{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:46:20Z","timestamp":1790811980999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82304689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T03:51:40Z","timestamp":1737085900000},"page":"1935-1947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Casticin reduces rosacea-related inflammation by inhibiting mast cell activation via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1403-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delu","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1639_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0816-z","volume":"300","author":"K Aroni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aroni K, Tsagroni E, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E, Ioannidis E (2008) A study of the pathogenesis of rosacea: how angiogenesis and mast cells may participate in a complex multifactorial process. Arch Dermatol Res 300:125\u2013131","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"1639_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132367","volume":"10","author":"K Ashina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ashina K, Tsubosaka Y, Nakamura T, Omori K, Kobayashi K, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T (2015) Histamine induces vascular hyperpermeability by increasing blood flow and endothelial barrier disruption in vivo. PLoS ONE 10:e0132367","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1639_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10436.x","volume":"165","author":"M Augustin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Augustin M, Herberger K, Hintzen S, Heigel H, Franzke N, SCH\u00e4FER, I. (2011) Prevalence of skin lesions and need for treatment in a cohort of 90 880 workers. Br J Dermatol 165:865\u2013873","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR4","first-page":"3595563","volume":"21","author":"H Baldwin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baldwin H, Alexis A, Andriessen A, Berson D, Harper J, Lain E, Marchbein S, Stein Gold L (2022) Supplement article: skin barrier deficiency in Rosacea: an algorithm integrating OTC skincare products into treatment regimens. J Drugs Dermatol 21:3595563\u201335955610","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.892","volume":"71","author":"TT Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown TT, Choi EY, Thomas DG, Hristov AC, Chan MP (2014) Comparative analysis of rosacea and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: histopathologic features, T-cell subsets, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Am Acad Dermatol 71:100\u2013107","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.141","volume":"135","author":"T Buhl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buhl T, Sulk M, Nowak P, Buddenkotte J, Mcdonald I, Aubert J, Carlavan I, D\u00e9ret S, Reiniche P, Rivier M, Voegel JJ, Steinhoff M (2015) Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Rosacea Reveals Activation of Th1\/Th17 Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 135:2198\u20132208","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.07.003","volume":"178","author":"C Cardamone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cardamone C, Parente R, Feo GD, Triggiani M (2016) Mast cells as effector cells of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immunity. Immunol Lett 178:10\u201314","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"1639_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0675-z","volume":"40","author":"JE Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi JE, di Nardo A (2018) Skin neurogenic inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 40:249\u2013259","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"1639_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.12.004","volume":"93","author":"JE Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi JE, Werbel T, Wang Z, Wu CC, Yaksh TL, di Nardo A (2019) Botulinum toxin blocks mast cells and prevents rosacea like inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 93:58\u201364","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"1639_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2639","volume":"23","author":"MI Choudhary","year":"2009","unstructured":"Choudhary MI, Jalil S, Nawaz SA, Khan KM, Tareen RB (2009) Antiinflammatory and lipoxygenase inhibitory compounds from Vitex agnus-castus. Phytother Res 23:1336\u20131339","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1639_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14849","volume":"20","author":"BM Clanner-Engelshofen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Bernhard D, Dargatz S, Flaig MJ, Gieler U, Kinberger M, Kl\u00f6vekorn W, Kuna AC, L\u00e4uchli S, Lehmann P, Nast A, Pleyer U, Schaller M, Sch\u00f6fer H, Steinhoff M, Schwennesen T, Werner RN, Zierhut M, Reinholz M (2022) S2k guideline: Rosacea. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 20:1147\u20131165","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"1639_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13560","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013560","volume":"13","author":"Z Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng Z, Chen M, Liu Y, Xu S, Ouyang Y, Shi W, Jian D, Wang B, Liu F, Li J, Shi Q, Peng Q, Sha K, Xiao W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Sun L, Xie H, Li J (2021) A positive feedback loop between mTORC1 and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. EMBO Mol Med 13:e13560","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"1639_CR13","first-page":"7","volume":"29","author":"AB Ebeigbe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ebeigbe AB, Talabi OO (2014) Vascular Effects of Histamine. Niger J Physiol Sci 29:7\u201310","journal-title":"Niger J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"1639_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292722","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1292722","volume":"10","author":"GW Fisher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fisher GW, Travers JB, Rohan CA (2023) Rosacea pathogenesis and therapeutics: current treatments and a look at future targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1292722","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1639_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.9","volume":"15","author":"PA Gerber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerber PA, Buhren BA, Steinhoff M, Homey B (2011) Rosacea: the cytokine and chemokine network. