and replication of broad-spectrum of viruses in vitro and in vivo. BMC Complement Altern Med 16(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1080_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00214","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00214-17","volume":"61","author":"S-Y Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim S-Y, Kim H, Kim S-W, Lee N-R, Yi C-M, Heo J, Kim B-J, Kim N-J, Inn K-S (2017) An effective antiviral approach targeting hepatitis B virus with NJK14047, a novel and selective biphenyl amide p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(8):e00214-00217","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1080_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1135","volume":"10","author":"W Kong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kong W, Wei J, Abidi P, Lin M, Inaba S, Li C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Si S, Pan H (2004) Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Nat Med 10(12):1344\u20131351","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12123","volume":"79","author":"H Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li H, Li XL, Zhang M, Xu H, Wang CC, Wang S, Duan RS (2014a) Berberine ameliorates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing both cellular and humoral immunity. Scand J Immunol 79(1):12\u201319","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"1080_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.01.061","volume":"728","author":"M-H Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li M-H, Zhang Y-J, Yu Y-H, Yang S-H, Iqbal J, Mi Q-Y, Li B, Wang Z-M, Mao W-X, Xie H-G (2014b) Berberine improves pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction through enhanced autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 728:67\u201376","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2015.19.1.1","volume":"19","author":"G-X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li G-X, Wang X-M, Jiang T, Gong J-F, Niu L-Y, Li N (2015) Berberine prevents intestinal mucosal barrier damage during early phase of sepsis in rat through the toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol off J Korean Physiol Soc Korean Soc Pharmacol 19(1):1","journal-title":"Korean J Physiol Pharmacol off J Korean Physiol Soc Korean Soc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1085-0","volume":"19","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li C, Jiang P, Wei S, Xu X, Wang J (2020a) Regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects. Mol Cancer 19(1):1\u201323","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"1080_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S249228","volume":"14","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhao S, Wang Y, Wu J, Peng S, Zhao M (2020b) Development of 13-Cys-BBR as an agent having dual action of anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammation. Drug Des Dev Ther 14:2187","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"key":"1080_CR66","unstructured":"Li, X.-M., C. Liu, K. Srivatava, H. Yu and S. N. Parker (2022). Treatment of immunological disease using berberine nanoparticles, Google Patents."},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9640-0","volume":"36","author":"K Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin K, Liu S, Shen Y, Li Q (2013) Berberine attenuates cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation. Inflammation 36(5):1079\u20131086","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"16","key":"1080_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.07.040","volume":"44","author":"Y Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yu H, Zhang C, Cheng Y, Hu L, Meng X, Zhao Y (2008) Protective effects of berberine on radiation-induced lung injury via intercellular adhesion molecular-1 and transforming growth factor-beta-1 in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 44(16):2425\u20132432","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1080_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.02.015","volume":"79","author":"X Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang X, Ye L, Yuan H (2016) Protective mechanisms of berberine against experimental autoimmune myocarditis in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 79:222\u2013230","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR70","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"T Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C (2017) NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1080_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.02.006","volume":"164","author":"A Luganini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luganini A, Mercorelli B, Messa L, Pal\u00f9 G, Gribaudo G, Loregian A (2019) The isoquinoline alkaloid berberine inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication by interfering with the viral Immediate Early-2 (IE2) protein transactivating activity. Antiviral Res 164:52\u201360","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"1080_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114431","volume":"185","author":"C Lugnier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lugnier C, Al-Kuraishy HM, Rousseau E (2021) PDE4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for improvement of pulmonary dysfunctions in Covid-19 and cigarette smoking. Biochem Pharmacol 185:114431","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1080_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.03.009","volume":"59","author":"X Ma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ma X, Egawa T, Kimura H, Karaike K, Masuda S, Iwanaka N, Hayashi T (2010) Berberine-induced activation of 5\u2032-adenosine monophosphate\u2013activated protein kinase and glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles. Metabolism 59(11):1619\u20131627","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1080_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C.