{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:11:19Z","timestamp":1793139079214,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":243,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sinai University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s (AD) and Parkinson\u2019s (PD) have traditionally been examined from the perspectives of neurons or microglia, resulting in constrained therapeutic achievements. Recent findings endorse a cohesive neuroimmune framework in which central nervous system (CNS)-resident microglia, border-associated macrophages, clonally proliferated CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and peripheral signaling centers (IL-20 family, gut-brain axis) perpetuate chronic maladaptive inflammation via feed-forward mechanisms. This review critically examines investigational immunotherapies aimed at this network: the CNS\u2011penetrant NLRP3 inhibitor NT-0796 (Phase 1b\/2a) demonstrated preliminary biomarker reductions in axonal damage and T-cell activation in PD but remains unapproved and necessitates further confirmatory trials; the anti\u2011SIGLEC10 antibody ONC-841 improved microglial phagocytosis of A\u03b2 and tau in preclinical studies but has yet to commence human trials; and CAR\u2011based platforms (CAR-T\/NK) remain in the nascent preclinical phase, facing significant delivery and toxicity challenges. A three-part biomarker framework, encompassing target engagement (CSF IL-1\u03b2, caspase-1), pharmacodynamic responses (neurofilament light chain, ASC specks), and predictive endotyping (T-cell clonality, complement profiles), is proposed to facilitate patient stratification by neuroimmune endotype. None of these agents have received regulatory approval for neurodegenerative conditions; all findings are preliminary. Effective immunotherapy may ultimately necessitate multi-node, network-aware combinations (e.g., inflammasome inhibition coupled with Treg augmentation) rather than single-target suppression. Embracing this complexity offers a roadmap for future disease-modifying therapies, though rigorous clinical validation remains essential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:07:17Z","timestamp":1787285237000},"page":"5975-6001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The neuroimmune network in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases: from mechanistic insights to biomarker-guided immunotherapies and clinical translation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3025-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed N.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12815","volume":"117","author":"S Adamczak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamczak S, Dale G, de Rivero VJP, Bullock MR, Dietrich WD, Keane RW (2012) Inflammasome proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of brain-injured patients as biomarkers of functional outcome. J Neurosurg 117(6):1119\u20132112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12815","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2363_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91579","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Assaf M, Thomas B, Ibrahim H, Muppuri G, Chand P, Mercy A, Kumar M, Kumar R, Khan A (2025) Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their role in metabolic disorders: a systematic review. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.91579","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2363_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2025.199","volume":"34","author":"YM Ahn","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ahn YM, Shin M-K (2026) Adaptive immunity and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: dual roles in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection with therapeutic implications. Biomol. Ther. (Seoul) 34:124\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2025.199","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther. (Seoul)"},{"key":"2363_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03833-1","volume":"31","author":"M Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali M, Erabadda B, Chen Y, Xu Y, Gong K, Liu M, Pichet Binette A, Timsina J, Western D, Yang C, Heo G, Vogel JW, Tijms BM, Krish V, Imam F, Hansson O, Winchester L, Cruchaga C (2025) Shared and disease-specific pathways in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Nat Med 31:2567\u20132577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03833-1","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2363_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15090437","volume":"15","author":"AE Alkhalifa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alkhalifa AE, Al Mokhlf A, Ali H, Al-Ghraiybah NF, Syropoulou V (2025) Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: evidence, ARIA risk, and precision patient selection. J Pers Med 15:437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15090437","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2363_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177510","volume":"998","author":"SM Alqahtani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alqahtani SM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Fawzy MN, Papadakis M, Al-Botaty BM, Alruwaili M, Batiha G-S (2025) The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the molecular effects. Eur J Pharmacol 998:177510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177510","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110555","volume":"278","author":"SM Alshahrani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alshahrani SM, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Fawzy MN, Kadasah SF, Alruwaili M, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, El-Saber Batiha G (2025) Berberine\u2019s paradox in neurodegeneration: therapeutic promise and safety challenges in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropharmacology 278:110555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110555","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2363_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177979","volume":"1003","author":"GH Alshehri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alshehri GH, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Fawzy MN, Waheed HJ, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, El-Saber Batiha G (2025) A novel therapeutic prospect: a dual-acting tirzepatide for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 1003:177979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177979","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add4897","author":"JY Altarejos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Altarejos JY, Pangilinan J, Podgrabinska S, Akinci B, Foss-Freitas M, Neidert AH, Olenchock BA (2023) Preclinical, randomized phase 1, and compassionate use evaluation of REGN4461, a leptin receptor agonist antibody for leptin deficiency. Sci Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.add4897","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2363_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081737","volume":"12","author":"B Ana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ana B (2024) Aged-related changes in microglia and neurodegenerative diseases: exploring the connection. Biomedicines 12:1737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12081737","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2363_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01563-9","volume":"8","author":"B Askin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Askin B, Wegmann S (2023) Interaction of microglia and T cells: a deadly duo behind Tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01563-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s44400-025-00011-5","volume":"1","author":"A Auger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Auger A, Faidi R, Rickman AD, Martinez CP, Fajfer A, Carling J, Hilyard A, Ali M, Ono R, Cleveland C, Seliniotakis R, Truong N, Chefson A, Raymond M, Germain M-A, Crackower MA, Heckmann BL (2025) Post-symptomatic NLRP3 inhibition rescues cognitive impairment and mitigates amyloid and tau driven neurodegeneration. NPJ Dementia 1:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44400-025-00011-5","journal-title":"NPJ Dementia"},{"key":"2363_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75204-8","volume":"14","author":"KI Avgerinos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Avgerinos KI, Manolopoulos A, Ferrucci L, Kapogiannis D (2024) Critical assessment of anti-amyloid-\u03b2 monoclonal antibodies effects in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis highlighting target engagement and clinical meaningfulness. Sci Rep 14:25741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-75204-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2021.54.4.205","volume":"54","author":"M Ayub","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayub M, Jin HK, Bae J (2021) The blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier orchestrates immunosurveillance, immunoprotection, and immunopathology in the central nervous system. BMB Rep 54:196\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2021.54.4.205","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-021-00014-4","volume":"1","author":"G Barisano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barisano G, Montagne A, Kisler K, Schneider JA, Wardlaw JM, Zlokovic BV (2022) Blood\u2013brain barrier link to human cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Cardiovasc Res 1:108\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44161-021-00014-4","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2363_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124176","volume":"386","author":"R Basri","year":"2026","unstructured":"Basri R, Al-kuraishy HM, Fawzy MN, Alruwaili M, Batiha GE-S (2026) PACAP: a promising disease-modifying target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Life Sci 386:124176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124176","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Bergman, A. Dring, H. Zetterberg, K. Blennow, N. Norgren, J. Gilthorpe, T. Bergenheim, A. Svenningsson, Neurofilament light in CSF and serum is a sensitive marker for axonal white matter injury in MS, Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 3 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000271","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000271"},{"key":"2363_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biswal, S, Borgonovo JE, Freites CL, Mart\u00ednez-Cerde\u00f1o V, Mishra R, Maurya SK, & Mu\u00f1oz EM (2025) Community series in trends in neuroimmunology: cross-talk between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in both health and disease, volume II. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1644278","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1644278"},{"key":"2363_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415638","volume":"23","author":"J Bogacka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogacka J, Pawlik K, Ciapa\u0142a K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J (2022) CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) as a possible new target for therapy. Int J Mol Sci 23:15638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415638","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2530977123","author":"P Boskovic","year":"2026","unstructured":"Boskovic P, Shalita R, Gao W, Vernon H, Deng YL, Colonna M, Majzner RG, Amit I, Kipnis J (2026) Engineering chimeric antigen receptor CD4 T cells for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2530977123","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2363_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2025.04.007","volume":"46","author":"JE Cabral","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cabral JE, Wu A, Zhou H, Pham MA, Lin S, McNulty R (2025) Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for inflammatory disease therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 46:503\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2025.04.007","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-022-00955-3","volume":"44","author":"S Carloni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carloni S, Rescigno M (2022) Unveiling the gut-brain axis: structural and functional analogies between the gut and the choroid plexus vascular and immune barriers. Semin Immunopathol 44:869\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-022-00955-3","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2363_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castellani, G., Croese, T., Peralta Ramos, J. M., & Schwartz, M. (2023). Transforming the understanding of brain immunity. Science, 380(6640), eabo7649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abo7649.