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 15:40\u201347","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"1639_CR16","first-page":"282","volume":"179","author":"L Gether","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gether L, Overgaard LK, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP (2018) Incidence and prevalence of rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 179:282\u2013289","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0395-5","volume":"8","author":"O Gouin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gouin O, Lherondelle K, Lebonvallet N, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Sakka M, Buh\u00e9 V, Pl\u00e9e-Gautier E, Carr\u00e9 JL, Lefeuvre L, Misery L, Le Garrec R (2017) TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. Protein Cell 8:644\u2013661","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"1639_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.09.016","volume":"78","author":"R Haber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haber R, el Gemayel M (2018) Comorbidities in rosacea: a systematic review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol 78:786-792.e8","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13143","volume":"26","author":"AD Holmes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holmes AD, Steinhoff M (2017) Integrative concepts of rosacea pathophysiology, clinical presentation and new therapeutics. Exp Dermatol 26:659\u2013667","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.06.201","volume":"144","author":"T Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia T, Che D, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhou T, Peng B, Du X, Zhu L, An J, Geng S (2024) Mast cells initiate type 2 inflammation through tryptase released by MRGPRX2\/MRGPRB2 activation in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 144:53-62.e2","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamal N, Mio Asni NS, Rozlan INA, Mohd Azmi, MAH, Mazlan, NW, Mediani A, Baharum SN, Latip J, Assaw S, Edrada-Ebel RA 2022 Traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological properties, and health applications of Vitex sp Plants (Basel), 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11151944"},{"key":"1639_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13381","volume":"26","author":"M Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M, Kim J, Jeong SW, Jo H, Woo YR, Park HJ (2017) Inhibition of mast cell infiltration in an LL-37-induced rosacea mouse model using topical brimonidine tartrate 0.33% gel. Exp Dermatol 26:1143\u20131145","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2072","volume":"7","author":"S Kraft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kraft S, Kinet JP (2007) New developments in FcepsilonRI regulation, function and inhibition. Nat Rev Immunol 7:365\u2013378","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1639_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.027","volume":"147","author":"H K\u00fchn","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00fchn H, Kolkhir P, Babina M, D\u00fcll M, Frischbutter S, Fok JS, Jiao Q, Metz M, Scheffel J, Wolf K, Kremer AE, Maurer M (2021) Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 and its activators in dermatologic allergies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147:456\u2013469","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1639_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.07.041","volume":"28","author":"H Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee H, Jung KH, Lee H, Park S, Choi W, Bae H (2015) Casticin, an active compound isolated from Vitex Fructus, ameliorates the cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammatory response in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 28:1097\u20131101","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106178","volume":"79","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Yuan X, Tang Y, Wang B, Deng Z, Huang Y, Liu F, Zhao Z, Zhang Y (2020a) Hydroxychloroquine is a novel therapeutic approach for rosacea. Int Immunopharmacol 79:106178","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106745","volume":"86","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Mei W, Huang Z, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xu B, Shi X, Xiao Y, Ma Z, Liao T, Zhang H, Wang P (2020b) Casticin suppresses monoiodoacetic acid-induced knee osteoarthritis through inhibiting HIF-1\u03b1\/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 86:106745","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.043","volume":"76","author":"HW Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim HW, Collins SAB, Resneck JS Jr, Bolognia JL, Hodge JA, Rohrer TA, Van Beek MJ, Margolis DJ, Sober AJ, Weinstock MA, Nerenz DR, Smith Begolka W, Moyano JV (2017) The burden of skin disease in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 76:958-972.e2","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20070520","volume":"5","author":"S Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin S, Zhang H, Han T, Wu JZ, Rahman K, Qin LP (2007) In vivo effect of casticin on acute inflammation. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 5:573\u2013576","journal-title":"Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao"},{"key":"1639_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.046","volume":"158","author":"CJ Liou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liou CJ, Len WB, Wu SJ, Lin CF, Wu XL, Huang WC (2014) Casticin inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression via suppression of NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 158:310\u20136","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00635","volume":"9","author":"CJ Liou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liou CJ, Cheng CY, Yeh KW, Wu YH, Huang WC (2018) Protective effects of casticin from Vitex trifolia alleviate eosinophilic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in a murine asthma model. Front Pharmacol 9:635","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00110","volume":"13","author":"A Mittal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittal A, Sagi V, Gupta M, Gupta K (2019) Mast cell neural interactions in health and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 13:110","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1639_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.435","volume":"130","author":"S Morizane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morizane S, Yamasaki K, Kabigting FD, Gallo RL (2010) Kallikrein expression and cathelicidin processing are independently controlled in keratinocytes by calcium, vitamin D(3), and retinoic acid. J Invest Dermatol 130:1297\u20131306","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1639_CR34","first-page":"4951","volume":"18","author":"T Murakami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murakami T, Suzuki K, Niyonsaba F, Tada H, Reich J, Tamura H, Nagaoka I (2018) MrgX2-mediated internalization of LL-37 and degranulation of human LAD2 mast cells. Mol Med Rep 18(6):4951\u20134959","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"1639_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.222","volume":"134","author":"Y Muto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muto Y, Wang Z, Vanderberghe M, Two A, Gallo RL, di Nardo A (2014) Mast cells are key mediators of cathelicidin-initiated skin inflammation in rosacea. J Invest Dermatol 134:2728\u20132736","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramchandani, S., Naz, I., Lee, J. H., Khan, M. R. & Ahn, K. S. 2020. An Overview of the Potential Antineoplastic Effects of Casticin. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061287"},{"key":"1639_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.120522","volume":"7","author":"A Rani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rani A, Sharma A (2013) The genus Vitex: A review. Pharmacogn Rev 7:188\u2013198","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"key":"1639_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9049","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.21.9049","volume":"15","author":"A Rasul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rasul A, Zhao BJ, Liu J, Liu B, Sun JX, Li J, Li XM (2014) Molecular mechanisms of casticin action: an update on its antitumor functions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15:9049\u20139058","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"1639_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12629","volume":"282","author":"FA Redegeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Redegeld FA, Yu Y, Kumari S, Charles N, Blank U (2018) Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Immunol Rev 282:87\u2013113","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"1639_CR40","first-page":"4","volume":"14","author":"M Reinholz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reinholz M, Ruzicka T, Steinhoff M, Schaller M, Gieler U, Sch\u00f6fer H, Homey B, Lehmann P, Luger TA (2016) Pathogenesis and clinical presentation of rosacea as a key for a symptom-oriented therapy. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 14(Suppl 6):4\u201315","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"1639_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.05.005","volume":"142","author":"S Roy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roy S, Alkanfari I, Chaki S, Ali H (2022) Role of MrgprB2 in Rosacea-like inflammation in mice: modulation by \u03b2-Arrestin 2. J Invest Dermatol 142:2988-2997.e3","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.6","volume":"15","author":"VD Schwab","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwab VD, Sulk M, Seeliger S, Nowak P, Aubert J, Mess C, Rivier M, Carlavan I, Rossio P, Metze D, Buddenkotte J, Cevikbas F, Voegel JJ, Steinhoff M (2011) Neurovascular and neuroimmune aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 15:53\u201362","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"1639_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.051","volume":"138","author":"H Subramanian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Subramanian H, Gupta K, Ali H (2016) Roles of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 on mast cell-mediated host defense, pseudoallergic drug reactions, and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 138:700\u2013710","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1639_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22409-3","volume":"8","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Kulkarni NN, Lee EY, Zhang LJ, Wong GCL, Gallo RL (2018) Cathelicidin promotes inflammation by enabling binding of self-RNA to cell surface scavenger receptors. Sci Rep 8:4032","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1639_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.077","volume":"82","author":"D Thiboutot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thiboutot