-Y., X.-Y. Shi, Y.-R. Wu, Y. Zhang, H.-L. Qu, Y.-L. Guo, Y.-D. Tang and J.-J. Li (2020). \"Berberine Improves High-Fat Diet Induced Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis in Apoe-\/-Mice by Down-Regulating PCSK9 via ERK1\/2 Pathway","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-38344\/v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-39","volume":"10","author":"S Mahata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahata S, Bharti AC, Shukla S, Tyagi A, Husain SA, Das BC (2011) Berberine modulates AP-1 activity to suppress HPV transcription and downstream signaling to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol Cancer 10(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"1080_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00185","volume":"11","author":"W Mai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mai W, Xu Y, Xu J, Zhao D, Ye L, Yu G, Wang Z, Lu Q, Lin J, Yang T (2020) Berberine inhibits nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via the ROS\/TXNIP axis. Front Pharmacol 11:185","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.633680","volume":"12","author":"RW Malone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malone RW, Tisdall P, Fremont-Smith P, Liu Y, Huang X-P, White KM, Miorin L, Moreno E, Alon A, Delaforge E (2021) COVID-19: famotidine, histamine, mast cells, and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 12:633680","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4133","volume":"229","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Biswas SK, Galdiero MR, Sica A, Locati M (2013) Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling. J Pathol 229(2):176\u2013185","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1080_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11359","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00804-10","volume":"84","author":"D Marchant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marchant D, Singhera GK, Utokaparch S, Hackett TL, Boyd JH, Luo Z, Si X, Dorscheid DR, McManus BM, Hegele RG (2010) Toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a determinant of respiratory virus entry and tropism. J Virol 84(21):11359\u201311373","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7261","volume":"30","author":"Y Meng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meng Y, Pan M, Zheng B, Chen Y, Li W, Yang Q, Zheng Z, Sun N, Zhang Y, Li X (2019) Autophagy attenuates angiotensin II-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting redox imbalance-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 30(4):520\u2013541","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"1080_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S211188","volume":"12","author":"J Mi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mi J, He W, Lv J, Zhuang K, Huang H, Quan S (2019) Effect of berberine on the HPA-axis pathway and skeletal muscle GLUT4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther 12:1717","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-020-00253-1","volume":"10","author":"RR Narkhede","year":"2020","unstructured":"Narkhede RR, Pise AV, Cheke RS, Shinde SD (2020) Recognition of natural products as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 main protease (Mpro): In-silico evidences. Nat Prod Bioprospect 10(5):297\u2013306","journal-title":"Nat Prod Bioprospect"},{"key":"1080_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00786","volume":"10","author":"TK Nayak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Sahoo SS, Kumar PS, Mahish C, Chatterjee S, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S (2019) P38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases interact with chikungunya virus non-structural protein-2 and regulate TNF induction during viral infection in macrophages. Front Immunol 10:786","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR84","first-page":"17","volume":"2015","author":"B Pagliaro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pagliaro B, Santolamazza C, Simonelli F, Rubattu S (2015) Phytochemical compounds and protection from cardiovascular diseases: a state of the art. BioMed Res Int 2015(1):17","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"1080_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.453","volume":"130","author":"M Paul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul M, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Girish KS (2019) Berberine mitigates high glucose-potentiated platelet aggregation and apoptosis by modulating aldose reductase and NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radical Biol Med 130:196\u2013205","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6217","volume":"33","author":"C Pei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pei C, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhang B, Fang L, Liu B, Meng S (2019) Berberine alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage activation by downregulating galectin-3 via the NF-\u03baB and AMPK signaling pathways. Phytother Res 33(2):294\u2013308","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1080_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104878","volume":"181","author":"A