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo7649"},{"key":"2363_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100544","volume":"13","author":"AC Cetindag","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kruse N, Wiltfang J, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Miklitz C, Maier F, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, St\u00f6cklein S, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B-S, Kurz C, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Sodenkamp S, Najafpour E, Wagner M, Roeske S, Frommann I, Stark M, Brosseron F, Ramirez A, Kleineidam L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Gemenetzi M, Altenstein S, D\u00fczel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Bauer C, Jessen F, Peters O (2026) Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associated with increased risk of clinical progression in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 13:100544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjpad.2026.100544","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02122","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Hu Y, Cao Z, Liu Q, Cheng Y (2018) Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokine aberrations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease Parkinson\u2019s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02122","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101133","volume":"22","author":"S Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen S, Chen S-T, Sun Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Yao S-Y, Yao W-B, Gao X-D (2019) Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates neurodegeneration in rat and cellular models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Redox Biol 22:101133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101133","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2363_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","volume":"615","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Firulyova M, Manis M, Herz J, Smirnov I, Aladyeva E, Wang C, Bao X, Finn MB, Hu H, Shchukina I, Kim MW, Yuede CM, Kipnis J, Artyomov MN, Ulrich JD, Holtzman DM (2023) Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy. Nature 615:668\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2024.104810","volume":"397\u2013398","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Wei M, Tian T, Zhu D, Guan Y, Wei W, Ma Y (2024) The research progression of direct NLRP3 inhibitors to treat inflammatory disorders. Cell Immunol 397\u2013398:104810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2024.104810","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003426","volume":"23","author":"Y-H Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng Y-H, Ho MS (2025) Disease-associated microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: friend or foe? PLoS Biol 23:e3003426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003426","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2363_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002393","volume":"7","author":"G Chevalier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chevalier G, Suberbielle E, Monnet C, Duplan V, Martin-Blondel G, Farrugia F, Le Masson G, Liblau R, Gonzalez-Dunia D (2011) Neurons are MHC class I-dependent targets for CD8 T cells upon neurotropic viral infection. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002393","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2363_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70042","author":"YL Chiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chiu YL, Yan SH, Fan YT, Chang CF, Hung RW, Liu YC, Chuang YF (2025) A\u03b2-reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dad2.70042","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement Diagn Assess Dis Monit."},{"key":"2363_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118227","volume":"301","author":"H Chu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chu H, Wei Y, Zhao H, Ye F, Qian X, Su H, Sun Y, Zhang J, Jia Z, Li Z, Liang X (2026) Discovery of novel and potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors with new lipophilic moieties. Eur J Med Chem 301:118227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118227","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"2363_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30307","volume":"40","author":"N Clarke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Clarke N, Thornton P, Reader V, Lindsay N, Digby Z, Mullen B, Gorman M, Jacobson E, Langdon G, Johnstone H, Wheeler A, Watt AP (2025) Anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor NT-0796 in subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 40:2199\u20132208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.30307","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2363_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162788","author":"BDS Clarkson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clarkson BDS, Grund EM, Standiford MM, Mirchia K, Westphal MS, Muschler LS, Howe CL (2023) CD8+ T cells recognizing a neuron-restricted antigen injure axons in a model of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI162788","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"2363_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71104","volume":"22","author":"WB Clayton","year":"2026","unstructured":"Clayton WB, Kulas JA, Liu J, Walia N, Rangel-Barajas C, Johnson T, Richardson TI (2026) Evaluation of ASC as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement 22(1):e71104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.71104","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59826","author":"AV Colombo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colombo AV, Sadler RK, Llovera G, Singh V, Roth S, Heindl S, Sebastian Monasor L, Verhoeven A, Peters F, Parhizkar S, Kamp F, Gomez de Aguero M, MacPherson AJ, Winkler E, Herms J, Benakis C, Dichgans M, Steiner H, Giera M, Haass C, Tahirovic S, Liesz A (2021) Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote A\u03b2 plaque deposition. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.59826","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2363_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000171","volume":"73","author":"SE Corcoran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corcoran SE, Halai R, Cooper MA (2021) Pharmacological inhibition of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome with MCC950. Pharmacol Rev 73:968\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000171","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2363_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","volume":"99","author":"JF Cryan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cryan JF, O\u2019Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O\u2019Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG (2019) The microbiota-gut-brain axis. Physiol Rev 99:1877\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2363_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-240145","volume":"98","author":"J Cummings","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummings J (2024) \u201cLandscape of phase 2 trials in Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u201d: perspective on adaptive trials. J Alzheimers Dis 98:859\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-240145","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.03.007","volume":"45","author":"S Da Mesquita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Da Mesquita S, Rua R (2024) Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease? Trends Immunol 45:346\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2024.03.007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71097","author":"C Dallaire\u2010Th\u00e9roux","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dallaire\u2010Th\u00e9roux C, Denis HL, Cottez R, Tremblay C, Provencher A, Valentin\u2010Escalera J, Leclerc M, Loiselle A, Tournissac M, Potvin O, Belleville S, Gangloff A, Picard F, Zetterberg H, Calon F (2026) Distinct alterations of adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF\u201021), and insulin\u2010like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP\u20102) link dysmetabolism with cognitive decline across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.71097","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683687","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.683687","volume":"15","author":"JR Dayton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dayton JR, Yuan Y, Pacumio LP, Dorflinger BG, Yoo SC, Olson MJ, Cruz-Orengo L (2021) Expression of IL-20 Receptor Subunit \u03b2 Is Linked to EAE Neuropathology and CNS Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 15:683687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.683687","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70361","author":"L de S. Hayashide","year":"2026","unstructured":"de S. Hayashide L, Pessoa B, Dias G, Pontes B, Pinto RS, Diniz LP (2026) From neuron\u2010centric to glia\u2010centric: how aging glial networks drive neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.70361","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2363_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03627-8","volume":"64","author":"MC Dessing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dessing MC, van den Broek TJ, Hoevenaars FPM, van den Brink WJ, Rundle M, Frost G, Afman L, Wopereis S (2025) Multi-study feasibility analysis on a composite biomarker of inflammatory resilience to quantify the effects of energy restriction on low-grade inflammation in overweight and obese individuals. Eur J Nutr 64:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03627-8","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2363_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00874","author":"R Dhanwani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhanwani R, Pham J, Premlal ALR, Frazier A, Kumar A, Pero ME, Lindestam Arlehamn CS (2020) T cell responses to neural autoantigens are similar in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients and age-matched healthy controls. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00874","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.002","author":"AA Di Pietro","year":"2026","unstructured":"Di Pietro AA, Powley S, Perciballi E, Stewart M, Therrien M, Scott-Hewitt N (2026) Microglia in systemic neuroimmune communication: functions beyond phagocytosis. Trends Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2025.12.002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116455","volume":"227","author":"JR Doedens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doedens JR, Diamond C, Harrison D, Bock MG, Clarke N, Watt AP, Gabel CA (2024) The ester-containing prodrug NT-0796 enhances delivery of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor NDT-19795 to monocytic cells expressing carboxylesterase-1. Biochem Pharmacol 227:116455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116455","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02443-9","volume":"19","author":"M-H Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong M-H, Zhou L-Q, Tang Y, Chen M, Xiao J, Shang K, Deng G, Qin C, Tian D-S (2022) CSF sTREM2 in neurological diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Neuroinflammation 19:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02443-9","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2363_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02461","author":"MR Dowling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dowling MR, Kan A, Heinzel S, Marchingo JM, Hodgkin PD, Hawkins ED (2018) Regulatory T cells suppress effector T cell proliferation by limiting division destiny. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02461","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00828-x","volume":"20","author":"MR Duggan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duggan MR, Morgan DG, Price BR, Rajbanshi B, Martin-Pe\u00f1a A, Tansey MG, Walker KA (2025) Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 20:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00828-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03101-8","volume":"30","author":"P Eijsvogel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eijsvogel P, Misra P, Concha-Marambio L, Boyd JD, Ding S, Fedor L, Hsieh Y-T, Sun YS, Vroom MM, Farris CM, Ma Y, de Kam ML, Radanovic I, Vissers MFJM, Mirski D, Shareghi G, Shahnawaz M, Singer W, Kremer P, Groeneveld GJ, Yu HJ, Dodart J-C (2024) Target engagement and immunogenicity of an active immunotherapeutic targeting pathological \u03b1-synuclein: a phase 1 placebo-controlled trial. Nat Med 30:2631\u20132640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03101-8","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2363_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109711","volume":"115","author":"RM El-Sayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Sayed RM, Fawzy MN, Zaki HF, Abd El-Haleim EA (2023) Neuroprotection impact of biochanin A against pentylenetetrazol-kindled mice: targeting NLRP3 inflammasome\/TXNIP pathway and autophagy modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 115:109711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109711","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1627405","author":"B Evertsson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Evertsson B, Remahl IN, Hietala MA, Finn A (2025) Glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid in humans is sensitive to various pre-analytical conditions: possible explanation and solution. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1627405","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2363_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012308","author":"M Ewers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ewers M, Biechele G, Su\u00e1rez-Calvet M, Sacher C, Blume T, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Deming Y, Piccio L, Cruchaga C, Kleinberger G, Shaw L, Trojanowski JQ, Herms J, Dichgans M, Brendel M, Haass C, Franzmeier N (2020) Higher CSF sTREM2 and microglia activation are associated with slower rates of beta-amyloid accumulation. EMBO Mol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202012308","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2363_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70067","author":"PPM Faas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Faas PPM, Scharmann SD, Pishesha N (2025a) Antigen-specific tolerance: clinical and preclinical approaches in autoimmunity. Eur J Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.70067","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70067","author":"PPM Faas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Faas PPM, Scharmann SD, Pishesha N (2025b) Antigen\u2010specific tolerance: clinical and preclinical approaches in autoimmunity. Eur J Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.70067","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00387-5","volume":"12","author":"A Faridar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Faridar A, Eid AM, Thome AD, Zhao W, Beers DR, Pascual MB, Nakawah MO, Roman GC, Davis CS, Grundman M, Masdeu JC, Appel SH (2023) A phase 1 open-label pilot study of low-dose interleukine-2 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl. Neurodegener. 12:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00387-5","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"2363_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01791-x","volume":"17","author":"A Faridar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Faridar A, Gamez N, Li D, Wang Y, Boradia R, Thome AD, Zhao W, Beers DR, Thonhoff JR, Nakawah MO, Rom\u00e1n GC, Volpi JJ, Toledo JB, George M, Davis CS, Pascual B, Grundman M, Masdeu JC, Appel SH (2025) Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a randomized clinical trial. Alzheimers Res Ther 17:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01791-x","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-026-02490-4","author":"MN Fawzy","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fawzy MN, Fathy MK (2026) Targeting the gut-brain-ferroptosis axis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-026-02490-4","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123488","volume":"366\u2013367","author":"MN Fawzy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fawzy MN, Abd El-Haleim EA, Zaki HF, Salem HA, El-Sayed RM (2025) Mitigating seizure-induced cognitive deficits in mice induced with pentylenetetrazol by roflumilast through targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome\/BDNF\/SIRT3 pathway and regulating ferroptosis. Life Sci 366\u2013367:123488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.123488","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110704","author":"MN Fawzy","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fawzy MN, Badawi GA, El-Sayed RM (2026) Immune dysregulation in fibromyalgia: targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome-ferroptosis axis as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic pain. Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2026.110704","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109651","volume":"27","author":"AR Fetsko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fetsko AR, Sebo DJ, Budzynski LB, Scharbarth A, Taylor MR (2024) IL-1\u03b2 disrupts the initiation of blood-brain barrier development by inhibiting endothelial Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. iScience 27:109651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109651","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2363_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-026-00358-6","author":"R Fieldhouse","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fieldhouse R (2026) Innovative CAR-T therapy destroys cancer cells without dangerous side effects. Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-026-00358-6","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araujo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, & Maria Barbalho S (2024) Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front. Immunol. 14, 1305933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305933","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305933"},{"key":"2363_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1508023","author":"J Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu J, Wang R, He J, Liu X, Wang X, Yao J, Liu Y, Ran C, Ye Q, He Y (2025) Pathogenesis and therapeutic applications of microglia receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1508023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa269","volume":"143","author":"J Galiano-Landeira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galiano-Landeira J, Torra A, Vila M, Bov\u00e9 J (2020) CD8 T cell nigral infiltration precedes synucleinopathy in early stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 143:3717\u20133733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa269","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2363_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","volume":"8","author":"C Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S (2023) Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01588-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1698442","author":"JE Garcia-Robledo","year":"2026","unstructured":"Garcia-Robledo JE, Cabrera-Salcedo S, Brandauer AM, Romano F, Rengifo-Martinez J, Toro-Pedroza A, Victoria JS, Rios-Serna LJ, Loukanov A, Cardona AF, Genovese P, Baena JC (2026) Engineering the next generation of CAR T- cells: precision modifications, logic gates and universal strategies to overcome exhaustion and tumor resistance. Front Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1698442","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2363_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216537","volume":"13","author":"P Garg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garg P, Pareek S, Kulkarni P, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS (2024) Next-generation immunotherapy: advancing clinical applications in cancer treatment. J Clin Med 13:6537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13216537","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2363_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00303","author":"F Garretti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garretti F, Agalliu D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Sulzer D (2019) Autoimmunity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of \u03b1-synuclein-specific T cells. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00303","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7790","key":"2363_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","volume":"577","author":"D Gate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gate D, Saligrama N, Leventhal O, Yang AC, Unger MS, Middeldorp J, Wyss-Coray T (2020a) Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 577(7790):399\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","volume":"577","author":"D Gate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gate D, Saligrama N, Leventhal O, Yang AC, Unger MS, Middeldorp J, Chen K, Lehallier B, Channappa D, De Los Santos MB, McBride A, Pluvinage J, Elahi F, Tam GK-Y, Kim Y, Greicius M, Wagner AD, Aigner L, Galasko DR, Davis MM, Wyss-Coray T (2020b) Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 577:399\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giannoni P, Claeysen S, Noe F, Marchi N, Peripheral routes to neurodegeneration: passing through the blood\u2013brain barrier. Front. Aging Neurosci. 12 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00003","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00003"},{"key":"2363_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.726421","author":"EN Goddery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goddery EN, Fain CE, Lipovsky CG, Ayasoufi K, Yokanovich LT, Malo CS, Khadka RH, Tritz ZP, Jin F, Hansen MJ, Johnson AJ (2021) Microglia and perivascular macrophages act as antigen presenting cells to promote CD8 T cell infiltration of the brain. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.726421","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114399","volume":"152","author":"P Goleij","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goleij P, Amini A, Tabari MAK, Hadipour M, Rezaee A, Daglia M, Aschner M, Sanaye PM, Kumar AP, Khan H (2025) Unraveling the role of the IL-20 cytokine family in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic insights. Int Immunopharmacol 152:114399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114399","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01416-6","volume":"10","author":"A Gomez-Arboledas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez-Arboledas A, Carvalho K, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Chu S-H, Liang HY, Schartz ND, Selvan P, Petrisko TJ, Pan MA, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ (2022) C5aR1 antagonism alters microglial polarization and mitigates disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 10:116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-022-01416-6","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.803186","author":"Z Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Jing L, Duan R, Yao Y, Teng J, Jia Y (2022) NLRP3 in the cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.803186","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2363_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134703","volume":"10","author":"AB Gottlieb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gottlieb AB, Krueger JG, Sandberg Lundblad M, G\u00f6thberg M, Skolnick BE (2015) First-in-human, phase 1, randomized, dose-escalation trial with recombinant anti\u2013IL-20 monoclonal antibody in patients with psoriasis. PLoS ONE 10:e0134703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0134703","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2363_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01955-w","volume":"28","author":"J Groh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Groh J, Feng R, Yuan X, Liu L, Klein D, Hutahaean G, Butz E, Wang Z, Steinbrecher L, Neher J, Martini R, Simons M (2025) Microglia activation orchestrates CXCL10-mediated CD8+ T cell recruitment to promote aging-related white matter degeneration. Nat Neurosci 28:1160\u20131173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-025-01955-w","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577147","volume":"340","author":"I H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson I, Ernerudh J, Vrethem M, Dahle C, Ekdahl KN (2020) Complement activation in cerebrospinal fluid in clinically isolated syndrome and early stages of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 340:577147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577147","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2363_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.016","volume":"50","author":"TR Hammond","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammond TR, Marsh SE, Stevens B (2019) Immune signaling in neurodegeneration. Immunity 50:955\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2363_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac105","volume":"211","author":"F Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris F, Berdugo YA, Tree T (2023) IL-2-based approaches to Treg enhancement. Clin Exp Immunol 211:149\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxac105","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01775-x","volume":"17","author":"GA Harris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harris GA, Hirschfeld LR, Gonzalez MI, Pritchard MC, May PC (2025) Revisiting the therapeutic landscape of tauopathies: assessing the current pipeline and clinical trials. Alzheimers Res Ther 17:129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01775-x","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01398","volume":"66","author":"D Harrison","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harrison D, Billinton A, Bock MG, Doedens JR, Gabel CA, Holloway MK, Porter RA, Reader V, Scanlon J, Schooley K, Watt AP (2023) Discovery of clinical candidate NT-0796, a brain-penetrant and highly potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor for neuroinflammatory disorders. J Med Chem 66:14897\u201314911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01398","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2363_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15111629","volume":"15","author":"H Hassan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hassan H, Rawlinson C, Lan Y-L, Jenkins S, Chen R (2025) Microglia-mediated phagocytosis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanisms, heterogeneity, and therapeutic insights. Biomolecules 15:1629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15111629","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2363_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02412-3","volume":"27","author":"F Hayashi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hayashi F, Mittl K, Dandekar R, Gerdts J, Hassan E, Schubert RD, Oshiro L, Loudermilk R, Greenfield A, Augusto DG, Havton G, Anumarlu S, Surapaneni A, Ramesh A, Tran E, Koshal K, Kizer K, Dreux J, Cagalingan AK, Schustek F, Flood L, Moore T, Kirkemo LL, Fisher IJ, Cooper T, Harms M, Gomez R, Abdelhak A, Baranzini S, Bove R, Caillier S, Cuneo R, Gelfand J, Green A, Guo J, Gupta S, Halait H, Henry RG, Hollenbach JA, Oksenberg JR, Papinutto N, Pleasure S, Renschen A, Sacco S, Santaniello A, Sindalovsky A, Clelland CD, Sibener L, Cree BAC, Hauser SL, Hollenbach JA, Gee M, Wilson MR, Zamvil SS, Sabatino JJ (2026) Antigen specificity of clonally enriched CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis. Nat Immunol 27:490\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-025-02412-3","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-29692-x","volume":"16","author":"T Hegelmaier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hegelmaier T, Duscha A, Desel C, Fuchs S, Shapira M, Amidror S, Shan Q, Stangl GI, Hirche F, Kempa S, Maifeld A, W\u00fcrtele L-M, Peplinski J, Jauk D, Naim G, Shidlovsky N, Cohen A, Bennet Y, Paschold L, Dumitru CA, Oberm\u00fcller-Jevic U, Hustvedt S-O, Timmesfeld N, Gold R, Zapf A, Binder M, Sandalcioglu IE, Mostaghim S, Przuntek H, Segal E, Yissachar N, Haghikia A (2025) Supplementation with short-chain fatty acids and a