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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with well-known inflammatory and immunoregulatory pathological features. The complexity of the disease requires multi-targeted treatment. Because of their relative safety and effectiveness, natural products can be utilized as adjunct and alternative agents to conventional UC treatment. So\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    the present work aimed to isolate phenolic constituents of the plant\u2019s 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME)\u00a0and evaluate its protective effect on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. The defatted AME was chromatographed, and structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, NMR spectroscopy and HPLC\u2013ESI\u2013MS analysis. Induction of ulcerative colitis was done using Acetic acid, the protective effect against ulcerative colitis was supported by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. The isolated compounds are Kaempferol 3-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -D-glucopyranoside (kaempferol 3-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glucoside) or (Astragalin)\n                    <jats:bold>(1)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , quercetin 3-\n                    <jats:italic>O-\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -D-glucopyranoside (Isoquercetrin)\n                    <jats:bold>(2)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , Quercetin\n                    <jats:bold>(3)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , Catechin\n                    <jats:bold>(4)<\/jats:bold>\n                    , quercetin 3-\n                    <jats:italic>O-\u03b1-<\/jats:italic>\n                    L-rhamnospyranoside (Quercetrin)\n                    <jats:bold>(5)<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The AME of\n                    <jats:italic>P. racemosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly alleviated the UC by decreasing the disease activity index and Wallace score. Additionally, GSH, CAT, and SOD were increased, and MDA was decreased, suggesting AME\u2019s antioxidant activity. The decreased levels of WBCs, neutrophils, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, MPO, and\n                    <jats:italic>NF-\u03baB p65<\/jats:italic>\n                    support the AME\u2019s anti-inflammatory properties. The highest activity was recorded for the dose of 1000\u00a0mg\/kg. These findings were in harmony with the histopathological examination and the Alcian Blue staining for mucin content. The current study revealed that the AME of\n                    <jats:italic>P. racemosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    has protective activities against UC in rats via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be attributed to its phenolic profile.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-02060-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T15:25:57Z","timestamp":1771082757000},"page":"1823-1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pimenta racemosa extract ameliorates chemically induced ulcerative colitis in rats by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathia S.","family":"Elshaarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed I. 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