Pizzorno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pizzorno A, Padey B, Dubois J, Julien T, Traversier A, Duli\u00e8re V, Brun P, Lina B, Rosa-Calatrava M, Terrier O (2020) In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of single and combined repurposable drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 181:104878","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR88","first-page":"75","volume":"30","author":"IP Pratomo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pratomo IP, Ariane A, Tedjo A, Heryanto R, Paramita RI (2021) Xanthine oxidase inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the mechanism and potency of allopurinol and febuxostat in COVID-19 management. Med J Indones 30(1):75\u201380","journal-title":"Med J Indones"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1257642","volume":"55","author":"H Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu H, Wu Y, Wang Q, Liu C, Xue L, Wang H, Wu Q, Jiang Q (2017) Effect of berberine on PPAR\u03b1-NO signalling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by angiotensin IV. Pharm Biol 55(1):227\u2013232","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"1080_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110564","volume":"150","author":"DK Sanghavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanghavi DK, Titus A, Caulfield TR, Freeman WD (2021) Endotheliitis, endothelin, and endothelin receptor blockers in COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 150:110564","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"1080_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2067353","volume":"2019","author":"M Serveaux-Dancer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Serveaux-Dancer M, Jabaudon M, Creveaux I, Belville C, Blondonnet R, Gross C, Constantin J-M, Blanchon L, Sapin V (2019) Pathological implications of receptor for advanced glycation end-product (AGER) gene polymorphism. Dis Markers 2019:1\u201317","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"1080_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174374","volume":"908","author":"FS Sharif-Askari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharif-Askari FS, Sharif-Askari NS, Goel S, Hafezi S, Assiri R, Al-Muhsen S, Hamid Q, Halwani R (2021a) SARS-CoV-2 attenuates corticosteroid sensitivity by suppressing DUSP1 expression and activating p38 MAPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 908:174374","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.018","volume":"172","author":"NS Sharif-Askari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharif-Askari NS, Sharif-Askari FS, Mdkhana B, Alsayed HAH, Alsafar H, Alrais ZF, Hamid Q, Halwani R (2021b) Upregulation of oxidative stress gene markers during SARS-COV-2 viral infection. Free Radical Biol Med 172:688\u2013698","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15857-x","volume":"11","author":"C Shimokawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimokawa C, Kato T, Takeuchi T, Ohshima N, Furuki T, Ohtsu Y, Suzue K, Imai T, Obi S, Olia A (2020) CD8+ regulatory T cells are critical in prevention of autoimmune-mediated diabetes. Nat Commun 11(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1080_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e343","author":"KM Sohn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sohn KM, Lee S-G, Kim HJ, Cheon S, Jeong H, Lee J, Kim IS, Silwal P, Kim YJ, Paik S (2020) COVID-19 patients upregulate toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory signaling that mimics bacterial sepsis. J Korean Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e343","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1080_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02427-14","volume":"58","author":"S Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song S, Qiu M, Chu Y, Chen D, Wang X, Su A, Wu Z (2014) Downregulation of cellular c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and NF-\u03baB activation by berberine may result in inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(9):5068\u20135078","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1080_CR97","first-page":"12","volume":"1","author":"V Srivastava","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivastava V (2018) Quinacrine and berberine as antiviral agents against dengue and Zika fever: in silico approach. Biostat Bioinform 1:12","journal-title":"Biostat Bioinform"},{"issue":"5100","key":"1080_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/215527a0","volume":"215","author":"T Subbaiah","year":"1967","unstructured":"Subbaiah T, Amin A (1967) Effect of berberine sulphate on Entamoeba histolytica. Nature 215(5100):527\u2013528","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-020-09935-8","volume":"39","author":"S Suhail","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suhail S, Zajac J, Fossum C, Lowater H, McCracken C, Severson N, Laatsch B, Narkiewicz-Jodko A, Johnson B, Liebau J (2020) Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review. Protein J 39(6):644\u2013656","journal-title":"Protein J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000449507","volume":"9","author":"H Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun H, Wang N, Cang Z, Zhu C, Zhao L, Nie X, Cheng J, Xia F, Zhai H, Lu Y (2016) Modulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis by berberine resulting in improved metabolic status in high-fat diet-fed rats. Obes Facts 