prebiotic improves clinical outcome in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized double-blind prospective study. Sci Rep 16:315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-29692-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-02939-9","volume":"30","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Gauthier S, Chandekar SA, Hviid Hahn-Pedersen J, Bentsen MA, Zetterberg H (2025) Neuroinflammatory fluid biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic literature review. Mol Psychiatry 30:2783\u20132798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-025-02939-9","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2363_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.087778","author":"DM Holtzman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holtzman DM (2024) Evidence for a role of adaptive immunity in Tau\u2010mediated neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.087778","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X678319","volume":"23","author":"Y-H Hsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsu Y-H, Chang M-S (2014) The therapeutic potential of anti-interleukin-20 monoclonal antibody. Cell Transplant 23:631\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3727\/096368914X678319","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2363_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00563-7","volume":"17","author":"D Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu D, Xia W, Weiner HL (2022) CD8+ T cells in neurodegeneration: friend or foe? Mol Neurodegener 17:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-022-00563-7","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262311494","volume":"26","author":"K Ishikawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ishikawa K, Fujikawa R, Okita K, Kimura F, Watanabe T, Katsurabayashi S, Iwasaki K (2025) Microglia in brain aging and age-related diseases: friends or foes? Int J Mol Sci 26:11494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms262311494","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12071012","volume":"12","author":"S Isik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isik S, Yeman Kiyak B, Akbayir R, Seyhali R, Arpaci T (2023) Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cells 12:1012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12071012","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2363_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1769-z","volume":"575","author":"C Ising","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ising C, Venegas C, Zhang S, Scheiblich H, Schmidt SV, Vieira-Saecker A, Schwartz S, Albasset S, McManus RM, Tejera D, Griep A, Santarelli F, Brosseron F, Opitz S, Stunden J, Merten M, Kayed R, Golenbock DT, Blum D, Latz E, Bu\u00e9e L, Heneka MT (2019) NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology. Nature 575:669\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1769-z","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jackson MS, Porter LG, Oakes RS (2026) Engineering neuroimmune regulation: biomaterial and nanotechnology platforms for neuropathology diagnosis and targeted immunomodulation, Front. Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1677612.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1677612"},{"key":"2363_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15007","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309648110","volume":"110","author":"D Jonigk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonigk D, Al-Omari M, Maegel L, M\u00fcller M, Izykowski N, Hong J, Hong K, Kim S-H, Dorsch M, Mahadeva R, Laenger F, Kreipe H, Braun A, Shahaf G, Lewis EC, Welte T, Dinarello CA, Janciauskiene S (2013) Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of \u03b11-antitrypsin without inhibition of elastase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:15007\u201315012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1309648110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2363_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ju J, Pan Y, Yang X, Li X, Chen J, Wu, Hou ST (2025) The \u201cdon\u2019t eat me\u201d signal CD47 is associated with microglial phagocytosis defects and autism-like behaviors in 16p11.2 deletion mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2411080122.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2411080122"},{"key":"2363_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110439","volume":"129","author":"K Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang K, Xu P, Wang M, Chunyu J, Sun X, Ren G, Xiao W, Li D (2020) FGF21 attenuates neurodegeneration through modulating neuroinflammation and oxidant-stress. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110439","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2363_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22761-5","volume":"12","author":"G Karapetyan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karapetyan G, Fereshetyan K, Harutyunyan H, Yenkoyan K (2022) The synergy of \u03b2 amyloid 1-42 and oxidative stress in the development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like neurodegeneration of hippocampal cells. Sci Rep 12:17883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22761-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864251396039","author":"DE Katsaros","year":"2025","unstructured":"Katsaros DE, Mougiakakos D (2025) CAR T-cell therapy for neurological disorders: scientific rationale and mechanistic insights. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864251396039","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"2363_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","volume":"169","author":"H Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keren-Shaul H, Spinrad A, Weiner A, Matcovitch-Natan O, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Ulland TK, David E, Baruch K, Lara-Astaiso D, Toth B, Itzkovitz S, Colonna M, Schwartz M, Amit I (2017) A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell 169:1276-1290.e17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2363_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.8b00351","volume":"9","author":"JM Ketcham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ketcham JM, Marshall LA, Talay O (2018) CCR4 antagonists inhibit Treg trafficking into the tumor microenvironment. ACS Med Chem Lett 9:953\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.8b00351","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"2363_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02494-3","volume":"10","author":"SW Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim SW, Seok SH (2025) Beyond barriers: when neurons act immune and immunity acts neural. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10:392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02494-3","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae428","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Ban JJ, Kang J, Im HR, Ko SH, Sung JJ, Choi SJ (2024) Single-cell analysis reveals expanded CD8+ GZMK high T cells in CSF and shared peripheral clones in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae428","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.109","volume":"10","author":"M Kiraly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiraly M, Foss JF, Giordano T (2023) Neuroinflammation, its role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and therapeutic strategies. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 10:686\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2023.109","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z","volume":"27","author":"EG Knox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knox EG, Aburto MR, Clarke G, Cryan JF, O\u2019Driscoll CM (2022) The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 27:2659\u20132673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2363_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-08561-z","author":"F Kobeissy","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kobeissy F, Salzet M (2026) Beyond immune privilege: the brain as a dynamic immunological interface. Cell Death Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-026-08561-z","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad322","volume":"147","author":"A Kouli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kouli A, Spindler LRB, Fryer TD, Hong YT, Malpetti M, Aigbirhio FI, White SR, Camacho M, O\u2019Brien JT, Williams-Gray CH (2024) Neuroinflammation is linked to dementia risk in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 147:923\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad322","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2363_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02226","author":"TW Kragstrup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kragstrup TW, Andersen T, Heftdal LD, Hvid M, Gerwien J, Sivakumar P, Taylor PC, Senolt L, Deleuran B (2018) The IL-20 cytokine family in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02226","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03735","volume":"5","author":"V Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar V, Lee JD, Clark RJ, Noakes PG, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM (2020) Preclinical pharmacokinetics of complement C5a receptor antagonists PMX53 and PMX205 in mice. ACS Omega 5:2345\u20132354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.9b03735","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2363_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70229","author":"R Kumar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kumar R, Agarwal P, Anderson K, Claassen D, Dean M, Duker A, Scott B, Hoehn B, Mongan A, Lin P, Cahir-McFarland E, Taylor L, Morrison G, Yednock T, Keswani S, Kroon H (2026) An open-label phase 1b study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity of <scp>ANX005<\/scp> in patients with Huntington\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.70229","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2363_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Kumar, D.O. Claassen, A. Mongan, B. Hoehn, P. Lin, E. Cahir-Mcfarland, L. Taylor, P. Chandra, T. Yednock, H.-A. Kroon, J08\u2005A phase 2 open label study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of intravenous ANX005 in patients with, or at risk of, manifest Huntington\u2019s disease (HD), in: J: Clinical Therapeutics, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022: p. A96.3-A97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2022-ehdn.258.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-ehdn.258"},{"key":"2363_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581817740873","volume":"36","author":"JA Lansita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lansita JA, Mease KM, Qiu H, Yednock T, Sankaranarayanan S, Kramer S (2017) Nonclinical development of ANX005: a humanized anti-C1q antibody for treatment of autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Toxicol 36:449\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581817740873","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"2363_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1378944","author":"L Levstek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levstek L, Jan\u017ei\u010d L, Ihan A, Kopitar AN (2024) Biomarkers for prediction of CAR T therapy outcomes: current and future perspectives. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1378944","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1422591","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Chen H, Xu C, Hu M, Li J, Chang W (2024) Systemic toxicity of CAR-T therapy and potential monitoring indicators for toxicity prevention. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1422591","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. Li, M. Jia, C. Yang, Y. Zhao, J. Hu, Y. Zhao, X. Hu, F. Ning, C. Ding, Q. Li, J. Gong, X. Jia, K. Xu, Y. Wang, S. Zhou, L. Deng, L. Shi, X. Chen, X. Liu, Z. Liu, Gut microbial-derived indole-3-propionate improves cognitive function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Sci. Adv. 11 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adw8410","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw8410"},{"key":"2363_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115082","volume":"161","author":"C Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu C, Li X (2025) Role of leptin and adiponectin in immune response and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 161:115082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115082","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00575","author":"Z Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Z, Cheng X, Zhong S, Zhang X, Liu C, Liu F, Zhao C (2020) Peripheral and central nervous system immune response crosstalk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00575","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14161","volume":"29","author":"R Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu R, Li Y, Wang Z, Chen P, Xie Y, Qu W, Wang M, Yu Z, Luo X (2023) Regulatory T cells promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury by alleviating microglia inflammation via STAT3 inhibition. CNS Neurosci Ther 29:2129\u20132144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14161","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53547-0","volume":"15","author":"E Lobanova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lobanova E, Zhang YP, Emin D, Brelstaff J, Kahanawita L, Malpetti M, Quaegebeur A, Triantafilou K, Triantafilou M, Zetterberg H, Rowe JB, Williams-Gray CH, Bryant CE, Klenerman D (2024a) ASC specks as a single-molecule fluid biomarker of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 15:9690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53547-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lobanova E, Zhang YP, Emin D, Brelstaff J, Kahanawita L, Malpetti M, Quaegebeur A, Triantafilou K, Triantafilou M, Zetterberg H, Rowe JB, Williams-Gray CH, Bryant CE, Klenerman D (2024) ASC specks as a single-molecule fluid biomarker of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun. 15: 9690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53547-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53547-0"},{"key":"2363_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","volume":"9","author":"JS Loh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY (2024) Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-015-0191-7","volume":"32","author":"MS Lundblad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lundblad MS, Overgaard RV, G\u00f6thberg M, Fjording MS, Watson E (2015) Clinical pharmacokinetics of the anti-interleukin-20 monoclonal antibody NNC0109-0012 in healthy volunteers and patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Ther 32:228\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-015-0191-7","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62478-3","volume":"16","author":"M Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma M, Paryani F, Jakubiak K, Xia S, Antoku S, Kannan A, Lee J, Madden N, Senthil Kumar S, Li J, Chen D, Hargus G, Mahajan A, Flowers X, Harms AS, Sulzer D, Goldman JE, Sims PA, Al-Dalahmah O (2025) The spatial landscape of glial pathology and T cell response in Parkinson\u2019s disease substantia nigra. Nat Commun 16:7146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-62478-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1420198","author":"M Machacek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Machacek M, Garcia-Montoya E, McColgan P, Sanwald-Ducray P, Mazer NA (2024) NfL concentration in CSF is a quantitative marker of the rate of neurodegeneration in aging and Huntington\u2019s disease: a semi-mechanistic model-based analysis. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1420198","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157320","volume":"26","author":"V Maggisano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maggisano V, D\u2019Amico M, Aquila S, Giordano F, Battaglia AM, Chimento A, Biamonte F, Russo D, Pezzi V, Bulotta S, De Amicis F (2025) IL-20 subfamily biological effects: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives in cancer. Int J Mol Sci 26:7320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157320","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010104","volume":"18","author":"R Mallick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mallick R, Basak S, Chowdhury P, Bhowmik P, Das RK, Banerjee A, Paul S, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK (2025) Targeting cytokine-mediated inflammation in brain disorders: developing new treatment strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 18:104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18010104","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"2363_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad078","volume":"146","author":"M Malpetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malpetti M, Cope TE, Street D, Jones PS, Hezemans FH, Mak E, Tsvetanov KA, Rittman T, Bevan-Jones WR, Patterson K, Passamonti L, Fryer TD, Hong YT, Aigbirhio FI, O\u2019Brien JT, Rowe JB (2023) Microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicts cognitive decline in frontotemporal dementia. Brain 146:3221\u20133231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad078","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2363_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/nipt-2022-0001","volume":"1","author":"M Markovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Markovic M, Yeapuri P, Namminga KL, Lu Y, Saleh M, Olson KE, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL (2022) Interleukin-2 expands neuroprotective regulatory T cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroimmune Pharmacol Ther 1:43\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/nipt-2022-0001","journal-title":"Neuroimmune Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martins-Ferreira R, Calafell-Segura J, Leal B, Rodr\u00edguez-Ubreva J, Mart\u00ednez-Saez E, Mereu E, & Ballestar E (2025) The Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) unravels changes in disease-associated microglia subsets across neurodegenerative conditions. Nat Commun. 16 (1): 739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-56124-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56124-1"},{"key":"2363_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotech.2022.100070","volume":"13","author":"R Maute","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maute R, Xu J, Weissman IL (2022) CD47\u2013SIRP\u03b1-targeted therapeutics: status and prospects. Immuno-Oncol Technol 13:100070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iotech.2022.100070","journal-title":"Immuno-Oncol Technol"},{"key":"2363_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10206-5","volume":"20","author":"A Moadab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moadab A, Khorramdelazad H, Javar MTA, Nejad MsaberM, Mirzaie S, Hatami S, Mahdavi N, Ghaffari S, Yazdian FA (2025) Unmasking a paradox: roles of the PD-1\/PD-L1 axis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 20:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-025-10206-5","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70009","author":"QD Mohammad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohammad QD, Islam Z, Papri N, Hayat S, Jahan I, Azad KAK, Artis DR, Hoehn B, Humphriss E, Lin P, Yednock T, Kroon H (2025) Results from a phase 1 study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of ANX005, a C1q inhibitor, in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns.70009","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2363_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.657768","author":"CD Moorman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moorman CD, Sohn SJ, Phee H (2021) Emerging therapeutics for immune tolerance: tolerogenic vaccines, T cell therapy, and IL-2 therapy. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.657768","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.70001","volume":"3","author":"L Mu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mu L, Wang Y (2025) The role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in neuroinflammation. Neuroprotection (New York NY) 3:131\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nep3.70001","journal-title":"Neuroprotection (New York NY)"},{"key":"2363_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1575022","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Di Benedetto S (2025) Neuroimmune crosstalk in chronic neuroinflammation: microglial interactions and immune modulation. Front Cell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1575022","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1575022","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Di Benedetto S (2025) Neuroimmune crosstalk in chronic neuroinflammation: microglial interactions and immune modulation. Front Cell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1575022","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1715045","author":"L M\u00fcller","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u00fcller L, Di Benedetto S, M\u00fcller V (2025) Neuroimmune dynamics and brain aging: mechanisms and consequences. Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1715045","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","author":"L Muzio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muzio L, Viotti A, Martino G (2021) Microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: from understanding to therapy. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.742065","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113476","volume":"143","author":"Y Nan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nan Y, Ni S, Liu M, Hu K (2024) The emerging role of microglia in the development and therapy of multiple sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 143:113476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113476","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2363_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2240050","author":"A Nogal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nogal A, Asnicar F, Vijay A, Kouraki A, Visconti A, Louca P, Wong K, Baleanu A-F, Giordano F, Wolf J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Davies R, Michelotti GA, Franks PW, Berry SE, Falchi M, Ikram A, Ollivere BJ, Zheng A, Nightingale J, Mangino M, Segata N, Bulsiewicz WJ, Spector TD, Valdes AM, Menni C (2023) Genetic and gut microbiome determinants of SCFA circulating and fecal levels, postprandial responses and links to chronic and acute inflammation. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2240050","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2363_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00867-4","volume":"20","author":"M-Y Noh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Noh M-Y, Kwon HS, Kwon M-S, Nahm M, Jin HK, Bae J, Kim SH (2025) Biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future directions. Mol Neurodegener 20:82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00867-4","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64503-x","volume":"16","author":"M Ohyagi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohyagi M, Ito M, Iizuka-Koga M, Mise-Omata S, Yoshimura A (2025) Stage-specific roles of clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in regulating amyloid pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. Nat Commun 16:9458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-64503-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19737-2","volume":"11","author":"M Olah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olah M, Menon V, Habib N, Taga MF, Ma Y, Yung CJ, Cimpean M, Khairallah A, Coronas-Samano G, Sankowski R, Gr\u00fcn D, Kroshilina AA, Dionne D, Sarkis RA, Cosgrove GR, Helgager J, Golden JA, Pennell PB, Prinz M, Vonsattel JPG, Teich AF, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Regev A, Elyaman W, Bradshaw EM, Jager PLD (2020) Single cell RNA sequencing of human microglia uncovers a subset associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 11:6129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19737-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.08.012","volume":"154","author":"A Oliver","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliver A, Alkan Z, Stephensen CB, Newman JW, Kable ME, Lemay DG (2024) Diet, microbiome, and inflammation predictors of fecal and plasma short-chain fatty acids in humans. J Nutr 154:3298\u20133311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.08.012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2363_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173628","volume":"30","author":"M Owe-Larsson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Owe-Larsson M, Drobek D, Iwaniak P, Kloc R, Urbanska EM, Chwil M (2025) Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid-emerging role in neuroprotection. Molecules 30:3628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30173628","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2363_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71473-1","author":"S Ozog","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ozog S, Krantz EM, Tindbaek K, Munoz J, Liu WL, Chalal C, Pernikoff S, Yahya K, Stevens-Ayers T, Dasgupta S, Cowan AJ, Green DJ, Gauthier J, Till BG, Gardner RA, Shadman M, Bleakley M, Boeckh M, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Turtle CJ, Hill JA (2026) Influence of B cell-lineage targeted CAR-T cell therapy on humoral immunity and vaccine-induced antibody response. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-71473-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2401420121","author":"A Panwar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Panwar A, Rentsendorj A, Jhun M, Cohen RM, Cordner R, Gull N, Pechnick RN, Duvall G, Mardiros A, Golchian D, Schubloom H, Jin L-W, Van Dam D, Vermeiren Y, De Reu H, De Deyn PP, Raskatov JA, Black KL, Irvin DK, Williams BA, Wheeler CJ (2024) Antigen-specific age-related memory CD8 T cells induce and track Alzheimer\u2019s-like neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2401420121","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2363_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666190321154618","volume":"16","author":"E Paouri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paouri E, Georgopoulos S (2019) Systemic and CNS inflammation crosstalk: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 16:559\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205016666190321154618","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"2363_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb8786","author":"JL Pappalardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pappalardo JL, Zhang L, Pecsok MK, Perlman K, Zografou C, Raddassi K, Abulaban A, Krishnaswamy S, Antel J, van Dijk D, Hafler DA (2020) Transcriptomic and clonal characterization of T cells in the human central nervous system. Sci Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb8786","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2020.53.1.309","volume":"53","author":"J-C Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park J-C, Han S-H, Mook-Jung I (2020) Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a brief review. BMB Rep 53:10\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5483\/BMBRep.2020.53.1.309","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57002-6","volume":"16","author":"F Parween","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parween F, Singh SP, Kathuria N, Zhang HH, Ashida S, Otaizo-Carrasquero FA, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lorenzi HA, Riley DJ, Myers TG, Pittaluga S, Bielekova B, Farber JM (2025) Migration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines. Nat Commun 16:1978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-57002-6","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.790","volume":"6","author":"M Pawlitzki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawlitzki M, Butryn M, Kirchner F, F\u00e4rber J, Beuing O, Minnerup J, Meuth SG, Neumann J (2019) CSF neurofilament light chain level predicts axonal damage in cerebral vasculitis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 6:1134\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.790","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2363_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pei M, Dai XD, Jiang XF, Yuan CY, Tan J, He KF, Liu GJ, Zhu JD, Li HH, Pan AL, Wang YR, Chen YL, Chen XJ, Wang C (2025) A CD47 antibody with minimized erythrocyte and thrombocyte toxicities, Front. Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1686180","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1686180"},{"key":"2363_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13450","volume":"20","author":"W Pelkmans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pelkmans W, Shekari M, Brugulat\u2010Serrat A, S\u00e1nchez\u2010Benavides G, Minguill\u00f3n C, Fauria K, Molinuevo JL, Grau\u2010Rivera O, Gonz\u00e1lez Escalante A, Kollmorgen G, Carboni M, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Suarez\u2010Calvet M, Gispert JD (2024) Astrocyte biomarkers GFAP and YKL\u201040 mediate early Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Alzheimers Dement 20:483\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13450","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70380","author":"Y Peng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yao S, Wu S, Yang H, Zhang X, Kazuo S, Liu J, Du M, Lin L, Kang X, Jiang D (2026a) New perspective: bench to bedside evidence of the role of CD8+ T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immunity Inflamm Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70380","journal-title":"Immunity Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70sss","author":"Y Peng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yao S, Wu S, Yang H, Zhang X, Kazuo S, Liu J, Du M, Lin L, Kang X, Jiang D (2026b) New perspective: bench to bedside evidence of the role of CD8+ T cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immun Inflamm Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70sss","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2026.02.009","author":"G Pesce","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pesce G, Estivill-Alonso M, Ventura S (2026) Programmable CAR immunotherapies for neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Trends Pharmacol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2026.02.009","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23970","volume":"69","author":"AF Pike","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pike AF, Varanita T, Herrebout MAC, Plug BC, Kole J, Musters RJP, Teunissen CE, Hoozemans JJM, Bubacco L, Veerhuis R (2021) \u03b1-Synuclein evokes NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1\u03b2 secretion from primary human microglia. Glia 69:1413\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23970","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2363_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00509","author":"R Planas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Planas R, Metz I, Martin R, Sospedra M (2018) Detailed characterization of T cell receptor repertoires in multiple sclerosis brain lesions. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00509","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106628","volume":"26","author":"S Prasad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prasad S, Singh A, Hu S, Sheng WS, Chauhan P, Lokensgard JR (2023) Dysregulated brain regulatory T cells fail to control reactive gliosis following repeated antigen stimulation. iScience 26:106628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106628","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2363_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-1079","volume":"19","author":"RJ Puro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puro RJ, Bouchlaka MN, Hiebsch RR, Capoccia BJ, Donio MJ, Manning PT, Frazier WA, Karr RW, Pereira DS (2020) Development of AO-176, a next-generation humanized anti-CD47 antibody with novel anticancer properties and negligible red blood cell binding. Mol Cancer Ther 19:835\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-1079","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin J, Lovelace MD, Mitchell AJ, de Koning\u2010Ward T, Grau GE, Pai S (2021) Perivascular macrophages create an intravascular niche for CD8+ T cell localisation prior to the onset of fatal experimental cerebral malaria, Clin. Transl. Immunology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cti2.1273","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1273"},{"key":"2363_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01728-4","volume":"9","author":"N Quinn-Bohmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quinn-Bohmann N, Wilmanski T, Sarmiento KR, Levy L, Lampe JW, Gurry T, Rappaport N, Ostrem EM, Venturelli OS, Diener C, Gibbons SM (2024) Microbial community-scale metabolic modelling predicts personalized short-chain fatty acid production profiles in the human gut. Nat Microbiol 9:1700\u20131712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-024-01728-4","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2363_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03532-x","volume":"31","author":"SS Raj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raj SS, Fei T, Fried S, Ip A, Fein JA, Leslie LA, Alarcon Tomas A, Leithner D, Peled JU, Corona M, Dahi PB, Danylesko I, Epstein-Peterson Z, Funnell T, Giralt SA, Jacoby E, Kedmi M, Landego I, Lin RJ, Parascondola A, Pascual L, Orozco N, Park JH, Palomba ML, Salles G, Saldia A, Sch\u00f6der H, Sdayoor I, Shah GL, Scordo M, Shem-Tov N, Shimoni A, Slingerland J, Yerushalmi R, Nagler A, Greenbaum BD, Vickers AJ, Suh HC, Avigdor A, Perales M-A, van den Brink MRM, Shouval R (2025) An inflammatory biomarker signature of response to CAR-T cell therapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Nat Med 31:1183\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03532-x","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2363_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00959-8","volume":"23","author":"F Ram\u00edrez-Valle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Valle F, Maranville JC, Roy S, Plenge RM (2024) Sequential immunotherapy: towards cures for autoimmunity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 23:501\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-024-00959-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2363_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1599303","author":"D Ramos-Vicente","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramos-Vicente D, Monterosso P, de F\u00e0bregues O, Roch G, Vila M, Bov\u00e9 J (2025) Single-cell transcriptomics for immune profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1599303","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02856-4","volume":"25","author":"C Rao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rao C, Zhu L, Gu T, Zha Z, Yu C (2026) Association of composite biomarkers with imaging burden in cerebral small vessel disease. Lipids Health Dis 25:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-025-02856-4","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081956","volume":"13","author":"J Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren J, Wang Q, Hong H, Tang C (2025) Fecal microbiota transplantation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: mechanistic insights through the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and therapeutic prospects. Microorganisms 13:1956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13081956","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2363_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.01.001","volume":"58","author":"M Rosenzwajg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenzwajg M, Churlaud G, Mallone R, Six A, D\u00e9rian N, Chaara W, Lorenzon R, Long SA, Buckner JH, Afonso G, Pham H-P, Hartemann A, Yu A, Pugliese A, Malek TR, Klatzmann D (2015) Low-dose interleukin-2 fosters a dose-dependent regulatory T cell tuned milieu in T1D patients. J Autoimmun 58:48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.01.001","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2363_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3766","volume":"14","author":"S Rutz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rutz S, Wang X, Ouyang W (2014) The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines \u2014 from host defence to tissue homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 14:783\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3766","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7846","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080465","volume":"46","author":"M Sacharczuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sacharczuk M, Mickael M-E, Kubick N, Kami\u0144ska A, Horba\u0144czuk JO, Atanasov AG, Religa P, \u0141awi\u0144ski M (2024) The current landscape of hypotheses describing the contribution of CD4+ heterogeneous populations to ALS. Curr Issues Mol Biol 46:7846\u20137861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb46080465","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"2363_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01905","volume":"8","author":"ST Schetters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schetters ST, Gomez-Nicola D, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Van Kooyk Y (2018) Neuroinflammation: Microglia and T Cells Get Ready to Tango. Front Immunol 8:1905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01905","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.09.004","volume":"98","author":"L Sepiashvili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sepiashvili L, Alli Z, Bohn MK, Hall A, Karin A, Murata K, Adeli K (2021) Complex biological patterns of soluble cytokines and CD163 in childhood necessitating age-specific reference intervals for evidence-based clinical interpretation. Clin Biochem 98:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2021.09.004","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2363_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads6613","author":"L Shao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shao L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Shi C, Yue X, Li C, Liu Y, Fu Z, Tang C, Zhao X, Han M, Zhang J, Sun W, Yao Z, Xi K, Fang Z, Wang Z, Feng F, Ma C, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Ni S, Jiang X, Chen C (2025) Synthetic efferocytic receptor microglia enhances anti-inflammatory clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 for AD treatment in mice. Sci Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.ads6613","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2363_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115784","volume":"260","author":"C Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi C, Zhang X, Chi X, Zhou YR, Lyu W, Gao T, Zhou J, Chen Y, Yi C, Sun X, Zhang L, Liu Z (2023) Discovery of NLRP3 inhibitors using machine learning: identification of a hit compound to treat NLRP3 activation-driven diseases. Eur J Med Chem 260:115784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115784","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"2363_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v8.i1.39","volume":"8","author":"I Siddiqui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siddiqui I, Majid H, Abid S (2017) Update on clinical and research application of fecal biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 8:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4292\/wjgpt.v8.i1.39","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","author":"YP Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva YP, Bernardi A, Frozza RL (2020) The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2363_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01053-6","volume":"20","author":"A Silvin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silvin A, Qian J, Ginhoux F (2023) Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 20:1277\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-023-01053-6","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00769-x","volume":"19","author":"H-L Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song H-L, Kim M-S, Cho W-Y, Yoo Y-S, Kim J-Y, Kim T-W, Kim H, Kim D-H, Yoon S-Y (2024) Comparing anti-tau antibodies under clinical trials and their epitopes on tau pathologies. Mol Neurodegener 19:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-024-00769-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24160","volume":"70","author":"IC Stancu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stancu IC, Lodder C, Botella Lucena P, Vanherle S, Guti\u00e9rrez de Rav\u00e9 M, Terwel D, Bottelbergs A, Dewachter I (2022) The NLRP3 inflammasome modulates tau pathology and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model. Glia 70:1117\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.24160","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2363_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02809-w","volume":"30","author":"A Strauss","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strauss A, Swann P, Kigar