{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:09:31Z","timestamp":1788966571458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:51:22Z","timestamp":1786326682000},"page":"5933-5951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultra-deformable transethosomal vesicle for enhancing transdermal delivery of NSAIDs: a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Adnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juber","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usama","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Badruddeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Irfan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010022","volume":"15","author":"AAH Abdellatif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdellatif AAH, Aldosari BN, Al-Subaiyel A et al (2022) Transethosomal gel for the topical delivery of celecoxib: formulation and estimation of skin cancer progression. Pharmaceutics 15:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15895","volume":"23","author":"R Abu-Huwaij","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abu-Huwaij R, Zidan AN (2024) Unlocking the potential of cosmetic dermal delivery with ethosomes: a comprehensive review. J Cosmet Dermatol 23:17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.15895","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122506","volume":"631","author":"M Adnan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adnan M, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA et al (2023a) Development and optimization of transethosomal gel of apigenin for topical delivery: in-vitro, ex-vivo and cell line assessment. Int J Pharm 631:122506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122506","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1974-9078","volume":"73","author":"M Adnan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adnan M, Haider MdF, Naseem N, Haider T (2023b) Transethosomes: a promising challenge for topical delivery short title: transethosomes for topical delivery. Drug Res 73:200\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1974-9078","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"2357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17010036","volume":"17","author":"SS Agrawal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal SS, Baliga V, Londhe VY (2024) Liposomal formulations: a recent update. Pharmaceutics 17:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics17010036","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2573052","author":"KN Akanksha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akanksha KN, Ali A et al (2025) Nanotransethosomal co-drug delivery system of diclofenac sodium and rosmarinic acid against rheumatoid arthritis: design, formulation, characterisation and pre-clinical studies. J Drug Target. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1061186X.2025.2573052","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"key":"2357_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S196771","volume":"14","author":"R Albash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albash R, Abdelbary A, Refai H, El-Nabarawi M (2019) Use of transethosomes for enhancing the transdermal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomed 14:1953\u20131968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S196771","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"2357_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9050400","volume":"9","author":"MM Alfadhel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfadhel MM, Zaki RM, Aldosari BN, Sayed OM (2023) Numerical optimization of prednisolone-tacrolimus loaded ultraflexible transethosomes for transdermal delivery enhancement; Box-Behnken design, evaluation, optimization, and pharmacokinetic study. Gels 9:400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9050400","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"2357_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics7040438","volume":"7","author":"A Alkilani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alkilani A, McCrudden MT, Donnelly R (2015) Transdermal drug delivery: innovative pharmaceutical developments based on disruption of the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. Pharmaceutics 7:438\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics7040438","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02978-3","volume":"11","author":"SA Ansari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ansari SA, Qadir A, Warsi MH et al (2021) Ethosomes-based gel formulation of karanjin for treatment of acne vulgaris: in vitro investigations and preclinical assessment. 3 Biotech 11:456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-021-02978-3","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"2357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9040322","volume":"9","author":"AH Aodah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aodah AH, Hashmi S, Akhtar N et al (2023) Formulation development, optimization by Box\u2013Behnken design, and in vitro and ex vivo characterization of hexatriacontane-loaded transethosomal gel for antimicrobial treatment for skin infections. Gels 9:322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9040322","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2023v15i3.47691","volume":"15","author":"I Aprianti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aprianti I, Setiawan H (2023) Diflunisal transethosomes for transdermal delivery: formulation and characterization. Int J Appl Pharm 15(3):61\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22159\/ijap.2023v15i3.47691","journal-title":"Int J Appl Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.55.1s.33","volume":"55","author":"KJ Bajaj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bajaj KJ, Parab BS (2021) Nano-transethosomes: a novel tool for drug delivery through skin. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 55:S1\u2013S10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5530\/ijper.55.1s.33","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"2357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.6.727","volume":"3","author":"HA Benson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benson HA (2006) Transfersomes for transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 3:727\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/17425247.3.6.727","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2174\/156720109788680813","volume":"6","author":"HAE Benson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benson HAE (2017) Elastic liposomes for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 6(3):217\u2013226","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"key":"2357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-024-09864-4","volume":"19","author":"SS Bevinakoppamath","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bevinakoppamath SS, Dandagi PM, Hulyalkar S, Biradar P (2024) Formulation, evaluation and optimization of acitretin loaded transethosomes for the management of psoriasis. J Pharm Innov 19:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12247-024-09864-4","journal-title":"J