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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GO in the adjuvant arthritis rat model, alone and combined with methotrexate (MX), with emphasis on miR-124 and miR-30a effect on the inflammasome (NLRP3)-related disease progression pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen days post-adjuvant injection,  male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were treated with methotrexate (MX, 1\u00a0mg\/kg\/week), low-dose GO (100\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), high-dose GO (200\u00a0mg\/kg\/day), or a combination of MX and high-dose GO for 14\u00a0days. Arthritis progression was assessed using the arthrogram score and hind paw swelling. Tibiotarsal joint tissue was analyzed for inflammatory and autophagy markers, angiogenic factors, miR-124, and miR-30a. Radiological and histopathological examination of the ankle joint was performed, as well as immunohistochemistry for NLRP3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased hind paw swelling and changes in radiological and histopathological characteristics confirmed the development of AA. Biochemical analysis of synovial tissue revealed decreased expression of miR-124 and miR-30a, accompanied by increased NLRP3 expression, as well as enhanced autophagy, angiogenesis, and inflammatory markers. Geraniol, in a dose-dependent manner, could reverse inflammatory parameters without any significant toxicological signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that GO modulates the NLRP3 pathway through miRNA regulation. The synergistic effect of the GO and MX combination uncovers a novel therapeutic strategy in RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02198-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T09:59:14Z","timestamp":1776333554000},"page":"3347-3361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-arthritic efficacy of geraniol and methotrexate via miRNA-driven NLRP3 inflammasome suppression in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8674-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mennatallah A.","family":"Gowayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6791-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maher A.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0375-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged W.","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4098-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar O.","family":"El-Ganainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302104","volume":"10","author":"A Afuwape","year":"2003","unstructured":"Afuwape A, Feldmann M, Paleolog E (2003) Adenoviral delivery of soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) abrogates disease activity in murine collagen-induced arthritis. 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