{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:28:16Z","timestamp":1787927296414,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:28:09Z","timestamp":1782743289000},"page":"5281-5304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra and their functional role in modulating gut inflammation and intestinal homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Devi","family":"Basumatary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhipsha","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagat C.","family":"Borah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojibur R.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad MM, Rashid M (2023) Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) a unique herbaceous plant: Review of its medicinal uses. J Pharm Res Sci Technol, 7(1): 169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31531\/jprst.1000169.","DOI":"10.31531\/jprst.1000169"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2021.1895234","volume":"74","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Saeed M (2022a) Glycyrrhizin mediates downregulation of notch pathway resulting in initiation of apoptosis and disruption in the cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 74(2):622\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635581.2021.1895234","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2301_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.01.054","volume":"29","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Mishra P (2022b) Antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of Glycyrrhizin against HPV16+ Caski cervical cancer cells: A plausible association with downreguation of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes and Notch signaling pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 29(5):3264\u20133275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.01.054","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2174\/157339809788190011","volume":"5","author":"VK Ahuja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahuja VK, Gulati M, Lakhanpal S (2009) Joshanda: a traditional herbal approach for treatment of respiratory catarrh. Curr Respir Med Rev 5(2):81\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157339809788190011","journal-title":"Curr Respir Med Rev"},{"key":"2301_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbar S (2020) Glycyrrhiza glabra L.(Fabaceae\/Leguminosae) (Syns.: G. glandulifera Waldst. & Kit.; G. hirsuta Pall.; G. pallida Boiss. & Noe; G. violacea Boiss. & Noe). Handbook of 200 medicinal plants: a comprehensive review of their traditional medical uses and scientific justifications, (pp. 963\u2013980).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16807-0_103"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000535672","volume":"105","author":"V Andresen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andresen V, Shah A, Fink C et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of STW 5-II for functional dyspepsia treatment: a patient data-based meta-analysis. Digestion 105(3):166\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000535672","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14843","volume":"130","author":"TJ Ashaolu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashaolu TJ, Ashaolu JO, Adeyeye SA (2021) Fermentation of prebiotics by human colonic microbiota in vitro and short-chain fatty acids production: a critical review. J Appl Microbiol 130(3):677\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jam.14843","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR8","first-page":"451","volume":"4","author":"B Aslam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aslam B, Awan T, Javed I (2015) Gastroprotective and antioxidant potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in albino mice. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 4(2):451\u2013460","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02355","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02355-2","volume":"10","author":"H Authier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Authier H, Bardot V, Berthomier L et al (2022) Synergistic effects of licorice root and walnut leaf extracts on gastrointestinal candidiasis, inflammation and gut microbiota composition in mice. Microbiol Spectr 10(2):e02355-e2421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02355-2","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030352","volume":"10","author":"GE Batiha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Batiha GE, Beshbishy AM, El-Mleeh A et al (2020) Traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules 10(3):352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10030352","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2021.100206","volume":"2","author":"D Bisht","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RK et al (2022) Revisiting liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. Phytomed plus 2(1):100206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phyplu.2021.100206","journal-title":"Phytomed plus"},{"issue":"5","key":"2301_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(21)00431-3","volume":"7","author":"T Breugelmans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Breugelmans T, Oosterlinck B, Arras W (2022) The role of mucins in gastrointestinal barrier function during health and disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(5):455\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(21)00431-3","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2301_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183866","volume":"15","author":"G Ceccuzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ceccuzzi G, Rapino A, Perna B et al (2023) Liquorice toxicity: a comprehensive narrative review. Nutrients 15(18):3866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15183866","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9010007","volume":"9","author":"A Cerulli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cerulli A, Masullo M, Montoro P et al (2022) Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) and their constituents as active cosmeceutical ingredients. Cosmetics 9(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics9010007","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"2301_CR15","unstructured":"Chaudhry B (2019) A handbook of common medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, Kojo Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-017-8894-2","volume":"65","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen X, Fang D, Li L et al (2017) Glycyrrhizin ameliorates experimental colitis through attenuating interleukin-17-producing T cell responses via regulating antigen-presenting cells. Immunol Res 65(3):666\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-017-8894-2","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2301_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/21688370.2014.982426","volume":"3","author":"S Cornick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cornick S, Tawiah A, Chadee K (2015) Roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut. Tissue Barriers 3(1\u20132):e982426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/21688370.2014.982426","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"2301_CR18","unstructured":"Delb\u00f2 RM (2013) Assessment report on Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and\/or Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. and\/or Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., radix. EMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1334-y","volume":"35","author":"R Di Paola","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Paola R, Menegazzi M, Mazzon E et al (2009) Protective effects of glycyrrhizin in a gut hypoxia (ischemia)-reoxygenation (reperfusion) model. Intensive Care Med 35(4):687\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-008-1334-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2301_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091121","volume":"15","author":"M Elbadawi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elbadawi M, Ammar RM, Rabini S et al (2022) Modulation of intestinal corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling by the herbal preparation STW 5-II: possible mechanisms for irritable bowel syndrome management. Pharmaceuticals 15(9):1121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15091121","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"2301_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100942","volume":"48","author":"J Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan J, Yang Y, Ma C et al (2022) The effects and cell barrier mechanism of main dietary nutrients on intestinal barrier. Curr Opin Food Sci 48:100942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100942","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"key":"2301_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.681525","volume":"12","author":"Y Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng Y, Mei L, Wang M et al (2021) Anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in vitro and in vivo models of rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 12:681525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.681525","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2301_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16075720","volume":"16","author":"S Franceschelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Vinciguerra I et al (2011) Licocalchone-C extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra inhibits lipopolysaccharide-interferon-\u03b3 inflammation by improving antioxidant conditions and regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Molecules 16(7):5720\u20135734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules16075720","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-018-2852-9","volume":"28","author":"S Goorani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goorani S, Zhaleh M, Zangeneh A et al (2019) The aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra effectively prevents induced gastroduodenal ulcers: experimental study on Wistar rats. Comp Clin Pathol 28(2):339\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00580-018-2852-9","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01101-1","volume":"9","author":"DV Guzior","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guzior DV, Quinn RA (2021) Microbial transformations of human bile acids. Microbiome 9(1):140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-021-01101-1","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2301_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76155-w","author":"Y Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han Y, Sheng W, Liu X et al (2024) Glycyrrhizin ameliorates colorectal cancer progression by regulating NHEJ pathway through inhibiting HMGB1-induced DNA damage response. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-76155-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2301_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07240","author":"MK Hasan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasan MK, Ara I, Mondal MS (2021) Phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and potential health benefits of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Heliyon. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07240","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.110","volume":"2","author":"I Husain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Husain I, Bala K, Khan IA et al (2021) A review on phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, drug interactions, and associated toxicities of licorice (Glycyrrhiza sp.). Food Front 2(4):449\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fft2.110","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"key":"2301_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.612063","volume":"7","author":"D Ibrahim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ibrahim D, Sewid AH, Arisha AH (2020) Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on growth, gene expression of gut integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 7:612063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.612063","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.06.002","volume":"46","author":"RA Isbrucker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isbrucker RA, Burdock GA (2006) Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 46(3):167\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.06.002","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR31","first-page":"1163","volume":"14","author":"G Jalilzadeh-Amin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Najarnezhad V, Anassori E et al (2015) Antiulcer properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice. Iran J Pharm Res 14(4):1163","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"2301_CR32","unstructured":"JECFA (Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). 2005. Evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Technical Report Series No. 928. World Health Organization."},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02241D","volume":"11","author":"RH Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang RH, Xu JJ, Zhu DC et al (2020a) Glycyrrhizin inhibits osteoarthritis development through suppressing the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 11(3):2126\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9FO02241D","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2301_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112439","volume":"249","author":"M Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang M, Zhao S, Yang S et al (2020b) An \u201cessential herbal medicine\u201d\u2014Licorice: A review of phytochemicals and its effects in combination preparations. J Ethnopharmacol 249:112439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112439","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2301_CR35","first-page":"2470","volume":"4","author":"R Kaur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaur R, Kaur H, Dhindsa AS (2013) Glycyrrhiza glabra: a phytopharmacological review. Int J Pharm Sci Res 4(7):2470","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.6.709","volume":"30","author":"UM Kent","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF (2002) The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 30(6):709\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.30.6.709","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220857","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0857","volume":"19","author":"A Kmail","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kmail A (2024) Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds. Open Life Sci 19(1):20220857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/biol-2022-0857","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.36877\/pmmb.a0000346","volume":"6","author":"B Krupavaram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krupavaram B, Babu AK, Pillay SM et al (2023) A review of herbal treatment for functional gastrointestinal disorders and infection. Prog Microbes Mol Biol 6(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36877\/pmmb.a0000346","journal-title":"Prog Microbes Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03539.x","volume":"151","author":"HS Kwon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kwon HS, Oh SM, Kim JK (2008) Glabridin, a functional compound of liquorice, attenuates colonic inflammation in mice with dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 151(1):165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03539.