Pharm Innov"},{"key":"2357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs310","volume":"131","author":"UA Boelsterli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boelsterli UA, Redinbo MR, Saitta KS (2013) Multiple NSAID-induced hits injure the small intestine: underlying mechanisms and novel strategies. Toxicol Sci 131:654\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs310","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2010.49","volume":"25","author":"R Bushra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bushra R, Aslam N (2010) An overview of clinical pharmacology of ibuprofen. Oman Med J 25:155\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5001\/omj.2010.49","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"2357_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.11.3.178","volume":"11","author":"J Campbell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Campbell J, Dunn T (1994) Evaluation of topical ibuprofen cream in the treatment of acute ankle sprains. Emerg Med J 11:178\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emj.11.3.178","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"2357_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.028","volume":"56","author":"G Cevc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cevc G (2004) Lipid vesicles and other colloids as drug carriers on the skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:675\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.028","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2357_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104595","author":"N Chauhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chauhan N, Vasava P, Khan SL et al (2022) Ethosomes: a novel drug carrier. Ann Med Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104595","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"2357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.59","author":"P Chowdary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdary P, Padmakumar A, Rengan AK (2023a) Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: a comprehensive review. MedComm Biomater Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mba2.59","journal-title":"MedComm Biomater Appl"},{"key":"2357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.59","author":"P Chowdary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdary P, Padmakumar A, Rengan AK (2023b) Exploring the potential of transethosomes in therapeutic delivery: a comprehensive review. MedComm: Biomater Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mba2.59","journal-title":"MedComm: Biomater Appl"},{"key":"2357_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105341","volume":"22","author":"M Costanzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costanzo M, Esposito E, Sguizzato M et al (2021) Formulative study and intracellular fate evaluation of ethosomes and transethosomes for vitamin D3 delivery. Int J Mol Sci 22:5341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22105341","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51065-4","volume":"9","author":"H Elsana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsana H, Olusanya TOB, Carr-wilkinson J et al (2019) Evaluation of novel cationic gene based liposomes with cyclodextrin prepared by thin film hydration and microfluidic systems. Sci Rep 9:15120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51065-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2357_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000513054","volume":"34","author":"AS \u00c9vora","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c9vora AS, Adams MJ, Johnson SA, Zhang Z (2021) Corneocytes: relationship between structural and biomechanical properties. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 34:146\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000513054","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"2357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118817","volume":"573","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda R, Lalatsa A, Statts L et al (2020) Transferosomes as nanocarriers for drugs across the skin: quality by design from lab to industrial scale. Int J Pharm 573:118817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118817","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153420","author":"U Freo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freo U, Ruocco C, Valerio A, Irene Scagnol EN (2021) Paracetamol: a review of guideline recommendations. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10153420","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123856","volume":"652","author":"SS Gaikwad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gaikwad SS, Zanje AL, Somwanshi JD (2024) Advancements in transdermal drug delivery: a comprehensive review of physical penetration enhancement techniques. Int J Pharm 652:123856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123856","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.08.001","volume":"69","author":"M Gaumet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gaumet M, Vargas A, Gurny R, Delie F (2008) Nanoparticles for drug delivery: the need for precision in reporting particle size parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 69:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.08.001","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2357_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.07.004","volume":"59","author":"B Godin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Godin B, Touitou E (2007) Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models\u2606. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1152\u20131161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2007.07.004","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2017.00541.8","volume":"10","author":"SB Gondkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gondkar SB, Patil NR, Saudagar RB (2017) Formulation development and characterization of etodolac loaded transethosomes for transdermal delivery. Res J Pharm Technol 10:3049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0974-360X.2017.00541.8","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"2357_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.06.073","volume":"280","author":"E Guimier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guimier E, Carson L, David B et al (2022) Pharmacological approaches for the prevention of breast implant capsular contracture. J Surg Res 280:129\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2022.06.073","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2357_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v12i1.5177","volume":"12","author":"V Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta V, Joshi NK (2022) Formulation, development and evaluation of ketoprofen loaded transethosomes gel. J Drug Deliv Ther 12:86\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22270\/jddt.v12i1.5177","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Ther"},{"key":"2357_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201817666200804105416","volume":"18","author":"R Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta