{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T08:39:30Z","timestamp":1772354370841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009827","name":"Alexandria University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Inflammatory autoimmune arthritis like that present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is treated by medications with many side effects. This study was a trial to benefit from <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> immune-modulatory effects on its host to treat arthritis in rat model resembling joints affection of RA. To avoid hazards of infection, <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> lysate antigen (TLA) was given instead of the whole infection, in addition to giving its encapsulated niosomes form, assuming that it would enhance the effect of TLA alone, to compare effects of both on disease activity with that of prednisolone.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Swiss albino rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group and the remaining 5 groups were injected by CFA adjuvant to induce arthritis; one of those groups was the untreated model. Each of the other groups received one of the following (TLA, TLA-encapsulated niosomes, prednisolone or niosomes) for comparison of their results. Inflammatory markers measured at the end of the experiment were: interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-10 and CRP by ELISA technique; histopathological assessment of the biopsied hind paw joints was done and also, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes both mitigated the signs of clinical and histopathological arthritis and were having anti-inflammatory effects (decreased CRP, IL-17 and JAK3 expressions, while increased IL-10 levels) with better effects in TLA-encapsulated niosomes-treated RA group, both groups\u2019 results were comparable to prednisolone. Niosomes also gave some anti-inflammatory effects but were mild in comparison to TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vaccination with both TLA and TLA-encapsulated niosomes for the first time in adjuvant-induced arthritis ameliorated the disease through diversion of immune system and JAK3 downregulation. Both vaccinations should be further tested to evaluate the possibility of their introduction for disease treatment and in other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T10:02:35Z","timestamp":1688119355000},"page":"3101-3114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen or its encapsulated niosomes form immunomodulates adjuvant-induced arthritis through JAK3 downregulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally S.","family":"Hassouna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Sheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gehan A. M.","family":"Khodear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa I.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safaa I.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1267_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.1.1","volume":"71","author":"S Aggarwal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aggarwal S, Gurney AL (2002) IL-17: prototype member of an emerging cytokine family. J Leukoc Biol 71:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"1267_CR2","first-page":"570","volume":"75","author":"JM Brewer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brewer JM, Alexander J (1992) The adjuvant activity of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) on the BALB\/c humoral response to bovine serum albumin. Immunology 75:570\u2013575","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"1267_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10176","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27358","volume":"119","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Huang C, Zhu D, Chen L, Wang J, Sun X, Hu L, Duan Y (2018) Excreted-secreted antigens of Toxoplasma gondii inhibit Foxp3 via IL-2R\u03b3\/JAK3\/Stats pathway. J Cell Biochem 119:10176\u201310185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.27358","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1267_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05444.x","volume":"82","author":"MA Cremer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cremer MA, Townes AS, Kang AH (1990) Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats evidence that autoimmunity to homologous collagens types i, II, IX and XI is not involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 82:307\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05444.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079284","author":"SF Darwish","year":"2013","unstructured":"Darwish SF, El-Bakly WM, Arafa HM, El-Demerdash E (2013) Targeting TNF-\u03b1 and NF-\u03baB activation by bee venom: role in suppressing adjuvant induced arthritis and methotrexate hepatotoxicity in rats. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079284","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1267_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0546-z","volume":"40","author":"MM El Temsahy","year":"2016","unstructured":"El Temsahy MM, El Kerdany ED, Eissa MM, Shalaby TI, Talaat IM, Mogahed NM (2016) The effect of chitosan nanospheres on the immunogenicity of toxoplasma lysate vaccine in mice. J Parasit Dis 40:611\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-014-0546-z","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"1267_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3703-8","volume":"37","author":"AA El-Henawy","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Henawy AA, Hafez EAR, Nabih N, Shalaby NM, Mashaly M (2017) Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatol Int 37:785\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-017-3703-8","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1267_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3882-0","author":"MA El-Malky","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Malky MA et al (2014) Vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides: comparison of immune responses in intranasal versus intramuscular