{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:14:11Z","timestamp":1787613251187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24010902170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24010902170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1747463790000},"page":"2869-2881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Calprotectin inhibition attenuates silica-induced lung fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Narjes","family":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Mdkhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Hafezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola Faisal","family":"Elamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam Wed","family":"Eladham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baraa Khalid Salah","family":"Al-Sheakly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Halwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Saheb Sharif-Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabih","family":"Halwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07425-1","volume":"9","author":"S Benmerzoug","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benmerzoug S et al (2018) STING-dependent sensing of self-DNA drives silica-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 9(1):5226","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1771_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1994-0234","volume-title":"The colloid chemistry of silica","author":"HE Bergna","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bergna HE (1994) Colloid chemistry of silica. The colloid chemistry of silica. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 1\u201347"},{"issue":"3","key":"1771_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.111744","volume":"16","author":"LJ Bhagia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhagia LJ (2012) Non-occupational exposure to silica dust. Indian J Occup Environ Med 16(3):95\u2013100","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02105-7","volume":"23","author":"T Bormann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bormann T et al (2022) Role of matrix metalloprotease-2 and MMP-9 in experimental lung fibrosis in mice. Respir Res 23(1):180","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"1771_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107732","volume":"172","author":"G Bredeck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bredeck G et al (2023) Inhalable Saharan dust induces oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. Environ Int 172:107732","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2020-000827","volume":"8","author":"M Carlos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carlos M et al (2021) Serum calprotectin as new biomarker for disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cross-sectional study in two independent cohorts. BMJ Open Respir Res 8(1):e000827","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1771_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.02.004","volume":"226","author":"T Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen T et al (2014) Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition involved in pulmonary fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes via TGF-beta\/Smad signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 226(2):150\u2013162","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"30","key":"1771_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519197113","volume":"113","author":"F Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng F et al (2016) Vimentin coordinates fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation in wound healing via TGF-\u03b2\u2013Slug signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(30):E4320\u2013E4327","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1771_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177263","volume":"990","author":"BT Ciambarella","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ciambarella BT et al (2025) TNF-alpha mediates airway hyperreactivity in silicotic mice: effect of thalidomide treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 990:177263","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1771_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201203-023AW","volume":"9","author":"IE Fernandez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O (2012) The impact of TGF-\u03b2 on lung fibrosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc 9(3):111\u2013116","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1771_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01520-5","volume":"27","author":"M Friedrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Friedrich M et al (2021) IL-1-driven stromal-neutrophil interactions define a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that does not respond to therapies. Nat Med 27(11):1970\u20131981","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01389-5","volume":"32","author":"S Gairola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gairola S, Sinha A, Kaundal RK (2024) Linking NLRP3 inflammasome and pulmonary fibrosis: mechanistic insights and promising therapeutic avenues. Inflammopharmacology 32(1):287\u2013305","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1771_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0046OC","volume":"39","author":"RM Gilberti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilberti RM, Joshi GN, Knecht DA (2008) The phagocytosis of crystalline silica particles by macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 39(5):619\u2013627","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.033","volume":"158","author":"IO Gordon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gordon IO et al (2020) Histopathology scoring systems of stenosis associated with small bowel Crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Gastroenterology 158(1):137-150.e1","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1771_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2007.09.020","volume":"53","author":"MI Greenberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greenberg MI, Waksman J, Curtis J (2007) Silicosis: a review. Dis Mon 53(8):394\u2013416","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"2","key":"1771_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.016","volume":"29","author":"Q Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Q et al (2021) Induction of alarmin S100A8\/A9 mediates activation of aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe 29(2):222-235.e4","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"5","key":"1771_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2013.781580","volume":"10","author":"DB Holmgaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holmgaard DB et al (2013) Calprotectin\u2014a marker of mortality in COPD? Results from a prospective cohort study. COPD J Chron Obstruct Pulm Dis 10(5):581\u2013587","journal-title":"COPD J Chron Obstruct Pulm Dis"},{"key":"1771_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174028","volume":"945","author":"C Huo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huo C et al (2024) Silica aggravates pulmonary fibrosis through disrupting lung microbiota and amino acid metabolites. Sci Total Environ 945:174028","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1771_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-108964","volume":"81","author":"IB Iversen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iversen IB et al (2024) Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and incident idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and pulmonary sarcoidosis: a national prospective follow-up study. Occup Environ Med 81(6):279","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1771_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168948","volume":"912","author":"Q Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia Q et al (2024) Investigation of the mechanism of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis: the role of lung microbiota dysbiosis and the LPS\/TLR4 signaling pathway. Sci Total Environ 912:168948","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"10","key":"1771_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324855","volume":"70","author":"A Jukic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jukic A et al (2021) Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function. Gut 70(10):1978\u20131988","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"1771_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.37833","volume":"17","author":"DH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim DH et al (2020) Suppressive effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine release of human bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. Int J Med Sci 17(4):498\u2013509","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1771_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43042","volume":"77","author":"R Kuley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kuley R et