R, Kumar A (2021) Transfersomes: the ultra-deformable carrier system for non-invasive delivery of drug. Curr Drug Deliv 18:408\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567201817666200804105416","journal-title":"Curr Drug Deliv"},{"key":"2357_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1924-7818","volume":"73","author":"P Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta P, Hafeez A, Kushwaha P (2023) Development and evaluation of topical ethosomal gel for fungal infections. Drug Res 73:46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1924-7818","journal-title":"Drug Res"},{"key":"2357_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.11411","author":"M Hajimaghsoudi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hajimaghsoudi M, Jalili M, Mokhtari M et al (2013) Naproxen twice daily versus as needed (PRN) dosing: efficacy and tolerability for treatment of acute ankle sprain, a randomized clinical trial. Asian J Sports Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.11411","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"key":"2357_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4780","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cp40134g","volume":"14","author":"A Hodzic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hodzic A, Zoumpoulakis P, Pabst G et al (2012) Losartan\u2019s affinity to fluid bilayers modulates lipid\u2013cholesterol interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:4780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c2cp40134g","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"2357_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00524","author":"S Hua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hua S (2020) Advances in oral drug delivery for regional targeting in the gastrointestinal tract: influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00524","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2357_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-025-03188-3","volume":"26","author":"A Husain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Husain A, Kushwaha P, Kapoor A, Singh P (2025) Exploring the therapeutic potential of lipid nanocarriers in psoriasis management: advances and applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 26(7):195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-025-03188-3","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"2357_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-023-02423-w","volume":"34","author":"MP Izhar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Izhar MP, Hafeez A, Kushwaha P, Simrah (2023) Drug delivery through niosomes: a comprehensive review with therapeutic applications. J Clust Sci 34:2257\u20132273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10876-023-02423-w","journal-title":"J Clust Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.6.762","volume":"47","author":"LM Jackson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jackson LM, Wu KC, Mahida YR et al (2000) Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 in normal, inflamed, and ulcerated human gastric mucosa. Gut 47:762\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.47.6.762","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2357_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030361","volume":"18","author":"S Jacob","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jacob S, Varkey NR, Nair AB (2026) Ultradeformable vesicles for wound healing: ethosomes, transferosomes, and transethosomes in topical drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 18:361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030361","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2357_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-023-00621-1","volume":"21","author":"J J\u00e4ger","year":"2024","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger J, Vahav I, Thon M et al (2024) Reconstructed human skin with hypodermis shows essential role of adipose tissue in skin metabolism. Tissue Eng Regen Med 21:499\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13770-023-00621-1","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"2357_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-021-00226-6","author":"WY Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong WY, Kwon M, Choi HE, Kim KS (2021) Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review. Biomater Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40824-021-00226-6","journal-title":"Biomater Res"},{"key":"2357_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2023.2289127","volume":"28","author":"R Joga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joga R, Kannan B, Yerram S et al (2023) Transethosome as a versatile nano vehicle for various indications and its regulatory insights. Pharm Dev Technol 28:1056\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10837450.2023.2289127","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"key":"2357_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106119","volume":"171","author":"MF Kabil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kabil MF, Nasr M, Ibrahim IT et al (2022) New repurposed rolapitant in nanovesicular systems for lung cancer treatment: development, in-vitro assessment and in-vivo biodistribution study. Eur J Pharm Sci 171:106119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106119","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-025-01802-z","volume":"15","author":"S Kamble","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamble S, Bangale G, Deshmukh R et al (2025) Development and optimization of nimesulide loaded transethosomal gel. Bionanoscience 15:223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12668-025-01802-z","journal-title":"Bionanoscience"},{"key":"2357_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000441539","volume":"49","author":"S Kezic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kezic S, Jakasa I (2016) Filaggrin and skin barrier function. Skin Barrier Funct 49:1\u20137","journal-title":"Skin Barrier Funct"},{"key":"2357_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.220428","author":"H Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid H, Batool S, ud Din F et al (2022) Macrophage targeting of nitazoxanide-loaded transethosomal gel in cutaneous leishmaniasis. R Soc Open Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.220428","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.01.010","volume":"111","author":"AU Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan AU, Jamshaid H, ud Din F et al (2022) Designing, optimization and characterization of trifluralin transfersomal gel to passively target cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Pharm Sci 111:1798\u20131811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.01.010","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.507","volume":"133","author":"N Kirschner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirschner N, Rosenthal R, Furuse M et al (2013) Contribution of tight junction proteins to ion, macromolecule, and water barrier