{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T13:52:42Z","timestamp":1781704362830,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Talent Support Project of Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital","award":["ZPRC-2023A-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZPRC-2023A-11"]}]},{"name":"the Program of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China","award":["24010701800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24010701800"]}]},{"name":"Zhang Xia Expert Workstation of the Yunnan Province","award":["202205AF150068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205AF150068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:11:12Z","timestamp":1778199072000},"page":"3797-3816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical combination therapy for IBD and promising co-delivery strategies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Xinlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07774","volume":"458","author":"M Aouadi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aouadi M, Tesz GJ, Nicoloro SM, Wang M, Chouinard M, Soto E et al (2009) Orally delivered siRNA targeting macrophage Map4k4 suppresses systemic inflammation. Nature 458:1180\u20131184","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2222_CR2","first-page":"236","volume":"20","author":"F Asgharzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asgharzadeh F, Yaghoubi A, Nazari SE, Hashemzadeh A, Hasanian SM, Avan A et al (2021) The beneficial effect of combination therapy with sulfasalazine and valsartan in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Excli J 20:236\u2013247","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"key":"2222_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04612.x","volume":"33","author":"S Ben-Horin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ben-Horin S, Chowers Y (2011) Review article: loss of response to anti-TNF treatments in Crohn\u2019s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 33:987\u2013995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15730","volume":"51","author":"VBC Biemans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biemans VBC, Savelkoul E, Gabriels RY, Simsek M, Dijkstra G, Pierik MJ et al (2020) A comparative analysis of tioguanine versus low-dose thiopurines combined with allopurinol in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 51:1076\u20131086","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2217\/pme.12.85","volume":"9","author":"PA Blaker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blaker PA, Arenas-Hernandez M, Marinaki AM, Sanderson JD (2012) The pharmacogenetic basis of individual variation in thiopurine metabolism. Per Med 9:707\u2013725","journal-title":"Per Med"},{"key":"2222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16478","volume":"54","author":"A Blesl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blesl A, Binder L, Hogenauer C, Wenzl H, Borenich A, Pregartner G et al (2021) Limited long-term treatment persistence of first anti-TNF therapy in 538 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a 20-year real-world study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 54:667\u2013677","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200110000-00006","volume":"33","author":"AL Buchman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buchman AL (2001) Side effects of corticosteroid therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 33:289\u2013294","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.10.009","volume":"158","author":"K Buyens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buyens K, de Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, Peeters L, van Grunsven LA et al (2012) Liposome based systems for systemic siRNA delivery: stability in blood sets the requirements for optimal carrier design. J Control Release 158:362\u2013370","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4800(03)00017-0","volume":"74","author":"CA Carter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carter CA, JollyWorden DGCE, Hendren DG, Kane CJ (2003) Platelet-rich plasma gel promotes differentiation and regeneration during equine wound healing. Exp Mol Pathol 74:244\u2013255","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f28f","volume":"19","author":"M Chaparro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaparro M, Ordas I, Cabre E, Garcia-Sanchez V, Bastida G, Penalva M et al (2013) Safety of thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: long-term follow-up study of 3931 patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19:1404\u20131410","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2222_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01407-4","volume":"308","author":"TC Chou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chou TC, Fu E, Shen EC (2003) Chitosan inhibits prostaglandin E2 formation and cyclooxygenase-2 induction in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 308:403\u2013407","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.010","volume":"22","author":"JF Colombel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Colombel JF, Ungaro RC, Sands BE, Siegel CA, Wolf DC, Valentine JF et al (2024) Vedolizumab, adalimumab, and methotrexate combination therapy in crohn\u2019s disease (Explorer). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:1487-1496.e12","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae191","author":"JA Damianos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Damianos JA, Osikoya O, Brennan G (2024) Upadacitinib for acute severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izae191","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00318-7","volume":"9","author":"S Danese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Danese S, Panaccione R, Feagan BG, Afzali A, Rubin DT, Sands BE et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of 48 weeks of guselkumab for patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: maintenance results from the phase 2, randomised, double-blind GALAXI-1 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:133\u2013146","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.09.005","volume":"185","author":"AA Date","year":"2018","unstructured":"Date AA, Halpert G, Babu T, Ortiz J, Kanvinde P, Dimitrion P et al (2018) Mucus-penetrating budesonide nanosuspension enema for local treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biomaterials 185:97\u2013105","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2222_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0228-5","volume":"17","author":"JL Digby-Bell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Digby-Bell JL, Atreya R, Monteleone G, Powell N (2020) Interrogating host immunity to predict treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:9\u201320","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110366","volume":"107","author":"C Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding C, Wu H, Yin ZZ, Gao J, Wu D, Qin Y et al (2020) Disulfide-cleavage- and pH-triggered drug delivery based on a vesicle structured amphiphilic self-assembly. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 107:110366","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"issue":"8","key":"2222_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa277","volume":"27","author":"MT Dolinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dolinger MT, Spencer EA, Lai J, Dunkin D, Dubinsky MC (2020) Dual biologic and small molecule therapy for the treatment of refractory pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 27(8):1210\u20131214","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2222_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.11.036","volume":"516","author":"H Duan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duan H, L\u00fc S, Qin H, Gao C, Bai X, Wei Y et al (2017) Co-delivery of zinc and 5-aminosalicylic acid from alginate\/N-succinyl-chitosan blend microspheres for synergistic therapy of colitis. Int J Pharm 516:214\u2013224","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2222_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70140-5","volume":"118","author":"MC Dubinsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, Targan SR, Sinnett D, Theoret Y et al (2000) Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 118:705\u2013713","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-018-0175-1","volume":"16","author":"M Duijvestein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duijvestein M, Battat R, Vande Casteele N, D\u2019Haens GR, Sandborn WJ, Khanna R et al (2018) Novel therapies and treatment strategies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 16:129\u2013146","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2016.12.005","volume":"13","author":"JS Edman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edman JS, Greeson JM, Roberts RS, Kaufman AB, Abrams DI, Dolor RJ et al (2017) Perceived stress in patients with common gastrointestinal disorders: associations with quality of life, symptoms and disease management. Explore (NY) 13:124\u2013128","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"2222_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1038\/540S98a","volume":"540","author":"M Eisenstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eisenstein M (2016) A slow-motion epidemic. Nature 540:S98\u2013S99","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"238\u2013245","key":"2222_CR24","volume":"19","author":"DM Faleck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faleck DM, Shmidt E, Huang R, Katta LG, Narula N, Pinotti R et al (2021) Effect of concomitant therapy with steroids and tumor necrosis factor antagonists for induction of remission in patients with crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(238\u2013245):e4","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00427-7","volume":"8","author":"BG Feagan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feagan BG, Sands BE, Sandborn WJ, Germinaro M, Vetter M, Shao J et al (2023) Guselkumab plus golimumab combination therapy versus guselkumab or golimumab monotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (VEGA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 2, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:307\u2013320","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0151","volume":"31","author":"JP Fennis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fennis JP, Stoelinga PJ, Jansen JA (2002) Mandibular reconstruction: a clinical and radiographic animal study on the use of autogenous scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 31:281\u2013286","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2222_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.022","volume":"160","author":"JD Feuerstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feuerstein JD, Ho EY, Shmidt E, Singh H, Falck-Ytter Y, Sultan S et al (2021) AGA clinical practice guidelines on the medical management of moderate to severe luminal and perianal fistulizing Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 160:2496\u20132508","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.08.001","volume":"99","author":"S Flynn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flynn S, Eisenstein S (2019) Inflammatory bowel disease presentation and diagnosis. Surg Clin North Am 99:1051\u20131062","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2222_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2025.2527693","volume":"22","author":"A Gagliardi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gagliardi A, Del Valle M, Espuelas S, Irache JM, Cosco D (2025) Application of zein nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 22:1451\u20131466","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"2222_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318512","volume":"69","author":"M Garg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garg M, Royce SG, Tikellis C, Shallue C, Batu D, Velkoska E et al (2020) Imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in IBD: a novel therapeutic target? Gut 69:841\u2013851","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2222_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2008.02.008","volume":"128","author":"C Gomez-Gaete","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gomez-Gaete C, Fattal E, Silva L, Besnard M, Tsapis N (2008) Dexamethasone acetate encapsulation into Trojan particles. J Control Release 128:41\u201349","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035020","volume":"102","author":"M Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo M, Wang X (2023) Pathological mechanism and targeted drugs of ulcerative colitis: a review. Medicine (Baltimore) 102:e35020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2222_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010075","author":"C Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo C, Zhou J, Wang