{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:13:40Z","timestamp":1779261220241,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T02:52:53Z","timestamp":1763434373000},"page":"7163-7178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative efficacy and safety of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis: a systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis with CINeMA and GRADE assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3015-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesreen","family":"Alhamwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5947-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Omar","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1025-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bara M.","family":"Hammadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1849-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama M.","family":"Aldeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3149-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdallah","family":"Shawwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9232-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layan","family":"Lafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9251-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Elkadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5996-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayat","family":"Mohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0887-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor J.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1369-731X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aseel","family":"Rizik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeina","family":"Al Halasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Aljarrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2039_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aboelwafa HO, Mohamed HAK, Ibrahim DM, Bedair NI (2024) Efficacy of Leflunomide compared to methotrexate in the treatment of moderate to severe plaques psoriasis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Dermatol Pract Concept 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5826\/DPC.1403A165","DOI":"10.5826\/DPC.1403A165"},{"key":"2039_CR2","unstructured":"Ali ME, Matiur Rahman GM, Akhtar N, Wahab MA, Rashid MM, Islam AZMM (2016) Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of plaque type psoriasis. J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2039_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2020.4006","volume":"323","author":"AW Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong AW, Read C (2020) Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. JAMA 323(19):1945\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2020.4006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2039_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Attwa EM, Elkot RA, Abdelshafey AS, Hafez AR (2019) Subcutaneous methotrexate versus oral form for the treatment and prophylaxis of chronic plaque psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/DTH.13051","DOI":"10.1111\/DTH.13051"},{"key":"2039_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/EBMENTAL-2019-300117","volume":"22","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balduzzi S, R\u00fccker G, Schwarzer G (2019) How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial. Evid Based Ment Health 22:153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/EBMENTAL-2019-300117","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2039_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/JSS.V106.I02","volume":"106","author":"S Balduzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balduzzi S, R\u00fccker G, Nikolakopoulou A, Papakonstantinou T, Salanti G, Efthimiou O, Schwarzer G (2023) Netmeta: an R package for network meta-analysis using frequentist methods. J Stat Softw 106:1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/JSS.V106.I02","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2039_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.08.022","volume":"105","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brignardello-Petersen R, Murad MH, Walter SD, McLeod S, Carrasco-Labra A, Rochwerg B, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Tomlinson G, Guyatt GH (2019) GRADE approach to rate the certainty from a network meta-analysis: avoiding spurious judgments of imprecision in sparse networks. J Clin Epidemiol 105:60\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.08.022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2039_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/CED.15102","volume":"47","author":"C Choonhakarn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choonhakarn C, Chaowattanapanit S, Julanon N, Limpawattana P (2022) Comparison of the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous vs. oral administration of methotrexate in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Dermatol 47:942\u2013948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CED.15102","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dogra S, Singh N, Kumar S, Narang T, Handa S (2022) Comparison of overall efficacy and safety of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in severe psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/DTH.15656","DOI":"10.1111\/DTH.15656"},{"key":"2039_CR10","unstructured":"El-Esawy FM (2022) Methotrexate mechanism of action in plaque psoriasis: something new in the old view - PubMed [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36061481\/. Accessed 9 Sep 25"},{"key":"2039_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2007.08284.X","volume":"158","author":"I Flytstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flytstr\u00f6m I, Stenberg B, Svensson \u00c5, Bergbrant IM (2008) Methotrexate vs. ciclosporin in psoriasis: effectiveness, quality of life and safety. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 158:116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2007.08284.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320907","volume":"332","author":"MW Greaves","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greaves MW, Weinstein GD (1995) Treatment of psoriasis. N Engl J Med 332:581\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199503023320907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2039_CR13","unstructured":"Greenberg R (2016) Topical psoriasis therapies and unmet patient needs: the importance of optimizing methotrexate - PubMed [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26919356\/. Accessed 9 Sep 25"},{"key":"2039_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1468-3083.2010.03927.X","volume":"25","author":"M G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fel","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fel M, \u00d6zdemir M, Mevlito\u01e7lu \u00c4, Bodur S (2011) Evaluation of the efficacy of methotrexate and cyclosporine therapies on psoriatic nails: a one-blind, randomized study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:1080\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1468-3083.2010.03927.X","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2039_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/JOCD.16215","volume":"23","author":"EM Hegazy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hegazy EM, El Taieb MA, Ibrahim HM, Rageh EHM, Ahmed NM, Ibrahim AK, Younis AM, Ali MA (2024) TWEAK levels in psoriatic patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B and methotrexate. J Cosmet Dermatol 