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This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of amoxicillin antibiotic, either alone or in combination with probiotics (<jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium lactis<\/jats:italic>), in a rat model of acute diverticulitis disease. Acute diverticulitis was induced, in albino rats, by adding 3% weight\/volume of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the rats\u2019 drinking water; daily for 7\u00a0days, in addition to injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema (4\u00a0mg\/kg). The impact of treatments was assessed by measuring the physiological and immunological parameters and evaluating colon macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results showed that both treatments (especially probiotics with amoxicillin) alleviated the adverse effects of DSS and LPS. This was obvious through the modulation of the rats\u2019 body weight and the colon weight-to-length ratio. Also, there was a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decrease in the colon macroscopic lesion score. The pro-inflammatory cytokines [(TNF)-\u03b1, (IL)-1\u03b2, (IFN)-\u03b3, and (IL)-18]; in the colon tissue; were significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased. Also, both treatments significantly ameliorated the elevation of myeloperoxidase activity and C-reactive protein levels, in addition to improving the histopathological alterations in the colon tissue. In conclusion, amoxicillin and probiotics\u2013amoxicillin were effective in preventing the development of experimentally induced acute diverticulitis,\u00a0through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, this study has explored the role of probiotics in preventing DSS\/LPS-induced acute diverticulitis, so it can be applied as a promising treatment option for acute diverticulitis disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01093-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T08:04:12Z","timestamp":1667289852000},"page":"2153-2165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protective effects of amoxicillin and probiotics on colon disorders in an experimental model of acute diverticulitis disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maha G.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanaa A.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wedad A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Shawky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1093_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207618","volume":"17","author":"Z Al Bander","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Bander Z, Nitert MD, Mousa A, Naderpoor N (2020) The gut microbiota and inflammation: an overview. 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