G, Wu J (2025) Dual biologic or small molecule therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a single center experience. Children (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12010075","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"2222_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120381","volume":"598","author":"S Gurcan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gurcan S, Tsapis N, Reynaud F, Denis S, Vergnaud J, Ozer O et al (2021) Combining dexamethasone and TNF-alpha siRNA within the same nanoparticles to enhance anti-inflammatory effect. Int J Pharm 598:120381","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2222_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2024.103041","volume":"20","author":"FS Hasheminasab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasheminasab FS, Azimi M (2024) A review of inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of Persian medicine. Explore 20:103041","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"2222_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.02.024","volume":"16","author":"RP Hirten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hirten RP, Iacucci M, Shah S, Ghosh S, Colombel JF (2018) Combining biologics in inflammatory bowel disease and other immune mediated inflammatory disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1374\u20131384","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.2067","volume":"15","author":"F Hoentjen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hoentjen F, VAN Bodegraven AA (2009) Safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 15:2067\u20132073","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.279","volume":"36","author":"SW Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong SW, Park J, Yoon H, Yang HR, Shin CM, Park YS et al (2021) Comparison of loss of response between anti-tumor necrosis factor alone and combined use with immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Korean J Intern Med 36:S9\u2013S17","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"2222_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200281","volume":"9","author":"L Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong L, Chen G, Cai Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Wang F et al (2022) Balancing microthrombosis and inflammation via injectable protein hydrogel for inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Sci (Weinh) 9:e2200281","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"2222_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i17.2676","volume":"19","author":"K Ishida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ishida K, Inoue T, Fujiwara K, Sakanaka T, Narabayashi K, Nouda S et al (2013) Clinical effects of adalimumab treatment with concomitant azathioprine in Japanese Crohn\u2019s disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 19:2676\u20132682","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111038","volume":"12","author":"HD Jhundoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jhundoo HD, Siefen T, Liang A, Schmidt C, Lokhnauth J, Beduneau A et al (2020) Anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan and 5-amino salicylic acid combinations in experimental colitis. Pharmaceutics 12:1038","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2222_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000019298.29561.cd","volume":"21","author":"TT Jubeh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jubeh TT, Barenholz Y, Rubinstein A (2004) Differential adhesion of normal and inflamed rat colonic mucosa by charged liposomes. Pharm Res 21:447\u2013453","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2222_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","volume":"12","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaplan GG (2015) The global burden of IBD: from 2015 to 2025. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:720\u20137","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(23)02521-0","volume":"164","author":"DJ Katibian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katibian DJ, Solitano V, Polk DB, Nguyen TM, Ma C, Jairath V et al (2023) Withdrawal of immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission on combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 164:S652\u2013S653","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"H Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim H, Kim SR, Je J, Jeong K, Kim S, Kim HJ et al (2018) The proximal tubular alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates ischemic acute kidney injury through Akt\/PKC signaling-mediated HO-1 induction. Exp Mol Med 50:1\u201317","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2222_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b01518","volume":"17","author":"JM Knipe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knipe JM, Strong LE, Peppas NA (2016) Enzyme- and pH-responsive microencapsulated nanogels for oral delivery of siRNA to induce TNF-alpha knockdown in the intestine. Biomacromol 17:788\u2013797","journal-title":"Biomacromol"},{"key":"2222_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0759-x","volume":"41","author":"W Kong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong W, Kang K, Gao Y, Liu H, Meng X, Cao Y et al (2018) GTS-21 protected against LPS-induced sepsis myocardial injury in mice through alpha7nAChR. Inflammation 41:1073\u20131083","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2222_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.06.021","volume":"146","author":"NG Kotla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kotla NG, Rana S, Sivaraman G, Sunnapu O, Vemula PK, Pandit A et al (2019) Bioresponsive drug delivery systems in intestinal inflammation: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 146:248\u2013266","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2222_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.24472","volume":"82","author":"M Kuchar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuchar M, Vankova L, Petrokova H, Cerny J, Osicka R, Pelak O et al (2014) Human interleukin-23 receptor antagonists derived from an albumin-binding domain scaffold inhibit IL-23-dependent ex vivo expansion of IL-17-producing T-cells. Proteins 82:975\u2013989","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"2222_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.02.017","volume":"19","author":"L Kwapisz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwapisz L, Raffals LE, Bruining DH, Pardi DS, Tremaine WJ, Kane SV et al (2021) Combination biologic therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Experience from a tertiary care center. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:616\u2013617","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.04.046","volume":"186","author":"H Laroui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laroui H, Viennois E, Xiao B, Canup BS, Geem D, Denning TL et al (2014) Fab\u2019-bearing siRNA TNFalpha-loaded nanoparticles targeted to colonic macrophages offer an effective therapy for experimental colitis. J Control Release 186:41\u201353","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.005","volume":"18","author":"C LE Berre","year":"2020","unstructured":"LE Berre C, Ananthakrishnan AN, Danese S, Singh S, Peyrin-Biroulet L (2020) Ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease have similar burden and goals for treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:14\u201323","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02045-4","volume":"21","author":"F Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei F, Zeng F, Yu X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Xu M et al (2023) Oral hydrogel nanoemulsion co-delivery system treats inflammatory bowel disease via anti-inflammatory and promoting intestinal mucosa repair. J Nanobiotechnology 21:275","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2222_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136392","volume":"281","author":"W Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang W, Zhang W, Tian J, Zhang X, Lv X, Qu A et al (2024a) Advances in carbohydrate-based nanoparticles for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 281:136392","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2222_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-024-00207-w","volume":"5","author":"Y Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang Y, Li Y, Lee C, Yu Z, Chen C, Liang C (2024b) Ulcerative colitis: molecular insights and intervention therapy. Mol Biomed 5:42","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"2222_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.27","volume":"113","author":"GR Lichtenstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lichtenstein GR, Loftus EV, Isaacs KL, Regueiro MD, Gerson LB, Sands BE (2018) ACG clinical guideline: management of Crohn\u2019s disease in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 113:481\u2013517","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i18.2177","volume":"25","author":"V Limanskiy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Limanskiy V, Vyas A, Chaturvedi LS, Vyas D (2019) Harnessing the potential of gene editing technology using CRISPR in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 25:2177\u20132187","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25657","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c07750","volume":"18","author":"S Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin S, Han S, Wang X, Wang X, Shi X, He Z et al (2024) Oral microto-nano genome-editing system enabling targeted delivery and conditional activation of CRISPR-Cas9 for gene therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. ACS Nano 18:25657\u201325670","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2222_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200147","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20200147","volume":"3","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, Xu J, Xing Y, Yan T, Yu S, Sun H et al (2021) Nanozymes as efficient tools for catalytic therapeutics. View 3:20200147","journal-title":"View"},{"key":"2222_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.03.029","volume":"369","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Ou X, Zhang T, Li X, Qiao Q, Jia L et al (2024) In situ neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis mediated by Glycyrrhiza protein nanoparticles for acute inflammation therapy. J Control Release 369:215\u2013230","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16060","volume":"52","author":"EV Loftus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loftus EV, Feagan BG, Panaccione R, Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Sands BE et al (2020) Long-term safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 52:1353\u20131365","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00385-5","volume":"8","author":"E Louis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Louis E, Resche-Rigon M, Laharie D, Satsangi J, Ding N, Siegmund B et al (2023) Withdrawal of infliximab or concomitant immunosuppressant therapy in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease on combination therapy (SPARE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:215\u2013227","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00620","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000620","volume":"14","author":"M Lutz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lutz M, Caldera F, Schroeder K, Gazis D, Crawford JM, Long MD et al (2023) Prevalence of immunomodulator use as combination therapy with vedolizumab or ustekinumab in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology 14:e00620","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122741","volume":"635","author":"Y Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv Y, Ren M, Yao M, Zou J, Fang S, Wang Y et al (2023) Colon-specific delivery of methotrexate using hyaluronic acid modified pH-responsive nanocarrier for the therapy of colitis in mice. Int J Pharm 635:122741","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2222_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13110","volume":"281","author":"Y Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma Y, Zhang L, Huang X (2014) Genome modification by CRISPR\/Cas9. FEBS J 281:5186\u20135193","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2222_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202307247","volume":"20","author":"L Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma L, Ma Y, Gao Q, Liu S, Zhu Z, Shi X et al (2024) Mulberry leaf lipid nanoparticles: a naturally targeted CRISPR\/Cas9 oral delivery platform for alleviation of colon diseases. Small 20:e2307247","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2222_CR67","first-page":"981","volume":"52","author":"FS Macaluso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macaluso