23:1905\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JOCD.16215","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA021359","volume":"349","author":"VMR Heydendael","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heydendael VMR, Spuls PI, Opmeer BC, de Borgie CAJM, Reitsma JB, Goldschmidt WFM, Bossuyt PMM, Bos JD, de Rie MA (2003) Methotrexate versus cyclosporine in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med 349:658\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA021359","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2039_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1093\/RHEUMATOLOGY\/KEM147","volume":"46","author":"SL Hider","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hider SL, Bruce IN, Thomson W (2007) The pharmacogenetics of methotrexate. Rheumatology 46:1520\u20131524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/RHEUMATOLOGY\/KEM147","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2039_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/JRSM.1044","volume":"3","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Jackson D, Barrett JK, Lu G, Ades AE, White IR (2012) Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Res Synth Methods 3:98\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JRSM.1044","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2039_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (2019) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv 1\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119536604","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"2039_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2230.2009.03693.X","volume":"35","author":"SGY Ho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ho SGY, Yeung CK, Chan HHL (2010) Methotrexate versus traditional Chinese medicine in psoriasis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine efficacy, safety and quality of life. Clin Exp Dermatol 35:717\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2230.2009.03693.X","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR21","unstructured":"Hoekstra M, Haagsma C, Neef C, Proost J, Knuif A, van de Laar M (2004) Bioavailability of higher dose methotrexate comparing oral and subcutaneous administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - PubMed [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15088287\/. Accessed 30 Oct 25"},{"key":"2039_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C, Ioannidis JPA, Straus S, Thorlund K, Jansen JP, Mulrow C, Catala-Lopez F, Gotzsche PC, Dickersin K, Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D (2015) The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med 162:777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-2385","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2039_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1002\/SIM.6188","volume":"33","author":"D Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson D, Barrett JK, Rice S, White IR, Higgins JPT (2014) A design-by-treatment interaction model for network meta-analysis with random inconsistency effects. Stat Med 33:3639\u20133654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/SIM.6188","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2039_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2018.11.057","volume":"80","author":"A Menter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menter A, Strober BE, Kaplan DH, Kivelevitch D, Prater EF, Stoff B, Armstrong AW, Connor C, Cordoro KM, Davis DMR, Elewski BE, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, Gottlieb AB, Kavanaugh A, Kiselica M, Korman NJ, Kroshinsky D, Lebwohl M, Leonardi CL, Lichten J, Lim HW, Mehta NN, Paller AS, Parra SL, Pathy AL, Rupani RN, Siegel M, Wong EB, Wu JJ, Hariharan V, Elmets CA (2019) Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol 80:1029\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAD.2018.11.057","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB, Gottlieb AB, Koo JYM, Lebwohl M, Lim HW, Van Voorhees AS, Beutner KR, Bhushan R (2009) Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 4. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with traditional systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 61:451\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.027"},{"issue":"11","key":"2039_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.16915","volume":"34","author":"A Nast","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nast A, Smith C, Spuls PI, Avila Valle G, Bata-Cs\u00f6rg\u00f6 Z, Boonen H, De Jong E, Garcia-Doval I, Gisondi P, Kaur-Knudsen D, Mahil S, M\u00e4lk\u00f6nen T, Maul JT, Mburu S, Mrowietz U, Reich K, Remenyik E, R\u00f8nholt KM, Sator PG, Schmitt-Egenolf M, Sikora M, Str\u00f6mer K, Sundnes O, Trigos D, Van Der Kraaij G, Yawalkar N, Dressler C (2020) EuroGuiDerm guideline on the systemic treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris \u2013 Part 1: treatment and monitoring recommendations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(11):2461\u20132498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.16915","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2039_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PMED.1003082","volume":"17","author":"A Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikolakopoulou A, Higgins JPT, Papakonstantinou T, Chaimani A, Giovane CD, Egger M, Salanti G (2020) Cinema: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis. PLoS Med 17(4):e1003082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PMED.1003082","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2039_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A (2016) Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13643-016-0384-4,","DOI":"10.1186\/S13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"2039_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papakonstantinou T, Nikolakopoulou A, Higgins JPT, Egger M, Salanti G (2020) CINeMA: software for semiautomated assessment of the confidence in the results of network meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/CL2.1080","DOI":"10.1002\/CL2.1080"},{"issue":"6","key":"2039_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ADENGL.2014.05.011","volume":"105","author":"L Puig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puig L (2014) Methotrexate: new therapeutic approaches. Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas (English Edition) 105(6):583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ADENGL.2014.05.011","journal-title":"Actas Dermo-Sifiliogr\u00e1ficas (English Edition)"},{"key":"2039_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.13656","volume":"30","author":"SR Quist","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quist SR, Quist J, Birkenmaier J, Stauch T, Gollnick HP (2016) Pharmacokinetic profile of methotrexate in psoriatic skin via the oral or subcutaneous route using dermal microdialysis showing higher methotrexate bioavailability in psoriasis plaques than in non-lesional skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 30:1537\u20131543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JDV.13656","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2039_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1010858","volume":"365","author":"K Reich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reich K, Langley RG, Papp KA, Ortonne J-P, Unnebrink K, Kaul M, Valdes JM (2011) A 52-Week trial comparing briakinumab with methotrexate in patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med 