9(6):365\u2013378","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"1080_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00798","volume":"8","author":"SV Suryavanshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suryavanshi SV, Kulkarni YA (2017) NF-\u03ba\u03b2: a potential target in the management of vascular complications of diabetes. Front Pharmacol 8:798","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1080_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.108947","volume":"317","author":"XN Tew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tew XN, Lau NJX, Chellappan DK, Madheswaran T, Zeeshan F, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AA, Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H, Gupta G (2020) Immunological axis of berberine in managing inflammation underlying chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 317:108947","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"21","key":"1080_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9743","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01382-16","volume":"90","author":"FS Varghese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Varghese FS, Thaa B, Amrun SN, Simarmata D, Rausalu K, Nyman TA, Merits A, McInerney GM, Ng LF, Ahola T (2016) The antiviral alkaloid berberine reduces chikungunya virus-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. J Virol 90(21):9743\u20139757","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12873","volume":"91","author":"Z Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Lai Y, Luo Y, Peng X, Zou W (2020) Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection. Scand J Immunol 91(5):e12873","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Fan H, Qiao Y (2017) Identification of berberine as a direct thrombin inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine through structural, functional and binding studies. Sci Rep 7(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1080_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082084","volume":"23","author":"Y-X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y-X, Yang L, Wang H-Q, Zhao X-Q, Liu T, Li Y-H, Zeng Q-X, Li Y-H, Song D-Q (2018) Synthesis and evolution of berberine derivatives as a new class of antiviral agents against enterovirus 71 through the MEK\/ERK pathway and autophagy. Molecules 23(8):2084","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1080_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.609134","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu H, Zheng M, Yang Y, Ren H, Kong Y, Wang S, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yang J (2021a) Berberine slows the progression of prediabetes to diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats by enhancing intestinal secretion of glucagon-like peptide-2 and improving the gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol 12:609134","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001792R","volume":"35","author":"ZZ Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang ZZ, Li K, Maskey AR, Huang W, Toutov AA, Yang N, Srivastava K, Geliebter J, Tiwari R, Miao M (2021b) A small molecule compound berberine as an orally active therapeutic candidate against COVID-19 and SARS: A computational and mechanistic study. FASEB J 35(4):e21360","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1080_CR109","first-page":"1935","volume":"165","author":"A Warowicka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warowicka A, Nawrot R, Go\u017adzicka-J\u00f3zefiak A (2020) Antiviral activity of berberine. Adv Virol 165(9):1935\u20131945","journal-title":"Adv Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152097","volume":"11","author":"S Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei S, Zhang M, Yu Y, Lan X, Yao F, Yan X, Chen L, Hatch GM (2016) Berberine attenuates development of the hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetic mice and in palmitate-incubated HepG2 cells through suppression of the HNF-4\u03b1 miR122 pathway. PLoS ONE 11(3):e0152097","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.02.008","volume":"10","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xu Y, Li M, Li X (2020) Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 10(5):766\u2013788","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.0620","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu Z, Feng W, Shen Q, Yu N, Yu K, Wang S, Chen Z, Shioda S, Guo Y (2017) Rhizoma coptidis and berberine as a natural drug to combat aging and aging-related diseases via anti-oxidation and AMPK activation. Aging Dis 8(6):760","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"1080_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.796207","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T (2021) Mitochondrial targeting therapeutics: promising role of natural products in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.796207","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2020.1861099","volume":"26","author":"D Yalcin Kehribar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yalcin Kehribar D, Cihangiroglu M, Sehmen E, Avci B, Capraz A, Yildirim Bilgin A, Gunaydin C, Ozgen M (2021) The receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) pathway in COVID-19. Biomarkers 26(2):114\u2013118","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G504","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00312.2011","volume":"302","author":"F Yan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yan F, Wang L, Shi Y, Cao H, Liu L, Washington MK, Chaturvedi R, Israel DA, Cao H, Wang B (2012) Berberine promotes recovery