FS, Renna S, Maida M, Dimarco M, Sapienza C, Affronti M et al (2017) Tolerability profile of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective experience. Scand J Gastroenterol 52:981\u2013987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw152","volume":"10","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Motoya S, Watanabe K, Hisamatsu T, Nakase H, Yoshimura N et al (2016) Adalimumab monotherapy and a combination with Azathioprine for Crohn\u2019s Disease: a prospective, randomized trial. J Crohns Colitis 10:1259\u20131266","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2222_CR69","first-page":"0416","volume":"1","author":"SC Mills","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mills SC, Von Roon AC, Tekkis PP, Orchard TR (2011) Crohn\u2019s disease. BMJ Clin Evid 1:0416","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"2222_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08182-y","volume":"69","author":"Y Miyatani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miyatani Y, Choi D, Choi NK, Rubin DT (2024) Dual-targeted therapy with upadacitinib and ustekinumab in medically complex crohn\u2019s disease. Dig Dis Sci 69:355\u2013359","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2222_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.01.010","volume":"101","author":"E Moroz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moroz E, Matoori S, Leroux JC (2016) Oral delivery of macromolecular drugs: where we are after almost 100years of attempts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 101:108\u2013121","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2222_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2023.12.012","volume":"20","author":"E Mustafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mustafa E (2024) Summary of a cochrane review: Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease. Explore (NY) 20:150\u2013151","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"2222_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4","volume":"16","author":"YR Na","year":"2019","unstructured":"Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G (2019) Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:531\u2013543","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0248-1","volume":"17","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neurath MF (2020) Host-microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:76\u201377","journal-title":"Nature Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.05.041","volume":"35","author":"Y Oe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oe Y, Christie RJ, Naito M, Low SA, Fukushima S, Toh K et al (2014) Actively-targeted polyion complex micelles stabilized by cholesterol and disulfide cross-linking for systemic delivery of siRNA to solid tumors. Biomaterials 35:7887\u20137895","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2222_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-020-00396-1","volume":"22","author":"C Olbjorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olbjorn C, Rove JB, Jahnsen J (2020) Combination of biological agents in moderate to severe pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a case series and review of the literature. Paediatr Drugs 22:409\u2013416","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2222_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.046","volume":"130","author":"MT Osterman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Osterman MT, Kundu R, Lichtenstein GR, Lewis JD (2006) Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 130:1047\u20131053","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.052","volume":"146","author":"R Panaccione","year":"2014","unstructured":"Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Middleton S, M\u00e1rquez JR, Scott BB, Flint L et al (2014) Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 146:392-400.e3","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.043","volume":"17","author":"R Panaccione","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panaccione R, Steinhart AH, Bressler B, Khanna R, Marshall JK, Targownik L et al (2019) Canadian association of gastroenterology clinical practice guideline for the management of luminal crohn\u2019s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:1680\u20131713","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.01.004","volume":"70","author":"AA Pandya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pandya AA, Yakel JL (2013) Activation of the alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptor induces anxiogenic effects in rats which is blocked by a 5-HT(1)a receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology 70:35\u201342","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2222_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6577","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206577","volume":"12","author":"S Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel S, Yarur AJ (2023) A review of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving combination therapy. J Clinical Med 12:6577","journal-title":"J Clinical Med"},{"key":"2222_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106935","volume":"196","author":"F Penagini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penagini F, Lonoce L, Abbattista L, Silvera V, Rendo G, Cococcioni L et al (2023) Dual biological therapy and small molecules in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 196:106935","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2222_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2024.103083","volume":"21","author":"Z Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng Z, Li D, Wu N, Wang XY, Sun GX, Gao HB et al (2025) Safety and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Explore (NY) 21:103083","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"2222_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-020-00280-5","volume":"15","author":"L Petagna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petagna L, Antonelli A, Ganini C, Bellato V, Campanelli M, Divizia A et al (2020) Pathophysiology of Crohn\u2019s disease inflammation and recurrence. Biol Direct 15:23","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"key":"2222_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02347-1","volume":"22","author":"L Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peyrin-Biroulet L, Arkkila P, Armuzzi A, Danese S, Guardiola J, Jahnsen J et al (2022) Comparative efficacy and safety of infliximab and vedolizumab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 22:291","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09628-y","volume":"103","author":"TV Plavec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plavec TV, Berlec A (2019) Engineering of lactic acid bacteria for delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103:2053\u20132066","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2222_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050152","author":"TV Plavec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Plavec TV, Kuchar M, Benko A, Liskova V, Cerny J, Berlec A et al (2019) Engineered Lactococcus lactis secreting IL-23 receptor-targeted REX protein blockers for modulation of IL-23\/Th17-mediated inflammation. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms7050152","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2222_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565130-00008","volume":"65","author":"GL Plosker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Plosker GL, Croom KF (2005) Sulfasalazine: a review of its use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 65:1825\u20131849","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2222_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831","volume":"347","author":"DK Podolsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Podolsky DK (2002) Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 347:417\u2013429","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2222_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa149","volume":"15","author":"G Privitera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Privitera G, Onali S, Pugliese D, Renna S, Savarino E, Viola A et al (2020) Dual targeted therapy: a possible option for the management of refractory inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 15(2):335\u2013339","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2222_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2012.11.017","volume":"105","author":"L Puig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puig L (2014) Methotrexate: new therapeutic approaches. Actas Dermosifiliogr 105:583\u2013589","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"2222_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02097-6","volume":"21","author":"L Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu L, Shen R, Wei L, Xu S, Xia W, Hou Y et al (2023) Designing a microbial fermentation-functionalized alginate microsphere for targeted release of 5-ASA using nano dietary fiber carrier for inflammatory bowel disease treatment. J Nanobiotechnol 21:344","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"2222_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.10.045","volume":"422","author":"M Rabiskova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rabiskova M, Bautzova T, Gajdziok J, Dvorackova K, Lamprecht A, Pellequer Y et al (2012) Coated chitosan pellets containing rutin intended for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: in vitro characteristics and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 422:151\u2013159","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2222_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.63","volume":"7","author":"G Roda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roda G, Jharap B, Neeraj N, Colombel JF (2016) Loss of response to Anti-TNFs: definition, epidemiology, and management. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 7:e135","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01927-5","volume":"405","author":"DT Rubin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubin DT, Allegretti JR, Pan\u00e9s J, Shipitofsky N, Yarandi SS, Huang KG et al (2025) Guselkumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (QUASAR): phase 3 double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled induction and maintenance studies. Lancet 405:33\u201349","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2222_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270012439715","volume":"53","author":"HJ Ryu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ryu HJ, Song R, Kim HW, Kim JH, Lee EY, Lee YJ et al (2013) Clinical risk factors for adverse events in allopurinol users. J Clin Pharmacol 53:211\u2013216","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2222_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606910","volume":"376","author":"WJ Sandborn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, D\u2019Haens GR, Vermeire S, Schreiber S et al (2017) Tofacitinib as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med 376:1723\u20131736","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2222_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1086\/523341","volume":"46","author":"ME Sanders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanders ME (2008) Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, and uses. Clin Infect Dis 46(Suppl 2):S58-61 (discussion S144-51.)","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2222_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.09.041","volume":"158","author":"A Sazonovs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sazonovs A, Kennedy NA, Moutsianas L, Heap GA, Rice DL, Reppell M et al (2020) HLA-DQA1*05 carriage associated with development of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and adalimumab in patients with crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 158:189\u2013199","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01736-1","author":"N Seegobin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seegobin N, Mccoubrey LE, Vignal C, Waxin C, Abdalla Y, Fan Y et al (2024) Dual action tofacitinib-loaded PLGA nanoparticles alleviate colitis in an IBD mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01736-1","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"2222_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.02.044","volume":"18","author":"S Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh S, Facciorusso A, Dulai PS, Jairath V, Sandborn WJ (2020) Comparative risk of serious infections with biologic and\/or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:69-81 e3","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2222_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00699.x","volume":"160","author":"SA Snoek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snoek SA, Verstege MI, van der Zanden EP, Deeks