365:1586\u20131596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA1010858","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2039_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.18001","volume":"181","author":"K Reich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reich K, Reich JLK, Falk TM, Bl\u00f6dorn-Schlicht N, Mrowietz U, von Kiedrowski R, Pfeiffer C, Niesmann J, Frambach Y, Warren RB (2019) Clinical response of psoriasis to subcutaneous methotrexate correlates with inhibition of cutaneous T helper 1 and 17 inflammatory pathways. Br J Dermatol 181:859\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.18001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rendon A, Sch\u00e4kel K (2019) Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment. Int J Mol Sci 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS20061475,","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS20061475"},{"key":"2039_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/JRSM.1058","volume":"3","author":"G R\u00fccker","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fccker G (2012) Network meta-analysis, electrical networks and graph theory. Res Synth Methods 3:312\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JRSM.1058","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2039_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2007.08315.X","volume":"158","author":"JH Saurat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saurat JH, Stingl G, Dubertret L, Papp K, Langley RG, Ortonne JP, Unnebrink K, Kaul M, Camez A (2008) Efficacy and safety results from the randomized controlled comparative study of adalimumab vs. methotrexate vs. placebo in patients with psoriasis (CHAMPION). Br J Dermatol 158:558\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2133.2007.08315.X","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205228","volume":"73","author":"MH Schiff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiff MH, Jaffe JS, Freundlich B (2014) Head-to-head, randomised, crossover study of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Drug-exposure limitations of oral methotrexate at doses \u226515 mg may be overcome with subcutaneous administration. Ann Rheum Dis 73:1549\u20131551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205228","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2039_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S685","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216655","volume":"79","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 RBM, Bijlsma JWJ, Burmester GR, Dougados M, Kerschbaumer A, McInnes IB, Sepriano A, Van Vollenhoven RF, De Wit M, Aletaha D, Aringer M, Askling J, Balsa A, Boers M, Den Broeder AA, Buch MH, Buttgereit F, Caporali R, Cardiel MH, De Cock D, Codreanu C, Cutolo M, Edwards CJ, Van Eijk-Hustings Y, Emery P, Finckh A, Gossec L, Gottenberg JE, Hetland ML, Huizinga TWJ, Koloumas M, Li Z, Mariette X, M\u00fcller-Ladner U, Mysler EF, Da Silva JAP, Po\u00f3r G, Pope JE, Rubbert-Roth A, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Saag KG, Strangfeld A, Takeuchi T, Voshaar M, Westhovens R, Van Der Heijde D (2020) EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis 79:S685\u2013S699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216655","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2039_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hern\u00e1n MA, Hopewell S, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Junqueira DR, J\u00fcni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. The BMJ 366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.L4898,","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.L4898"},{"key":"2039_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/JRSM.1167;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:17592887;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE\/CHAPTER","volume":"7","author":"G van Valkenhoef","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Valkenhoef G, Dias S, Ades AE, Welton NJ (2016) Automated generation of node-splitting models for assessment of inconsistency in network meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods 7:80\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JRSM.1167;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:17592887;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE\/CHAPTER","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2039_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S154745","volume":"14","author":"GA Vena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vena GA, Cassano N, Iannone F (2018) Update on subcutaneous methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis and psoriasis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 14:105\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/TCRM.S154745","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"2039_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/IJD.17758","author":"M Viguier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Viguier M, Carrascosa-Carrillo JM, Rakvit P, Constantin MM, Varlet AA, Le Clanche S, Verhagen LAW, Boehncke WH (2025) Comprehensive literature review evaluating the use, safety, and efficacy of subcutaneous methotrexate in the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/IJD.17758","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2039_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/BJD.14816","volume":"175","author":"RB Warren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Warren RB, Weatherhead SC, Smith CH, Exton LS, Mohd Mustapa MF, Kirby B, Yesudian PD, McHenry PM, Gibbon K, Buckley DA, Nasr I, Swale VJ, Duarte Williamson CE, Leslie T, Mallon E, Wakelin S, Ungureanu S, Hunasehally P, Cork M, Donnelly J, Saunders C, Brain AG (2016) British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for the safe and effective prescribing of methotrexate for skin disease 2016. Br J Dermatol 175(1):23\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BJD.14816","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2039_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32127-4","volume":"389","author":"RB Warren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Warren RB, Mrowietz U, von Kiedrowski R, Niesmann J, Wilsmann-Theis D, Ghoreschi K, Zschocke I, Falk TM, Bl\u00f6dorn-Schlicht N, Reich K (2017) An intensified dosing schedule of subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis (METOP): a 52 week, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet 389:528\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32127-4","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2039_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/APT.12161","volume":"37","author":"A Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilson A, Patel V, Chande N, Ponich T, Urquhart B, Asher L, Choi Y, Tirona R, Kim RB, Gregor JC (2013) Pharmacokinetic profiles for oral and subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 37:340\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/APT.12161","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T11:03:55Z","timestamp":1766055835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-025-02039-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Owing to the nature of this research design involving the synthesis of existing data, this study is exempt from review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Therefore, no ethical approval was required for this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published randomized clinical trials. No individual patient data or identifiable information was used; therefore, consent for publication was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}