administrations. Parasitol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-3882-0","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"1267_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00498","volume":"5","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Engwerda CR, Ng SS, Bunn PT (2014) The Regulation of CD4(+) T Cell Responses during Protozoan Infections. Front Immunol 5:498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00498","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050250","volume":"46","author":"J Eskdale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eskdale J, Kube D, Tesch H, Gallagher G (1997) Mapping of the human IL10 gene and further characterization of the 5\u2019 flanking sequence. Immunogenetics 46:120\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002510050250","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"1267_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GDB., PVL. (2020) Recent advances of non-ionic surfactant-based nano-vesicles (niosomes and proniosomes): a brief review of these in enhancing transdermal delivery of drug.\u00a0Futur J Pharm Sci\u00a06, 100 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43094-020-00117-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-020-00117-y"},{"key":"1267_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.2147\/ijn.s153150","volume":"13","author":"H Gogoi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gogoi H, Mani R, Bhatnagar R (2018) A niosome formulation modulates the Th1\/Th2 bias immune response in mice and also provides protection against anthrax spore challenge. Int J Nanomedicine 13:7427\u20137440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijn.s153150","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"1267_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1086\/653738","volume":"202","author":"R Guiton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guiton R, Vasseur V, Charron S, Arias MT, Van Langendonck N, Buzoni-Gatel D, Ryffel B, Dimier-Poisson I (2010) Interleukin 17 receptor signaling is deleterious during Toxoplasma gondii infection in susceptible BL6 mice. J Infect Dis 202:427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/653738","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1267_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111920","author":"EN Hafez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hafez EN, Moawed FSM, Abdel-Hamid GR, Eldin ES (2020) Immunomodulatory activity of gamma radiation-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii in adjuvant arthritic mice. J Photochem Photobiol B. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111920","journal-title":"J. Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"1267_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12023","volume":"35","author":"H Hasseldam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hasseldam H, Hansen CS, Johansen FF (2013) Immunomodulatory effects of helminths and protozoa in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Parasite Immunol 35:103\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12023","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006545","author":"Z Hosseininejad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosseininejad Z, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Amouei A, Hosseini SA, Nayeri Chegeni T, Anvari D, Saberi R, Gohardehi S, Mizani A, Sadeghi M, Daryani A (2018) Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006545","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1267_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00151-07","volume":"14","author":"YF Hsieh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsieh YF, Liu HW, Hsu TC, Wei JC, Shih CM, Krause PJ, Tsay GJ (2007) Serum reactivity against Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:1437\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00151-07","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR18","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), (2020) Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management: Recommendations: Guidance and guidelines, NICE, UK,."},{"key":"1267_CR19","unstructured":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIH), (2014) Handout on Health: Rheumatoid Arthritis, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland."},{"key":"1267_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03010.x","volume":"126","author":"JA Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson JA, Friberg IM, Little S, Bradley JE (2009) Review series on helminths, immune modulation and the hygiene hypothesis: immunity against helminths and immunological phenomena in modern human populations: coevolutionary legacies? Immunology 126:18\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.03010.x","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"1267_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062175","volume":"204","author":"D Jankovic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jankovic D, Kullberg MC, Feng CG, Goldszmid RS, Collazo CM, Wilson M, Wynn TA, Kamanaka M, Flavell RA, Sher A (2007) Conventional T-bet(+)Foxp3(-) Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection. J Exp Med 204:273\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20062175","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1267_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01185-12","volume":"81","author":"KD Jensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jensen KD, Hu K, Whitmarsh RJ, Hassan MA, Julien L, Lu D, Chen L, Hunter CA, Saeij JP (2013) Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry 16 kinase promotes host resistance to oral infection and intestinal inflammation only in the context of the dense granule protein GRA15. Infect Immun 81:2156\u20132167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01185-12","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1267_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2016.05.008","volume":"7","author":"YI Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong YI, Hong SH, Cho SH, Park MY, Lee SE (2016) Induction of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells following Toxoplasma gondii infection is important to the cyst formation. Biochem Biophys Rep 