N, Bulmer DC, Skynner M et al (2010) Selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists worsen disease in experimental colitis. Br J Pharmacol 160:322\u2013333","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2222_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201901805","volume":"9","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Duan B, Chen H, Xu X (2020) A Novel strategy for treating inflammatory bowel disease by targeting delivery of methotrexate through glucan particles. Adv Healthc Mater 9:e1901805","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"2222_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa050","volume":"14","author":"LE Targownik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Targownik LE, Benchimol EI, Bernstein CN, Singh H, Tennakoon A, Zubieta AA et al (2020) Combined biologic and immunomodulatory therapy is superior to monotherapy for decreasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease-related complications. J Crohns Colitis 14:1354\u20131363","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2222_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1021\/mp9000926","volume":"6","author":"B Tirosh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tirosh B, Khatib N, Barenholz Y, Nissan A, Rubinstein A (2009) Transferrin as a luminal target for negatively charged liposomes in the inflamed colonic mucosa. Mol Pharm 6:1083\u20131091","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"2222_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1","volume":"389","author":"J Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, Peyrin-Biroulet L (2017) Crohn\u2019s disease. Lancet 389:1741\u20131755","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2222_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","volume":"389","author":"R Ungaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ungaro R, Mehandru S, Allen PB, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Colombel JF (2017) Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 389:1756\u20131770","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2222_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1359","volume":"77","author":"E Viennois","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viennois E, Merlin D, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B (2017) Dietary emulsifier-induced low-grade inflammation promotes colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 77:27\u201340","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2222_CR109","first-page":"233","volume":"14","author":"AI Visan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Visan AI, Negut I (2024) Integrating artificial intelligence for drug discovery in the context of revolutionizing drug delivery. Life (Basel) 14:233","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"2222_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-024-6435-6","volume":"17","author":"D Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang D, Jiang Q, Shen R, Peng L, Zhou W, Meng T et al (2024) ROS-responsive nanoparticles targeting inflamed colon for synergistic therapy of inflammatory bowel disease via barrier repair and anti-inflammation. Nano Res 17:5409\u20135423","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"2222_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","volume":"45","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wangchuk P, Yeshi K, Loukas A (2024) Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments. Trends Pharmacol Sci 45:892\u2013903","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2222_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2859","volume":"9","author":"DS Wilson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilson DS, Dalmasso G, Wang L, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D, Murthy N (2010) Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-\u03b1-siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines. Nat Mater 9:923\u2013928","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"2222_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84322-2","volume":"15","author":"C Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu C, Bi C, Kim GS, Yang Z, Li S, Dai T et al (2025) Oral colon-targeted responsive chitosan\/pectin-based nanoparticles propels the application of tofacitinib in colitis therapy. Sci Rep 15:1569","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2222_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06005","volume":"448","author":"RJ Xavier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK (2007) Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 448:427\u2013434","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2222_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.056","volume":"146","author":"B Xiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao B, Laroui H, Viennois E, Ayyadurai S, Charania MA, Zhang Y et al (2014) Nanoparticles with surface antibody against CD98 and carrying CD98 small interfering RNA reduce colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 146:1289\u2013300.e1-19","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2222_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.11.020","volume":"25","author":"B Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M et al (2017) Orally targeted delivery of tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-functionalized nanoparticles efficiently alleviates ulcerative colitis. Mol Ther 25:1628\u20131640","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.08.021","volume":"287","author":"B Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao B, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Kang Y, Denning T et al (2018) TNFalpha gene silencing mediated by orally targeted nanoparticles combined with interleukin-22 for synergistic combination therapy of ulcerative colitis. J Control Release 287:235\u2013246","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181198","volume":"216","author":"P Xiao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao P, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Liu R, Zhao Y et al (2019) Phosphatase Shp2 exacerbates intestinal inflammation by disrupting macrophage responsiveness to interleukin-10. J Exp Med 216:337\u2013349","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2222_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11324","volume":"22","author":"J Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao J, Zhang G, Gao S, Shen J, Feng H, He Z