of colitis and inhibits inflammatory responses in colonic macrophages and epithelial cells in DSS-treated mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302(5):G504\u2013G514","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1080_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6196","volume":"32","author":"YQ Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan YQ, Fu YJ, Wu S, Qin HQ, Zhen X, Song BM, Weng YS, Wang PC, Chen XY, Jiang ZY (2018) Anti-influenza activity of berberine improves prognosis by reducing viral replication in mice. Phytother Res 32(12):2560\u20132567","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1080_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.07.021","volume":"113","author":"N Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang N, Wang J, Liu C, Song Y, Zhang S, Zi J, Zhan J, Masilamani M, Cox A, Nowak-Wegrzyn A (2014) Berberine and limonin suppress IgE production by human B cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from food-allergic patients. Ann Allerg Asthma Immunol 113(5):556\u2013564","journal-title":"Ann Allerg Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009069","volume":"5","author":"W Zha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zha W, Liang G, Xiao J, Studer EJ, Hylemon PB, Pandak WM Jr, Wang G, Li X, Zhou H (2010) Berberine inhibits HIV protease inhibitor-induced inflammatory response by modulating ER stress signaling pathways in murine macrophages. PLoS One 5(2):e9069","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"1080_CR119","first-page":"818","volume":"33","author":"X-D Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang X-D, Ren H-M, Liu L (2008) Effects of different dose berberine on hemodynamic parameters and [Ca2+] i of cardiac myocytes of diastolic heart failure rat model. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi China J Chinese Mater Med 33(7):818\u2013821","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi China J Chinese Mater Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-188","volume":"14","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Xiao X, Li M, Li W, Yu M, Zhang H, Ping F, Wang Z, Zheng J (2014) Berberine moderates glucose metabolism through the GnRH-GLP-1 and MAPK pathways in the intestine. BMC Complement Altern Med 14(1):1\u201310","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1080_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2015.147","volume":"37","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ma X-J, Guo C-Y, Wang M-M, Kou N, Qu H, Mao H-M, Shi D-Z (2016) Pretreatment with a combination of ligustrazine and berberine improves cardiac function in rats with coronary microembolization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 37(4):463\u2013472","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1080_CR122","first-page":"5440","volume":"19","author":"LN Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang LN, Wang XX, Wang Z, Li KY, Xu BH, Zhang J (2019) Berberine improves advanced glycation end products-induced osteogenic differentiation responses in human periodontal ligament stem cells through the canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 19(6):5440\u20135452","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00954-7","volume":"13","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang L, Li H, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhao X, Xie Y, Yang Y (2020) SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19. J Hematol Oncol 13(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1080_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaa021","volume":"108","author":"B Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang B, Chen M, Chen X, Cao K, You Y, Qian Y, Yu W (2021) Berberine reduces circulating inflammatory mediators in patients with severe COVID-19. Br J Surg 108(1):e9\u2013e11","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1080_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.003","volume":"89","author":"H Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou H, Feng L, Xu F, Sun Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Xu G, Wu X, Shen Y (2017) \"Berberine inhibits palmitate-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by triggering autophagy in macrophages: A new mechanism linking berberine to insulin resistance improvement. Biomed Pharmacother 89:864\u2013874","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"1080_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155932581986244","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325819862449","volume":"17","author":"G Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou G, Yan M, Guo G, Tong N (2019) Ameliorative effect of berberine on neonatally induced type 2 diabetic neuropathy via modulation of BDNF, IGF-1, PPAR-\u03b3, and AMPK expressions. Dose-Response 17(3):1559325819862449","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"issue":"2","key":"1080_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.125","volume":"38","author":"K Zou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou K, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li B, Zhu W, Shi J, Jia Q, Li Y (2017) Advances in the study of berberine and its derivatives: a focus on anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in the digestive system. Acta Pharmacol Sin 38(2):157\u2013167","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T00:16:38Z","timestamp":1669421798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-022-01080-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}