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Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is a form of vitamin E that is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Yet, it has not been adequately investigated in both cellular and animal neuroinflammation models. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of TRF were investigated\n                    <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    using BV2 microglial cells and also\n                    <jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a pilot study using Sprague Dawley rats. TRF at 5 and 10\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL were found to reduce nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment with TRF significantly increases the recognition index implying improvement in cognition ability. Gene expression analysis showed downregulation of RelA, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 while NFE2L2 and BDNF were upregulated. These findings suggests that TRF may help mitigates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, indicating its potential as a candidature for further investigation in neurodegenerative diseases associated with chronic neuroinflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02249-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:51:19Z","timestamp":1776700279000},"page":"4117-4130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the role of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in ameliorating neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jing Yi","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaarvena","family":"Retinasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Lin Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammu Kutty","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng Yoon","family":"Yeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/680834","volume":"2012","author":"N Abd Manan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abd Manan N, Mohamed N, Shuid AN (2012) Effects of low-dose versus high-dose\u03b3-Tocotrienol on the bone cells exposed to the Hydrogen Peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. 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