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Biological guided anti-inflammatory assays in vitro revealed that the DCMF showed the highest activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 6.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) compared to<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> celecoxib (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 88.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL and 0.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) on COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Additionally, anti-LOX activity was IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200924.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL vs. zileuton with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 40.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. LC-DAD-QToF analysis of TME and the active DCMF resulted in the tentative identification and characterization of 56 phytochemical compounds, where the diterpenes were the dominated metabolites. An LPS-induced inflammatory model of ALI (10\u00a0mg\/kg i.p) was used to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of DCMF in vivo at dose of 200\u00a0mg\/kg and 300\u00a0mg\/kg compared to dexamethasone (5\u00a0mg\/kg i.p). Our treatments significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1, IL-6, and MPO), increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH), decreased the activity of oxidative stress enzyme (MDA), and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (p38.MAPK14 and CY450P2E1). The western blotting of NF-\u03baB p65 in lung tissues was inhibited after orally administration of the DCMF. Histopathological study of the lung tissues, scoring, and immunohistochemistry of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21) were also assessed. In both dose regimens, DCMF of <jats:italic>E. grantii<\/jats:italic> prevented further lung damage and reduced the side effects of LPS on acute lung tissue injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01298-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T05:01:30Z","timestamp":1691816490000},"page":"461-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["LC-QToF chemical profiling of Euphorbia grantii Oliv. and its potential to inhibit LPS-induced lung inflammation in rats via the NF-\u03baB, CY450P2E1, and P38 MAPK14 pathways"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Mai Hussin","family":"Radi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riham A.","family":"El-Shiekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Mohammed","family":"Hegab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley Ragae","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharathi","family":"Avula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Katragunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"El-Halawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essam","family":"Abdel-Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1298_CR1","first-page":"69","volume":"10","author":"MA Abo-Dola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abo-Dola MA, Lutfi MF (2016) Anti-inflammatory activity of Euphorbia aegyptiaca extract in rats. 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