D, Anderson R, Cook-Bolden F, Draelos Z, Gallo RL, Granstein RD, Kang S, Macsai M, Gold LS, Tan J (2020) Standard management options for rosacea: the 2019 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol 82:1501\u20131510","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15155","volume":"176","author":"MMD van der Linden","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Linden MMD, van Ratingen AR, van Rappard DC, Nieuwenburg SA, Spuls PI (2017) DOMINO, doxycycline 40 mg vs. minocycline 100 mg in the treatment of rosacea: a randomized, single-blinded, noninferiority trial, comparing efficacy and safety. Br J Dermatol 176:1465\u20131474","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00324","volume":"6","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang YJ, Hao D, Wen X, Du D, He G, Jiang X (2019) The theranostics role of mast cells in the pathophysiology of Rosacea. Front Med (Lausanne) 6:324","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1639_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.050","volume":"84","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang B, Yuan X, Huang X, Tang Y, Zhao Z, Yang B, Yang B, Zheng Y, Yuan C, Xie H, Li J (2021) Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of patients with rosacea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 84:543\u2013545","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625","volume":"46","author":"J Wilkin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wilkin J, Dahl M, Detmar M, Drake L, Feinstein A, Odom R, Powell F (2002) Standard classification of rosacea: report of the national Rosacea society expert committee on the classification and staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:584\u2013587","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2017.1361540","volume":"23","author":"Y Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Y, Fu C, Zhang W, Li C, Zhang J (2018) The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and the hospital anxiety and depression (HADS) in Chinese rosacea patients. Psychol Health Med 23:369\u2013374","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"1639_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169916","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1169916","volume":"14","author":"W Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao W, Chen M, Wang B, Huang Y, Zhao Z, Deng Z, Xie H, Li J, Tang Y (2023) Efficacy and safety of antibiotic agents in the treatment of rosacea: a systemic network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 14:1169916","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1616","volume":"13","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamasaki K, di Nardo A, Bardan A, Murakami M, Ohtake T, Coda A, Dorschner RA, Bonnart C, Descargues P, Hovnanian A, Morhenn VB, Gallo RL (2007) Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosacea. Nat Med 13:975\u2013980","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1639_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.02.745","volume":"141","author":"SH Yoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoon SH, Hwang I, Lee E, Cho HJ, Ryu JH, Kim TG, Yu JW (2021) Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 drives rosacea-like skin inflammation in an NLRP3-dependent manner. J Invest Dermatol 141:2885-2894.e5","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1639_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.05.016","volume":"49","author":"Y Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Lai Y, Chen W, Xiao Z, Zhang W, Jin M, Yu B (2017) LL-37-induced human mast cell activation through G protein-coupled receptor MrgX2. Int Immunopharmacol 49:6\u201312","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1639_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109181","volume":"117","author":"X Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan X, Li J, Li Y, Deng Z, Zhou L, Long J, Tang Y, Zuo Z, Zhang Y, Xie H (2019) Artemisinin, a potential option to inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis in rosacea. Biomed Pharmacother 117:109181","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1639_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23363","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23363","volume":"34","author":"C Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan C, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Qian C, Hocquet D, Zheng S, Mac-Mary S, Humbert P (2020) Rosacea is associated with conjoined interactions between physical barrier of the skin and microorganisms: a pilot study. J Clin Lab Anal 34:e23363","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"1639_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45040177","volume":"45","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang C, Kang Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Xu H, Cai W, Gao X, Yang J (2023) Long-term administration of LL-37 can induce irreversible rosacea-like lesion. Curr Issues Mol Biol 45:2703\u20132716","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"1639_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2021.4165","volume":"31","author":"S Zierl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zierl S, Guertler A, Hildebrand JA, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, French LE, Reinholz M (2021) A comprehensive epidemiological study of rosacea in Germany. Eur J Dermatol 31:744\u2013751","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T21:01:25Z","timestamp":1744405285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01639-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The experimental protocols for the mouse model were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University (Permit Number: XJTUAE2023-1175).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}