al (2025) Neutrophil activation markers and rheumatoid arthritis treatment response to the JAK1\/2 inhibitor baricitinib. Arthritis Rheumatol 77(4):395\u2013404","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03192-y","volume":"26","author":"M Lam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lam M et al (2025) NLRP3 deficiency abrogates silica-induced neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary damage and fibrosis. Respir Res 26(1):109","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1771_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199812)34:6<547::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"34","author":"KD Linch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Linch KD et al (1998) Surveillance of respirable crystalline silica dust using OSHA compliance data (1979\u20131995). Am J Ind Med 34(6):547\u2013558","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1771_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01964-6","volume":"47","author":"R Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma R et al (2024) Tetrandrine alleviates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis through PI3K\/AKT pathway: network pharmacology investigation and experimental validation. Inflammation 47(4):1109\u20131126","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"1771_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0237OC","volume":"46","author":"SK Madala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madala SK et al (2012) MEK-ERK pathway modulation ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis associated with epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 46(3):380\u2013388","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"1771_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.104528","volume":"107","author":"M Majster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majster M, Almer S, Bostr\u00f6m EA (2019) Salivary calprotectin is elevated in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Oral Biol 107:104528","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1771_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0210ST","volume":"44","author":"G Matute-Bello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Matute-Bello G et al (2011) An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 44(5):725\u2013738","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1771_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284061","volume":"18","author":"B Mdkhana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mdkhana B et al (2023) Nucleic acid sensor STING drives remodeling and its inhibition enhances steroid responsiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE 18(7):e0284061","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1771_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-021-09620-1","volume":"38","author":"W Nie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nie W et al (2022) Crystalline silica induces macrophage necrosis and causes subsequent acute pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Cell Biol Toxicol 38(4):591\u2013609","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1771_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25724","volume":"232","author":"Y Nishikawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nishikawa Y et al (2017) Calprotectin induces IL-6 and MCP-1 production via toll-like receptor 4 signaling in human gingival fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 232(7):1862\u20131871","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1771_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662110160","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666211016071","volume":"15","author":"TN Perkins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perkins TN, Oury TD (2021) The perplexing role of RAGE in pulmonary fibrosis: causality or casualty? Ther Adv Respir Dis 15:17534666211016072","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1771_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2007.22.4.255","volume":"22","author":"L Rushton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rushton L (2007) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and occupational exposure to silica. Rev Environ Health 22(4):255\u2013272","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"1771_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.018","volume":"172","author":"N Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saheb Sharif-Askari N et al (2021) Upregulation of oxidative stress gene markers during SARS-COV-2 viral infection. Free Radic Biol Med 172:688\u2013698","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1771_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-024-01937-x","volume":"73","author":"N Saheb Sharif-Askari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saheb Sharif-Askari N et al (2024) Calprotectin is regulated by IL-17A and induces steroid hyporesponsiveness in asthma. Inflamm Res 73(11):1875\u20131888","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1771_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206517","volume":"74","author":"RF Schelbergen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schelbergen RF et al (2015) Prophylactic treatment with S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 74(12):2254\u20132258","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3COVCRA0720-359R","volume":"109","author":"H Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi H et al (2021) Neutrophil calprotectin identifies severe pulmonary disease in COVID-19. J Leukoc Biol 109(1):67\u201372","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"1771_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154719","author":"P Sieber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sieber P et al (2023) NF-\u03baB drives epithelial-mesenchymal mechanisms of lung fibrosis in a translational lung cell model. JCI Insight. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.154719","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"1771_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00159-2015","volume":"47","author":"K Van Crombruggen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Crombruggen K et al (2015) Differential release and deposition of S100A8\/A9 proteins in inflamed upper airway tissue. Eur Respir J 47(1):264\u2013274","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1771_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2520","volume":"105","author":"D Viemann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viemann D et al (2005) Myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 induce a specific inflammatory response in human microvascular endothelial cells. Blood 105(7):2955\u20132962","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"1771_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1638","volume":"13","author":"T Vogl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vogl T et al (2007) Mrp8 and Mrp14 are endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock. Nat Med 13(9):1042\u20131049","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1771_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1574OC","volume":"185","author":"J-F Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu J-F et al (2012) Statins and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185(5):547\u2013556","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1771_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12139","volume":"173","author":"X Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu X et al (2013) S100A9 promotes human lung fibroblast cells activation through receptor for advanced glycation end-product-mediated extracellular-regulated kinase 1\/2, mitogen-activated protein-kinase and nuclear factor-\u03baB-dependent pathways. Clin Exp Immunol 173(3):523\u2013535","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1771_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.80605","volume":"19","author":"H Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou H et al (2023) NLRP3 inflammasome mediates silica-induced lung epithelial injury and aberrant regeneration in lung stem\/progenitor cell-derived organotypic models. Int J Biol Sci 19(6):1875\u20131893","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1771_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000652","volume":"22","author":"E Zittan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zittan E et al (2016) Low fecal calprotectin correlates with histological remission and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn\u2019s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22(3):623\u2013630","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:02:41Z","timestamp":1750215761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01771-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All experiments were conducted with approval from the University of Sharjah Animal Care and Use Committee, adhering to national guidelines for laboratory animal care.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}]}}