in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 133:1161\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2012.507","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2357_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041194","volume":"21","author":"A-Y Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee A-Y (2020) Molecular mechanism of epidermal barrier dysfunction as primary abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 21:1194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21041194","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70312","author":"SY Lee","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lee SY, Jeon S, Park KY, Hong JY (2026) Human-relevant in vitro skin models: from regulatory-validated platforms to emerging technologies for translational dermatology. Exp Dermatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.70312","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2357_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111676","volume":"22","author":"A Lef\u00e8vre-Utile","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre-Utile A, Braun C, Haftek M, Aubin F (2021) Five functional aspects of the epidermal barrier. Int J Mol Sci 22:11676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222111676","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2025.02.001","volume":"114","author":"PM Lestari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lestari PM, Harahap Y, Louisa M, Surini S (2025) Development of transethosomes patch for delivery atorvastatin calcium transdermally: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Pharm Sci 114:103695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2025.02.001","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2014.09.004","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li J, Wang X, Zhang T et al (2015) A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharm Sci 10:81\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajps.2014.09.004","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020484","volume":"15","author":"J Lou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lou J, Duan H, Qin Q et al (2023) Advances in oral drug delivery systems: challenges and opportunities. Pharmaceutics 15:484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020484","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2357_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.783831","author":"H Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu H, Zhang S, Wang J, Chen Q (2021) A review on polymer and lipid-based nanocarriers and its application to nano-pharmaceutical and food-based systems. Front Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.783831","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2357_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2024.2375193","volume":"19","author":"SD Malang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malang SD, Shambhavi, Sahu AN (2024) Transethosomal gel for enhancing transdermal delivery of natural therapeutics. Nanomedicine 19:1801\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435889.2024.2375193","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2357_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140459","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0459","volume":"11","author":"N Monteiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monteiro N, Martins A, Reis RL, Neves NM (2014) Liposomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J R Soc Interface 11:20140459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2014.0459","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"2357_CR62","unstructured":"Nabamita Sen FK, Raju MG, Sree MR, et al (2025) Formulation and development of naproxen transethosomal gel for its in-vitro antiinflammatory activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Res (IJPPR)"},{"key":"2357_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.01.029","volume":"296","author":"RL Nagula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagula RL, Wairkar S (2019) Recent advances in topical delivery of flavonoids: a review. J Control Release 296:190\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.01.029","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2357_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25132959","volume":"25","author":"H Natsheh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Natsheh H, Touitou E (2020) Phospholipid vesicles for dermal\/transdermal and nasal administration of active molecules: the effect of surfactants and alcohols on the fluidity of their lipid bilayers and penetration enhancement properties. Molecules 25:2959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25132959","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2357_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01681-5","volume":"21","author":"D Nayak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nayak D, Tawale RM, Aranjani JM, Tippavajhala VK (2020) Formulation, optimization and evaluation of novel ultra-deformable vesicular drug delivery system for an anti-fungal drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 21:140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-020-01681-5","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"2357_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14254","volume":"102","author":"BS Nayak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nayak BS, Mohanty B, Mishra B et al (2023) Transethosomes: cutting edge approach for drug permeation enhancement in transdermal drug delivery system. Chem Biol Drug des 102:653\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cbdd.14254","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug des"},{"key":"2357_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2023.2226216","volume":"34","author":"H Nsairat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nsairat H, Ibrahim AA, Jaber AM et al (2024) Liposome bilayer stability: emphasis on cholesterol and its alternatives. J Liposome Res 34:178\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08982104.2023.2226216","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"key":"2357_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.54.4.189","volume":"54","author":"A Panchaxari Gadad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Panchaxari Gadad A, Patil AS, Singh Y et al (2020) Development and evaluation of flurbiprofen loaded transethosomes to improve transdermal delivery. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 54:954\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5530\/ijper.54.4.189","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"2357_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-025-00232-w","volume":"2","author":"P Patra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patra P (2025) Cutting-edge advances in transethosomes and nanoethosomes for transdermal drug delivery. Discov Chem 2:148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44371-025-00232-w","journal-title":"Discov Chem"},{"key":"2357_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.037","volume":"547","author":"S Peretz Damari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peretz Damari S, Shamrakov D, Varenik M et al (2018) Practical aspects in size and morphology characterization of drug-loaded nano-liposomes. Int J Pharm 547:648\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.037","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.025","volume":"351","author":"V Phatale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Phatale V, Vaiphei KK, Jha S et al (2022) Overcoming skin barriers through advanced transdermal drug delivery approaches. J Control Release 351:361\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2357_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-00909-6","volume":"12","author":"D Ramadon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramadon D, McCrudden MTC, Courtenay AJ, Donnelly RF (2022) Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 12:758\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-021-00909-6","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"2357_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.10.046","volume":"535","author":"M Sala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sala M, Diab R, Elaissari A, Fessi H (2018) Lipid nanocarriers as skin drug delivery systems: properties, mechanisms of skin interactions and medical applications. Int J Pharm 535:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.10.046","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2357_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2018.1524483","volume":"29","author":"HF Salem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salem HF, Kharshoum RM, Abou-Taleb HA et al (2019) Progesterone-loaded nanosized transethosomes for vaginal permeation enhancement: formulation, statistical optimization, and clinical evaluation in anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. J Liposome Res 29:183\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08982104.2018.1524483","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"key":"2357_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-03035-x","volume":"26","author":"R Seenivasan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seenivasan R, Halagali P, Nayak D, Tippavajhala VK (2025) Transethosomes: a comprehensive review of ultra-deformable vesicular systems for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 26:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-024-03035-x","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"2357_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.07.002","volume":"154\u2013155","author":"S Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah S, Dhawan V, Holm R et al (2020) Liposomes: advancements and innovation in the manufacturing process. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 154\u2013155:102\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2020.07.002","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2357_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.30827\/ars.v60i4.8517","volume":"60","author":"N Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh N, Kushwaha P, Ahmad U, Abdullah M (2019) Proliposomes: an approach for the development of stable liposome. Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet) 60:231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30827\/ars.v60i4.8517","journal-title":"Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)"},{"key":"2357_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189743","volume":"22","author":"EB Souto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Souto EB, Macedo AS, Dias-Ferreira J et al (2021) Elastic and ultradeformable liposomes for transdermal delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Int J Mol Sci 22:9743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22189743","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126547","volume":"22","author":"L \u0160turm","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u0160turm L, Poklar Ulrih N (2021) Basic methods for preparation of liposomes and studying their interactions with different compounds, with the emphasis on polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 22:6547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22126547","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2357_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185510","volume":"26","author":"P Subramanian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subramanian P (2021) Lipid-based nanocarrier system for the effective delivery of nutraceuticals. Molecules 26:5510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26185510","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2357_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14080726","volume":"14","author":"L Talarico","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talarico L, Clemente I, Gennari A et al (2024) physiochemical characterization of lipidic nanoformulations encapsulating the antifungal drug natamycin. Nanomaterials 14:726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano14080726","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2357_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.03.003","volume":"300","author":"V Van Tran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Tran V, Moon J-Y, Lee Y-C (2019) Liposomes for delivery of antioxidants in cosmeceuticals: challenges and development strategies. J Control Release 300:114\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.03.003","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2357_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2024.018","author":"RS Vaseem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vaseem RS, D\u2019cruz A, Shetty S et al (2023) Transdermal drug delivery systems: a focused review of the physical methods of permeation enhancement. Adv Pharm Bull. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/apb.2024.018","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"2357_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202312838","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Tham PH, Ding C et al (2024) Transethosome-based topical administration systems with enhanced penetration and dual actions for treating EGFR-overexpressed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Funct Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202312838","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"2357_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1646265","volume":"47","author":"F Zare Kazemabadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zare Kazemabadi F, Heydarinasab A, Akbarzadeh A, Ardjmand M (2019) Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of PEGylated nanoliposomal containing etoposide on lung cancer. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 47:3222\u20133230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21691401.2019.1646265","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:14:15Z","timestamp":1788963255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02357-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All the authors declare they have no conflict of interest related to this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}