7:91\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrep.2016.05.008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"1267_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.73.1.617-621.2005","volume":"73","author":"MN Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly MN, Kolls JK, Happel K, Schwartzman JD, Schwarzenberger P, Combe C, Moretto M, Khan IA (2005) Interleukin-17\/interleukin-17 receptor-mediated signaling is important for generation of an optimal polymorphonuclear response against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Infect Immun 73:617\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.73.1.617-621.2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1267_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00888.x","volume":"17","author":"IA Khan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Khan IA, Matsuura T, Kasper LH (1995) IL-10 mediates immunosuppression following primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Parasite Immunol 17:185\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00888.x","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6618924","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6618924","volume":"2021","author":"N Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar N, Kuang L, Villa R, Kumar P, Mishra J (2021) Mucosal epithelial Jak kinases in health and diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2021:6618924","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"1267_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12156","volume":"66","author":"M Kuncha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuncha M, Naidu VG, Sahu BD, Gadepalli SG, Sistla R (2014) Curcumin potentiates the anti-arthritic effect of prednisolone in Freund\u2019s complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, J. Pharm Pharmacol 66:133\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12156","journal-title":"Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"1267_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00103","volume":"9","author":"TS Lima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lima TS, Lodoen MB (2019) Mechanisms of human innate immune evasion by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 9:103","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1267_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-116","volume":"3","author":"CG L\u00fcder","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00fcder CG, Campos-Salinas J, Gonzalez-Rey E, van Zandbergen G (2010) Impact of protozoan cell death on parasite-host interactions and pathogenesis. Parasit Vectors 3:116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-3-116","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1267_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/jbiol166","volume":"8","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maizels RM (2009) Parasite immunomodulation and polymorphisms of the immune system. J Biol 8:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/jbiol166","journal-title":"J Biol"},{"key":"1267_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.04.005","volume":"120","author":"V Majithia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Majithia V, Geraci SA (2007) Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management. Am J Med 120:936\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.04.005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1267_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3794","volume":"11","author":"P Miossec","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miossec P, Kolls JK (2012) Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 11:763\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3794","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"1267_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.04.015","volume":"185","author":"S Moghassemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A (2014) Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. J Control Release 185:22\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.04.015","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"1267_CR34","first-page":"24","volume":"3","author":"S Mujeeb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mujeeb S, Krishna Sailaja A (2015) Niosomes: A vesicular system for drug targeting. J. Pharm. Biol Sci 3(1):24\u201331","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biol Sci"},{"key":"1267_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090342","volume":"8","author":"C Nasuti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nasuti C, Fedeli D, Bordoni L, Piangerelli M, Servili M, Selvaggini R, Gabbianelli R (2019) Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and Anti-nociceptive activities of Nigella sativa Oil in a rat model of arthritis. Antioxidants (basel) 8:342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox8090342","journal-title":"Antioxidants (basel)"},{"key":"1267_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1675-1682.1997","volume":"65","author":"LE Neyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Neyer LE, Grunig G, Fort M, Remington JS, Rennick D, Hunter CA (1997) Role of interleukin-10 in regulation of T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent mechanisms of resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. Infect Immun 65:1675\u20131682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.65.5.1675-1682.1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1267_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90667-h","volume":"96","author":"W Nunomura","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nunomura W (1990) C-reactive protein in rat: in development, pregnancy and effect of sex hormones. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 96(4):489\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0300-9629(90)90667-h. (PMID: 1978818)","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol"},{"key":"1267_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.08.007","volume":"39","author":"Y Osada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osada Y, Shimizu S, Kumagai T, Yamada S, Kanazawa T (2009) Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces severity of collagen-induced arthritis via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Int J Parasitol 39:457\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.08.007","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"1267_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/02652048.2011.642016","volume":"29","author":"A Pardakhty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardakhty A, Shakibaie M, Daneshvar H, Khamesipour A, Mohammadi-Khorsand T, Forootanfar H (2012) Preparation and evaluation of niosomes containing autoclaved Leishmania major: a preliminary study. J Microencapsul 29:219\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02652048.2011.642016","journal-title":"J Microencapsul"},{"key":"1267_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0353-9","volume":"51","author":"M Sasai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sasai M, Yamamoto M (2019) Innate, adaptive, and cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Exp Mol Med 51:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-019-0353-9","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"1267_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111635","author":"K Shirani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shirani K, Iranshahi M, Askari VR, Gholizadeh Z, Zadeh AA, Zeinali M, Hassani FV, Taherzadeh Z (2021) Comparative evaluation of the protective effects of oral administration of auraptene and umbelliprenin against CFA-induced chronic inflammation with polyarthritis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111635","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"1267_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1162\/15353500200404136","volume":"3","author":"MD Silva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silva MD, Savinainen A, Kapadia R, Ruan J, Siebert E, Avitahl N, Mosher R, Anderson K, Jaffee B, Schopf L, Chandra S (2004) Quantitative analysis of micro-CT imaging and histopathological signatures of experimental arthritis in rats. Mol Imaging 3:312\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/15353500200404136","journal-title":"Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"2016","key":"1267_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39480","volume":"68","author":"JA Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Vaysbrot E, McNaughton C, Osani M, Shmerling RH, Curtis JR, Furst DE, Parks D, Kavanaugh A, O\u2019Dell J, King C, Leong A, Matteson EL, Schousboe JT, Drevlow B, Ginsberg S, Grober J, St Clair EW, Tindall E, Miller AS, McAlindon T (2015) American college of rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 68(2016):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.39480","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"1267_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008794.pub2","author":"JA Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Macdonald JK, Filippini G, Skoetz N, Francis D, Lopes LC, Guyatt GH, Schmitt J, La Mantia L, Weberschock T, Roos JF, Siebert H, Hershan S, Lunn MP, Tugwell P, Buchbinder R (2011) Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008794.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1267_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00453","volume":"8","author":"TB Smallwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smallwood TB, Giacomin PR, Loukas A, Mulvenna JP, Clark RJ, Miles JJ (2017) Helminth immunomodulation in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 8:453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00453","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1267_CR46","unstructured":"A. Stuart, Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug Guide. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/rheumatoid-arthritis\/rheumatoid-arthritis-medications, 2020 (Accessed 13 Oct 2022)"},{"key":"1267_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.037929","volume":"65","author":"JG Walker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Walker JG, Ahern MJ, Coleman M, Weedon H, Papangelis V, Beroukas D, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Smith MD (2006) Expression of Jak3, STAT1, STAT4, and STAT6 in inflammatory arthritis: unique Jak3 and STAT4 expression in dendritic cells in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 65:149\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2005.037929","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1267_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.05680-11","volume":"80","author":"T Washino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Washino T, Moroda M, Iwakura Y, Aosai F (2012) Toxoplasma gondii infection inhibits Th17-mediated spontaneous development of arthritis in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice. Infect Immun 80:1437\u20131444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.05680-11","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1267_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339500400209","volume":"4","author":"NL Weiss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiss NL, Sadock VA, Sigal LH, Phillips M, Merryman PF, Abramson SB (1995) False positive seroreactivity to Borrelia burgdorferi in systemic lupus erythematosus: the value of immunoblot analysis. Lupus 4:131\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096120339500400209","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"1267_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.04.018","volume":"165","author":"EH Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson EH, Wille-Reece U, Dzierszinski F, Hunter CA (2005) A critical role for IL-10 in limiting inflammation during toxoplasmic encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 165:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.04.018","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:03:11Z","timestamp":1701522191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-023-01267-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval of institutional Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt for this experiment was obtained: (IRB code: 00012098, FWA: No.: 00018699; International Council of Laboratory Animal science organization (ICLAS) membership with serial number of registration (0305205).While Consent to participate is not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}