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2301_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2495-7","volume":"58","author":"Y Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee Y, Jeong S, Kim W et al (2013) Glycyrrhizin enhances therapeutic activity of a colon-specific methylprednisolone prodrug against experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 58(5):1226\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-012-2495-7","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2301_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084121","volume":"23","author":"CD Leite","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leite CD, Bonaf\u00e9 GA, Carvalho Santos J et al (2022) The anti-inflammatory properties of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)-derived compounds in intestinal disorders. Int J Mol Sci 23(8):4121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23084121","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"109","key":"2301_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.034","volume":"15","author":"G Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li G, Simmler C, Chen L et al (2017) Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents. Eur J Pharm Sci 15(109):182\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.034","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/19476337.2023.2193605","volume":"21","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Sun J, Wu Y et al (2023) Enhancement of immunomodulatory effect of licorice after honey-roasting based on gut microbiota and fecal metabolomics. CYTA J Food 21(1):275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19476337.2023.2193605","journal-title":"CYTA J Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.19.2.315-337.2006","volume":"19","author":"V Li\u00e9vin-Le Moal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li\u00e9vin-Le Moal V, Servin AL (2006) The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 19(2):315\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.19.2.315-337.2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01185.x","volume":"63","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xiang J, Liu M et al (2011) Protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid by rectal treatment on a TNBS-induced rat colitis model. J Pharm Pharmacol 63(3):439\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01185.x","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.122.001050","volume":"51","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Banuvar S, Viana M et al (2023a) Pharmacokinetic interactions of a licorice dietary supplement with cytochrome P450 enzymes in female participants. Drug Metab Dispos 51(2):199\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.122.001050","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-023-00489-y","volume":"24","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Ma B, Hao G et al (2023b) Glycyrrhizin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in goat ruminal epithelial cells in vitro. BMC Mol Cell Biol 24(1):28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12860-023-00489-y","journal-title":"BMC Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2301_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106541","volume":"122","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu L, Zhao F, Han D (2024) Liquiritigenin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function, reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulating gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 122:106541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106541","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2301_CR49","unstructured":"Medsafe (2019) Liquorice\u2014all sorts of side effects and interactions. New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority"},{"key":"2301_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-43044-9.00085-6","volume":"641\u2013647","author":"MT Murray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murray MT (2020) Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice). Textb Nat Med 641\u2013647:e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-43044-9.00085-6","journal-title":"Textb Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03500-1","volume":"22","author":"SK Murugan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murugan SK, Bethapudi B, Raghunandhakumar S et al (2022) A flavonoid-rich standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra protects intestinal epithelial barrier function and regulates the tight-junction proteins expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 22(1):38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-021-03500-1","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"2301_CR120","unstructured":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (2024) LicoriceRoot: Usefulness and Safety. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/licorice-root"},{"issue":"13","key":"2301_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001018","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1001018","volume":"13","author":"Q Ni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ni Q, Gao Y, Yang X et al (2022) Analysis of the network pharmacology and the structure-activity relationship of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. Front Pharmacol 13(13):1001018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1001018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP77","DOI":"10.1177\/215658721663746","volume":"21","author":"AE Nugroho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nugroho AE, Wijayanti A, Mutmainah M et al (2016) Gastroprotective effect of combination of hot water extracts of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Pulasari Stem Bark (Alyxia reinwardtii), and Sembung Leaf (Blumea balsamifera) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model rats. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med 21(4):NP77-84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/215658721663746","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2301_CR54","first-page":"21","volume":"8","author":"NC Nyamwamu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nyamwamu NC, Okari OJ, Gisesa WNQ (2020) A survey of medicinal plants used by the Gusii community in the treatment of digestive disorders and other inflammatory conditions. J Medicin Plants Stud 8(3):21\u201333","journal-title":"J Medicin Plants Stud"},{"key":"2301_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74240-3","volume-title":"Liquorice: from botany to phytochemistry","author":"M \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR et al (2017a) Liquorice: from botany to phytochemistry. Springer International Publishing, Netherlands"},{"key":"2301_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR et al (2017b) Pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents. In: Liquorice. SpringerBriefs in Plant Science. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-74240-3_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74240-3_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-022-02081-x","volume":"86","author":"A Pant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pant A, Maiti TK, Mahajan D et al (2023) Human gut microbiota and drug metabolism. Microb Ecol 86(1):97\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-022-02081-x","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2301_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178","volume":"32","author":"G Pastorino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S et al (2018) Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 32(12):2323\u20132339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6178","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2301_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0422","volume":"24","author":"CT Peterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson CT, Sharma V, Uchitel S et al (2018) Prebiotic potential of herbal medicines used in digestive health and disease. J Altern Complement Med 24(7):656\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/acm.2017.0422","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01142.x","volume":"102","author":"AN Pilichiewicz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pilichiewicz AN, Horowitz M, Russo A et al (2007) Effects of Iberogast\u00ae on proximal gastric volume, antropyloroduodenal motility and gastric emptying in healthy men. Am J Gastroenterol 102(6):1276\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01142.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2301_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12294","volume":"28","author":"BS Ramakrishna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramakrishna BS (2013) Role of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.12294","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-020-09708-2","volume":"19","author":"A Rogowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogowska A, Szakiel A (2020) The role of sterols in plant response to abiotic stress. Phytochem Rev 19(6):1525\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11101-020-09708-2","journal-title":"Phytochem Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","volume":"57","author":"I Rowland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rowland I, Gibson G, Heinken A (2018) Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur J Nutr 57(1):1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00041.2015","volume":"31","author":"MJ Saad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saad MJ, Santos A, Prada PO (2016) Linking gut microbiota and inflammation to obesity and insulin resistance. Physiol 31(4):283\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00041.2015","journal-title":"Physiol"},{"key":"2301_CR65","unstructured":"SCF (Scientific Committee on Food). 2003. Opinion of the scientific committee on food on Glycyrrhizinic Acid and its Ammonium Salt. European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Brussels."},{"key":"2301_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.047","volume":"559","author":"OY Selyutina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Selyutina OY, Polyakov NE (2019) Glycyrrhizic acid as a multifunctional drug carrier\u2013From physicochemical properties to biomedical applications: a modern insight on the ancient drug. Int J Pharm 559:271\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.047","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2301_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27027-2_21","author":"V Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma V, Katiyar A, Agrawal RC (2017) Glycyrrhiza glabra: chemistry and pharmacological activity. Sweeteners. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-27027-2_21","journal-title":"Sweeteners"},{"key":"2301_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038902","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1038902","volume":"9","author":"P Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma P, Pathak P, Tyagi V (2022) Investigation of the potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra as a bioavailability enhancer of Vitamin B12. Front Nutr 9:1038902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1038902","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2301_CR69","first-page":"4267","volume":"7","author":"AA Shoiab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shoiab AA, Khwaldeh AS, Alsarhan AA (2023) The counter-effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra against gastrointestinal tract toxicity of indomethacin on rats. Trop J Nat Prod Res 7(10):4267\u20134272","journal-title":"Trop J Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2301_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf130","volume":"156","author":"TE Strandberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Strandberg TE, Andersson S, J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4 AL et al (2002) Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 156(9):803\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwf130","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2301_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.49","volume":"8","author":"M Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun M, He C, Cong Y et al (2015) Regulatory immune cells in regulation of intestinal inflammatory response to microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 8(5):969\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mi.2015.49","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.15159\/AR.20.019","volume":"18","author":"L Tsirulnichenko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsirulnichenko L, Kretova J (2020) Prebiotic properties of licorice root extracts. Agron Res 18(1):301\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15159\/AR.20.019","journal-title":"Agron Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3109\/00498251003748095","volume":"40","author":"JH Tu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tu JH, Hu DL, Dai LL et al (2010) Effect of glycyrrhizin on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity in healthy volunteers with different CYP2C19 genotypes. Xenobiotica 40(6):393\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00498251003748095","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"12","key":"2301_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122751","volume":"10","author":"S Wahab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wahab S, Annadurai S, Abullais SS et al (2021) Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A comprehensive review on its phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical evidence and toxicology. Plants 10(12):2751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10122751","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0212-3","volume":"38","author":"HL Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang HL, Li YX, Niu YT et al (2015) Observing anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of glycyrrhizin through regulating COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions in mice. Inflammation 