SL, Christou R, Savinykh Yarkoni N, Turner L, Murley AG, Chouliaras L, Shapiro N, Ashton NJ, Savulich G, Bevan-Jones WR, Surendranthan A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, O\u2019Brien JT, Rowe JB, Malpetti M (2025) Peripheral innate immunophenotype in neurodegenerative disease: blood-based profiles and links to survival. Mol Psychiatry 30:1985\u20131994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-024-02809-w","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2363_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201506123","volume":"8","author":"M Su\u00e1rez\u2010Calvet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez\u2010Calvet M, Kleinberger G, Araque Caballero M\u00c1, Brendel M, Rominger A, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Lle\u00f3 A, Blesa R, Gispert JD, S\u00e1nchez\u2010Valle R, Antonell A, Rami L, Molinuevo JL, Brosseron F, Trasch\u00fctz A, Heneka MT, Struyfs H, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Zetterberg H, Nellg\u00e5rd B, Blennow K, Crispin A, Ewers M, Haass C (2016) STREM2 cerebrospinal fluid levels are a potential biomarker for microglia activity in early\u2010stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease and associate with neuronal injury markers. EMBO Mol Med 8:466\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201506123","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"2363_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","volume":"546","author":"D Sulzer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sulzer D, Alcalay RN, Garretti F, Cote L, Kanter E, Agin-Liebes J, Liong C, McMurtrey C, Hildebrand WH, Mao X, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Oseroff C, Pham J, Sidney J, Dillon MB, Carpenter C, Weiskopf D, Phillips E, Mallal S, Peters B, Frazier A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A (2017) T cells from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease recognize \u03b1-synuclein peptides. Nature 546:656\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature22815","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2363_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03059-x","volume":"21","author":"R Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun R, Jiang H (2024) Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 21:67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03059-x","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2363_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900636","author":"J Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun J, Xu J, Yang B, Chen K, Kong Y, Fang N, Gong T, Wang F, Ling Z, Liu J (2020) Effect of Clostridium butyricum against microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via regulating gut microbiota and metabolites butyrate. Mol Nutr Food Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201900636","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2363_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.014","volume":"91","author":"J Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun J, Li H, Jin Y, Yu J, Mao S, Su K-P, Ling Z, Liu J (2021) Probiotic Clostridium butyricum ameliorated motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease via gut microbiota-GLP-1 pathway. Brain Behav Immun 91:703\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.10.014","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2363_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070833","volume":"14","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun Z, Zhang X, So K-F, Jiang W, Chiu K (2024) Targeting microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies. Biomolecules 14:833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14070833","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2363_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00904-1","volume":"9","author":"W Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan W, Thiruppathi J, Hong SH, Puth S, Pheng S, Mun B-R, Choi W-S, Lee K-H, Park H-S, Nguyen DT, Lee M-C, Jeong K, Zheng JH, Kim Y, Lee SE, Rhee JH (2024) Development of an anti-tauopathy mucosal vaccine specifically targeting pathologic conformers. NPJ Vaccines 9:108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-024-00904-1","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"2363_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13161370","volume":"13","author":"RR Taylor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taylor RR, Keane RW, Guardiola B, L\u00f3pez-Lage S, Moratinos L, Dietrich WD, Perez-Barcena J, de Rivero Vaccari JP (2024) Inflammasome proteins are reliable biomarkers of the inflammatory response in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cells 13:1370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13161370","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2363_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233870","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1233870","volume":"14","author":"E Terrabuio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G (2023) The role of the CD8+ T cell compartment in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 14:1233870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1233870","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62405-6","volume":"16","author":"E Terrabuio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Terrabuio E, Pietronigro EC, Bani A, Della Bianca V, Laudanna C, Rossi B, Finotti G, Santos-Lima B, Zenaro E, Turano E, Tosadori G, Calgaro M, Vitulo N, Castellucci M, Cecconi D, Brandi J, Vareltzakis N, Mainieri F, Calore A, Angelini G, Bonetti B, Constantin G (2025) CD103\u2013CD8+ T cells promote neurotoxic inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via granzyme K\u2013PAR-1 signaling. Nat Commun 16:8372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-62405-6","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxae117","author":"J Topping","year":"2025","unstructured":"Topping J, Lara-Reyna S, Ibbotson A, Jarosz-Griffiths H, Chang L, Poulter J, Peckham D, McDermott MF, Savic S (2025) FACS-based detection of extracellular ASC specks from NLRP3 inflammasomes in inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxae117","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578428","volume":"394","author":"J Tortosa-Carreres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tortosa-Carreres J, Cubas-N\u00fa\u00f1ez L, Piqueras M, Castillo-Villalba J, Quintanilla-Bord\u00e0s C, Quiroga-Varela A, Villarrubia N, Monreal E, \u00c1lvarez G, Gasque-Rubio R, For\u00e9s-Toribio L, Carratal\u00e0-Bosc\u00e0 S, Lucas C, Sanz MT, Rami\u00f3-Torrent\u00e0 L, Villar LM, Casanova B, Laiz B, P\u00e9rez-Miralles FC (2024) Evaluating the complement C1q levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis patients: could it serve as a valuable marker in clinical practice? J Neuroimmunol 394:578428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578428","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2363_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz70856_100766","author":"ME Tuil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tuil ME, Allehyany B, Punnota RS, Edison P (2025) CSF sTREM2 is associated with distinct microglial responses with separate effects on Alzheimer\u2019s pathology in the disease\u2019s trajectory. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz70856_100766","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"2363_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.1174","volume":"16","author":"A Tylutka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tylutka A, \u017babi\u0144ski P, Walas \u0141, Zembron-Lacny A (2024) Neuroinflammation as a link in Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Dis 16(6):3584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2024.1174","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00660-1","volume":"18","author":"K Uekawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C (2023) Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. Mol Neurodegener 18:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-023-00660-1","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-025-00953-9","volume":"26","author":"P Upadhyay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Upadhyay P, Kumar S, Tyagi A, Tyagi AR, Barbhuyan T, Gupta S (2025) Gut microbiome rewiring via fecal transplants: uncovering therapeutic avenues in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models. BMC Neurosci 26:39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12868-025-00953-9","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01919-z","volume":"18","author":"M Valletta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valletta M, Briel N, Yuksekel I, Barboure M, Coward A, De Houwer JFH, Fawad A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Mayoral A, Iaccarino G, Mart\u00ednez-Dubarbie F, Moukaled S, Andreasson U, Gobom J, Brinkmalm A, Tijms B, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Su\u00e1rez-Calvet M, Sch\u00f6ll M, Paterson RW, Montoliu-Gaya L, Sogorb-Esteve A (2025) Fluid biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive update. Alzheimers Res Ther 18:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01919-z","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00726-8","volume":"19","author":"L van Olst","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Olst L, Kamermans A, Halters S, van der Pol SMA, Rodriguez E, Verberk IMW, Verberk SGS, Wessels DWR, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Verhoeff J, Wouters D, Van den Bossche J, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lemstra AW, Witte ME, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE (2024) Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 19:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-024-00726-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12579","volume":"22","author":"LM Villar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villar LM, Pic\u00f3n C, Costa-Frossard L, Alenda R, Garc\u00eda-Caldentey J, Espi\u00f1o M, Muriel A, \u00c1lvarez-Cerme\u00f1o JC (2015) Cerebrospinal fluid immunological biomarkers associated with axonal damage in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 22:1169\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12579","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2363_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101012","volume":"46","author":"S Wachamo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wachamo S, Gaultier A (2025) The emerging role of microbiota derived SCFAs in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health 46:101012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"2363_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110024","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jin S, Sonobe Y, Cheng Y, Horiuchi H, Parajuli B, Kawanokuchi J, Mizuno T, Takeuchi H, Suzumura A (2014) Interleukin-1\u03b2 induces blood-brain barrier disruption by downregulating sonic hedgehog in astrocytes. PLoS ONE 9:e110024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2363_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00280-3","volume":"7","author":"P Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang P, Yao L, Luo M, Zhou W, Jin X, Xu Z, Yan S, Li Y, Xu C, Cheng R, Huang Y, Lin X, Ma K, Cao H, Liu H, Xue G, Han F, Nie H, Jiang Q (2021) Single-cell transcriptome and TCR profiling reveal activated and expanded T cell populations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Discov 7:52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-021-00280-3","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2363_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947341","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang S-X, Chang J-S, Cheng T, Jiang X-J, Su Q-Y, Zhang J-Q, Luo J, Li X-F (2022) Low-dose IL-2 improved clinical symptoms by restoring reduced regulatory T cells in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947341","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10505","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen W, Han Y, Xu X, Yang A, Wei J, Hong D, Fang X, Chen T (2023) Neuroprotective effect of engineered Clostridium butyricum\u2010pMTL007\u2010GLP\u20101 on Parkinson\u2019s disease mice models via promoting mitophagy. Bioeng Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.10505","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"2363_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114120","volume":"43","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, Zheng J, Zhao S, Wan Y, Wang M, Bosco DB, Kuan C-Y, Richardson JR, Wu L-J (2024) CCR2+ monocytes replenish border-associated macrophages in the diseased mouse brain. Cell Rep 43:114120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114120","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz70859_101818","author":"P Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang P, Esworthy T, Weiss I, Zheng P, Liu Y (2025a) Therapeutic activities of anti\u2010human SIGLEC10 mAb in multiple transgenic mouse AD models. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz70859_101818","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2025.13472","volume":"31","author":"T Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang T, Shuai P, Wang Q, Guo C, Huang S, Li Y, Wu W, Yi L (2025b) \u03b1-1 Antitrypsin is a potential target of inflammation and immunomodulation (review). Mol Med Rep 31:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2025.13472","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2363_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01462-x","volume":"46","author":"D Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang D, Huang W, Shi J, Liu F, Jiang W, Chen K, Zhang S, Li X, Lin L (2025c) FGF21, a modulator of astrocyte reactivity, protects against ischemic brain injury through anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 46:1834\u20131851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-024-01462-x","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"2363_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz70859_101773","author":"P Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang P, Weiss I, Zheng P, Liu Y (2025d) Mice carrying unmutated human SIGLEC10 gene cluster transgene develop both amyloid plaques and tau neurofilament tangles: a model for late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz70859_101773","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2363_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1365673","author":"A Warren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A, Frame LA (2024) The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1365673","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939687","volume":"39","author":"K Wolk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolk K, Witte E, Warszawska K, Schulze\u2010Tanzil G, Witte K, Philipp S, Kunz S, D\u00f6cke W, Asadullah K, Volk H, Sterry W, Sabat R (2009) The Th17 cytokine IL\u201022 induces IL\u201020 production in keratinocytes: a novel immunological cascade with potential relevance in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 39:3570\u20133581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200939687","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.203","volume":"13","author":"H Wood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wood H (2017) Soluble TREM2 in CSF sheds light on microglial activation in AD. Nat Rev Neurol 13:65\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.203","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2363_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.016","volume":"117","author":"X Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu X, Yin D, Ren H, Gao W, Li F, Sun D, Wu Y, Zhou S, Lyu L, Yang M, Xiong J, Han L, Jiang R, Zhang J (2018) Selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor reduces neuroinflammation and improves long-term neurological outcomes in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 117:15\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01275-w","volume":"22","author":"W Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu W, Huang Y, Zhou R (2025) NLRP3 inflammasome in neuroinflammation and central nervous system diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 22:341\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01275-w","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-025-00836-7","volume":"11","author":"Z Xue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xue Z, Wu L, Gao B, Tian R, Chen Y, Qi Y, Dong T, Bai Y, Zhao Y, He B, Wang L, Liu Z, Yao J, Lu L, Liu W (2025) A pan-disease and population-level single-cell TCR\u03b1\u03b2 repertoire reference. Cell Discov 11:82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-025-00836-7","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2363_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.778527","author":"C Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang C, Wang W, Deng P, Li C, Zhao L, Gao H (2021) Fibroblast growth factor 21 modulates microglial polarization that attenuates neurodegeneration in mice and cellular models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.778527","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147621","volume":"25","author":"X Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Qiu K, Jiang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liao Y (2024) Metabolic crosstalk between liver and brain: from diseases to mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 25:7621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25147621","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang G, Xu X, Gao W, Wang X, Zhao Y, & Xu Y (2025). Microglia-orchestrated neuroinflammation and synaptic remodeling: roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors in neurodegeneration. Front cell neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1700692.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1700692"},{"key":"2363_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57237-3","volume":"16","author":"J-W Yoon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoon J-W, Kim KM, Cho S, Cho M-J, Park S, Hwang D, Kim HR, Park SH, Cho J-H, Jeong H, Choi J-M (2025) Th1-poised naive CD4 T cell subpopulation reflects anti-tumor immunity and autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 16:1962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-57237-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2363_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00846-9","volume":"20","author":"W Youn","year":"2025","unstructured":"Youn W, Yun M, Lee CJ, Sch\u00f6ll M (2025) Cautions on utilizing plasma GFAP level as a biomarker for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 20:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00846-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"2363_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00486-5","volume":"21","author":"L Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu L, Liu M-M, Guan M-Q, Wang R, Yang X-R, Zhang X-M, Wei J-J, Wu S-F, Gu H, Fu Q, Guo J-H, Li Y-L (2024) Peripheral CD4+ T cell phenotype and brain microglial activation associated with cognitive heterogeneity in aged rats. Immun Ageing 21:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-024-00486-5","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"2363_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03004-9","volume":"76","author":"L Zabeau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zabeau L, Wauman J, Dam J, Van Lint S, Burg E, De Geest J, Rogge E, Silva A, Jockers R, Tavernier J (2019) A novel leptin receptor antagonist uncouples leptin\u2019s metabolic and immune functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 76:1201\u20131214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-019-03004-9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106461","volume":"193","author":"J Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng J, Liao Z, Yang H, Wang Q, Wu Z, Hua F, Zhou Z (2024) T cell infiltration mediates neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 193:106461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106461","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07592-2","volume":"16","author":"X Zhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhan X, Wang S, B\u00e8chet N, Gouras G, Wen G (2025a) Perivascular macrophages in the central nervous system: insights into their roles in health and disease. Cell Death Dis 16:350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-025-07592-2","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2363_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-025-00490-9","volume":"14","author":"X Zhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhan X, Wen G, Wu X, Li J-Y (2025b) Immunization targeting diseased proteins in synucleinopathy and tauopathy: insights from clinical trials. Transl. Neurodegener. 14:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-025-00490-9","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"2363_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","volume":"8","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H (2023a) Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01486-5","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2363_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281763","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1281763","volume":"17","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Duan Z, Cui Y (2023b) CD8+ T cells in brain injury and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 17:1281763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1281763","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2363_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1145649","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang W, Chen Y, Pei H (2023c) C1q and central nervous system disorders. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1145649","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1623","volume-title":"Tau induces inflammasome activation and microgliosis through acetylating NLRP3","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Gai Y, Liu Y, Meng D, Zeng Y, Luo Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Yang M, Li Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Yang J, Wu G, Chen Y, Zhu J, Liu S, Yu T, Zeng J, Wang J, Zhu D, Wang X, Lan X, Liu R (2024a) Tau induces inflammasome activation and microgliosis through acetylating NLRP3. Transl. Med, Clin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ctm2.1623"},{"key":"2363_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1490129","author":"D Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Liu D (2024b) Revisiting immune checkpoint inhibitors: new strategies to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1490129","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1746673","author":"G Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang G, Wang H, Zhou F (2026) Smart control of CAR-T cells: emerging strategies for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1746673","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.757480","author":"H Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao H, Song S, Ma J, Yan Z, Xie H, Feng Y, Che S (2022) CD47 as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.757480","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7825","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S444115","volume":"18","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Liu Y, Ruan S, Hu Y (2023) Current anti-amyloid-\u03b2 therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment: from clinical research to nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 18:7825\u20137845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S444115","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2363_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1429639","author":"J Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao J, Liu X, Yue J, Zhang S, Li L, Wei H (2024) PF-05231023 reduces lipid deposition in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by inhibiting the expression of lipid synthesis genes. Front Vet Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2024.1429639","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S550012","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Shen L, Huang Y (2025) Low-dose IL-2 attenuates neuropathic pain via Treg expansion in rats. J Pain Res 18:5011\u20135022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S550012","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2363_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041783","volume":"27","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Li X, Dong W, Zhu H, Wang S, Xu M, Xu Y, Liu M, Duan J, Liu Y, Feng W, Ning S, Zhi H (2026a) Integrated single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals that a CD8+ TPex\u2013monocyte interaction axis coordinates immune infiltration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 27:1783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27041783","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2363_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2025.2521721","volume":"48","author":"F Zhao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhao F, Yang H, Liu H, Yu H, Zhao Y (2026b) FGF21 restores metabolic function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling. Neurol Res 48:119\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01616412.2025.2521721","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"2363_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115021","volume":"383","author":"F Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng F, Dong T, Chen Y, Wang L, Peng G (2025) Border-associated macrophages: from physiology to therapeutic targets in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 383:115021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115021","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2363_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02683-0","volume":"13","author":"X Zhong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhong X, Qiang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Feng J, Cheng W, Tan L, Yu J (2023) Peripheral immunity and risk of incident brain disorders: a prospective cohort study of 161,968 participants. Transl Psychiatry 13:382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02683-0","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2363_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01202","author":"T Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou T, Huang Z, Zhu X, Sun X, Liu Y, Cheng B, Li M, Liu Y, He C, Liu X (2018) Alpha-1 antitrypsin attenuates M1 microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01202","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2363_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7105","author":"L-T Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou L-T, Liu D, Kang H-C, Lu L, Huang H-Z, Ai W-Q, Zhou Y, Deng M-F, Li H, Liu Z-Q, Zhang W-F, Hu Y-Z, Han Z-T, Zhang H-H, Jia J-J, Sarkar AK, Sharaydeh S, Wang J, Man H-Y, Schilling M, Bertram L, Lu Y, Guo Z, Zhu L-Q (2023) Tau pathology epigenetically remodels the neuron-glial cross-talk in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abq7105","journal-title":"Sci Adv"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:12:59Z","timestamp":1788963179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":243,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02363-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}