et al (2020) Combined administration of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 and the alpha7nAChR agonist PNU282987 protect mice against DSSinduced colitis. Mol Med Rep 22:2235\u20132244","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2222_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-019-2274-2","volume":"12","author":"X Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu X, Yang W, Liang Q, Shi Y, Zhang W, Wang X et al (2019) Efficient and targeted drug\/siRNA co-delivery mediated by reversibly crosslinked polymersomes toward anti-inflammatory treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Nano Res 12:659\u2013667","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"2222_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15719","volume":"51","author":"E Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang E, Panaccione N, Whitmire N, Dulai PS, Vande Casteele N, Singh S et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of simultaneous treatment with two biologic medications in refractory Crohn\u2019s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 51:1031\u20131038","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2222_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.08.007","volume":"361","author":"JJ Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang JJ, Li DW, Zhang MJ, Lin GL, Hu SK, Xu HL (2023) From the updated landscape of the emerging biologics for IBDs treatment to the new delivery systems. J Control Release 361:568\u2013591","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2222_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101332","volume":"29","author":"W Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang W, Lin P, Gao R, Fang Z, Wang Z, Ma Z et al (2024) Cell-derived biomimetic drug delivery system for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Mater Today Bio 29:101332","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"2222_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i2.102342","volume":"17","author":"CC Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang CC, Zhang S, Zhang R, Zhao YN, Yang DW, Yang MY et al (2025) Application of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis patients demonstrates significant effectiveness. World J Gastrointest Surg 17:102342","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2222_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0297897","volume":"10","author":"T Yeruva","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yeruva T, Yang S, Kaluzienski M, Louisthelmy R, Doski S, Maisel K et al (2026) Synthetic mucus biomaterials enable localized therapeutic antibody delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. APL Bioeng 10:016106","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"key":"2222_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201209991","volume":"52","author":"L Yin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C et al (2013) Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-alpha siRNA against systemic inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 52:5757\u20135761","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"2222_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3390\/md13031133","volume":"13","author":"I Younes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Younes I, Rinaudo M (2015) Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Mar Drugs 13:1133\u20131174","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2222_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.03.013","volume":"66","author":"M Yousef","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yousef M, Pichyangkura R, Soodvilai S, Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C (2012) Chitosan oligosaccharide as potential therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 66:66\u201379","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2222_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109949","volume":"125","author":"A Yousefi-Ahmadipour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Niknia S, Allahverdi A, Mirzahosseini-Pourranjbar A, Tashakori M et al (2020) Therapeutic effects of combination of platelet lysate and sulfasalazine administration in TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 125:109949","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2222_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.91","volume":"20","author":"YZ Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang YZ, Li YY (2014) Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 20:91\u201399","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2222_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5657","volume":"7","author":"S Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang S, Ermann J, Succi MD, Zhou A, Hamilton MJ, Cao B et al (2015) An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Transl Med 7:300ra128","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2222_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado8222","volume":"10","author":"G Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang G, Song D, Ma R, Li M, Liu B, He Z et al (2024) Artificial mucus layer formed in response to ROS for the oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Adv 10:eado8222","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2222_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab029","volume":"15","author":"M Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao M, Gonczi L, Lakatos PL, Burisch J (2021) The burden of inflammatory bowel disease in Europe in 2020. J Crohns Colitis 15:1573\u20131587","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2222_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-5969-3","volume":"17","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Zhou D, Yin Y, Li Z, Guo Z, Pan Y et al (2024) Oral pyroptosis nanoinhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Nano Res 17:1748\u20131759","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"2222_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317977","volume":"68","author":"S Zundler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zundler S, Becker E, Schulze LL, Neurath MF (2019) Immune cell trafficking and retention in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances. Gut 68:1688\u20131700","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1781701371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02222-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}