38(6):2269\u20132278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-015-0212-3","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4981","volume":"13","author":"YM Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang YM, Du GQ et al (2016) Glycyrrhizic acid prevents enteritis through reduction of NF-\u03baB p65 and p38MAPK expression in rat. Mol Med Rep 13(4):3639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2016.4981","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2301_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105405","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1105405","volume":"14","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Gou X, Ding Y et al (2023) The interplay between herbal medicines and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 14:1105405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1105405","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2301_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124199","volume":"239","author":"X Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei X, Li N, Wu X et al (2023) The preventive effect of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute colitis in mice by modulating gut microbial communities. Int J Biol Macromol 239:124199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124199","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2301_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.07.009","volume":"125","author":"N Wittschier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wittschier N, Faller G, Hensel A (2009) Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from liquorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) inhibit adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric mucosa. J Ethnopharmacol 125(2):218\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2009.07.009","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2301_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00814-7","volume":"12","author":"J Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu J, Wang K, Wang X et al (2021) The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases. Protein Cell 12(5):360\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13238-020-00814-7","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"2301_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115868","volume":"169","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Y, Guo Y, Huang T (2023) Licorice flavonoid alleviates gastric ulcers by producing changes in gut microbiota and promoting mucus cell regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 169:115868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115868","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"2301_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02312E","volume":"12","author":"X Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu X, Zhang Q, Peng L et al (2024) Colon-targeted piperine\u2013glycyrrhizic acid nanocrystals for ulcerative colitis synergetic therapy via macrophage polarization. J Mater Chem B 12(6):1604\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3TB02312E","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"issue":"1","key":"2301_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2020.1718691","volume":"52","author":"Y Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Hu F, Xiang D et al (2020) The metabolic effect of gut microbiota on drugs. Drug Metab Rev 52(1):139\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03602532.2020.1718691","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"2301_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105058","volume":"92","author":"MA Yahya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yahya MA, Alshammari GM, Osman MA (2022) Isoliquiritigenin attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and through activating Nrf2. J Funct Foods 92:105058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105058","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"35","key":"2301_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016601","volume":"98","author":"JY Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon JY, Cha JM, Hong SS et al (2019) Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Glycyrrhiza glabra has a beneficial effect in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine 98(35):e16601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000016601","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"28","key":"2301_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4578","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i28.4578","volume":"12","author":"H Yuan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yuan H, Ji WS, Wu KX (2006) Anti-inflammatory effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 12(28):4578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i28.4578","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2301_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934578X2095395","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X2095395","volume":"15","author":"Y Zang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zang Y (2020) Pharmacological activities of coumarin compounds in licorice: a review. Nat Prod Commun 15(9):1934578X20953954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1934578X2095395","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"2301_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2018-0415","volume":"14","author":"M Zeeshan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeeshan M, Ali H, Khan S et al (2019) Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded pH-sensitive poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the amelioration of inflammatory bowel disease. Nanomed 14(15):1945\u20131969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nnm-2018-0415","journal-title":"Nanomed"},{"key":"2301_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719758","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.719758","volume":"12","author":"QH Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang QH, Huang HZ, Qiu M et al (2021) Traditional uses, pharmacological effects, and molecular mechanisms of licorice in potential therapy of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 12:719758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.719758","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2301_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70015","volume":"39","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yao S et al (2025) Inflammatory bowel disease induces colorectal cancer: risk factors, triggering mechanisms, and treatment with phyto-derivatives. Phytother Res 39(8):3386\u20133418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.70015","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2301_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15040716","volume":"15","author":"X Zhu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhu X, Han B, Hu A et al (2026) Licorice flavonoid extract ameliorates intestine damage in ulcerative colitis via MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling modulation and gut microbiome remodeling. Foods 15(4):716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods15040716","journal-title":"Foods"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:46:23Z","timestamp":1787924783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02301-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest in this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}