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One h after ulcer induction, omeprazole (20\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), NPW (0.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\/day) or saline was intraperitoneally administered. Injections of NPW, COX-inhibitors, omeprazole or saline were continued for the following 2\u00a0days until rats were decapitated at the end of the third day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NPW treatment depressed gastric prostaglandin (PG) I2 level, but not PGE2 level. Similar to omeprazole, NPW treatment significantly reduced gastric and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels and depressed the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and COX-2 expressions due to ulcer. In parallel with the histopathological findings, treatment with NPW suppressed ulcer-induced increases in myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde level and replenished glutathione level. However, the inhibitory effect of NPW on myeloperoxidase activity and NPW-induced increase in glutathione were not observed in the presence of COX-1 inhibitor ketorolac or the non-selective COX-inhibitor indomethacin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, NPW facilitated the healing of gastric injury in rats via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration as well as the downregulation of COX-2 protein and NF-\u03baB gene expressions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01403-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T11:02:36Z","timestamp":1705402956000},"page":"1519-1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neuropeptide W facilitates chronic gastric ulcer healing by the regulation of cyclooxygenase and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sevil","family":"Arabac\u0131 Tamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadriye Sezen","family":"Mermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"\u00c7evik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feriha","family":"Ercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahit","family":"Ba\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0791-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berrak \u00c7.","family":"Ye\u011fen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41936-022-00280-z","volume":"83","author":"K Ajeigbe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ajeigbe K, Aibangbee K, Saeed S, Ajeigbe OOnifade A, (2022) Folic acid protects and heals gastric mucosa: role of acid output, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic and growth factors. 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