{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:09:13Z","timestamp":1788966553670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sumac (\n                      <jats:italic>Rhus coriaria<\/jats:italic>\n                      L., Anacardiaceae) fruit is receiving a growing attention as potential nutraceutical and cosmetic ingredient. It is appreciated either as a spice and medicinal remedy in Middle East countries. The application of fruits preparations to skin injuries emerged from ethnopharmacological studies, sustained by few experimental studies on wound healing. The present work, based on previous evidence of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), is aimed at translating the in vitro effect of sumac to an in vivo model of dermatitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two polar sumac fruit extracts (acetone extract, ARC; ethanol extracts, mERC) were investigated in mice by Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model. The in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity was investigated 6\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h after dermatitis induction by means of edema, leukocyte infiltrate, and histological features; the expression of inflammatory genes was also analyzed by PCR array. Biological targets identified in vivo were validated in vitro by stimulating HaCaT cells with pro-inflammatory mediators for the same exposure time-points (6\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h). Both the extracts inhibited PMA-induced IL8 release in HaCaT cells, but mERC showed lower IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      (18.68\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL vs. 26.34\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, respectively). According to the in vitro effect, both the extracts (300\u20131000\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) reduced edema and neutrophilic granulocytes infiltrate in mice auricle at 6\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h after dermatitis induction, with comparable activity. The gene expression profile in the inflamed ear tissues suggested the involvement of TNF and IL4\/IL13 pathways in ARC and mERC anti-inflammatory activity. This hypothesis was confirmed by further in vitro experiments on HaCaT cells, in which both extracts impaired TNF-induced IL-8 with IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      below 1.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL. Once, again mERC showed slightly lower IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      then ARC (1.32\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL vs. 1.63\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL). In analogy, the most promising extract also impaired the release of IL-4-induced CCL26, with IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 1.06\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study supports the relevance of the biological properties of sumac fruit for skin inflammation. Moreover, mechanisms of action related to TNF and IL4\/IL13 pathways suggest further specific investigations related to skin allergy and autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:13:39Z","timestamp":1787721219000},"page":"6119-6134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vivo and in vitro investigation of skin anti-inflammatory effect of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwa Moheb","family":"El Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Maranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Pozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Dell\u2019Agli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Sangiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.06.011","volume":"166","author":"IM Abu-Reidah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abu-Reidah IM et al (2015) HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS\/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits. Food Chem 166:179\u2013191","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2368_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10010073","author":"H Alsamri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsamri H et al (2021) Pharmacological and antioxidant activities of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac). Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10010073","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"2368_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14668","volume":"21","author":"AZ Alsarayreh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsarayreh AZ, Oran SA, Shakhanbeh JM (2022) Effect of Rhus coriaria L. methanolic fruit extract on wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. J Cosmet Dermatol 21(8):3567\u20133577","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2368_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.05.195","volume":"19","author":"E Altundag","year":"2011","unstructured":"Altundag E, Ozturk M (2011) Ethnomedicinal studies on the plant resources of east Anatolia, Turkey. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 19:756\u2013777","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2368_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)69420-2","volume":"256","author":"PC Andrews","year":"1981","unstructured":"Andrews PC, Krinsky NI (1981) The reductive cleavage of myeloperoxidase in half, producing enzymically active hemi-myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem 256(9):4211\u20134218","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"27","key":"2368_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128305609240529114411","volume":"30","author":"H Bahari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bahari H et al (2024) The effects of sumac consumption on inflammatory and oxidative stress factors: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Curr Pharm des 30(27):2142\u20132151","journal-title":"Curr Pharm des"},{"key":"2368_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020141","author":"G Baron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baron G et al (2021) Analytical profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the enriched polyphenol fractions isolated from bergamot fruit and leave. Antioxidants (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10020141","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2368_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12506462","volume":"78","author":"PP Bradley","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bradley PP et al (1982) Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker. J Invest Dermatol 78(3):206\u2013209","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2368_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.03.011","volume":"11","author":"S Butala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butala S et al (2023) Biologic versus small molecule therapy for treating moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: clinical considerations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 11(5):1361\u20131373","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2368_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076206","author":"A Calabro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calabro A et al (2023) The nutraceutical properties of Rhus coriaria Linn: potential application on human health and aging biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24076206","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2368_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camponogara C, et al (2019) Nasturtium officinale R. Br. effectively reduces the skin inflammation induced by croton oil via glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and NF-kappaB pathways without causing toxicological effects in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 229:190\u2013204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.10.011"},{"key":"2368_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040119","author":"J Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi J et al (2021) The protective effect of Hamamelis virginiana stem and leaf extract on fine dust-induced damage on human keratinocytes. Cosmetics (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cosmetics8040119","journal-title":"Cosmetics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2368_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.11.015","volume":"116","author":"F Conforti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conforti F et al (2008) In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants. J Ethnopharmacol 116(1):144\u2013151","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2368_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2021.1940962","volume":"17","author":"C Dubin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dubin C, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E (2021) The IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 pathways in atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 17(8):835\u2013852","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2368_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900561","volume":"17","author":"ZA Elagbar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elagbar ZA et al (2020) Phytochemical diversity and pharmacological properties of Rhus coriaria. Chem Biodivers 17(4):e1900561","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers"},{"issue":"25","key":"2368_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26669","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c00910","volume":"10","author":"M Emanet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Emanet M et al (2025) Evaluation of the effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) extract-loaded ethosomes on an in vitro wound healing model. ACS Omega 10(25):26669\u201326683","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2368_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154824","volume":"115","author":"A Fernandes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandes A et al (2023) A systematic review of natural products for skin applications: targeting inflammation, wound healing, and photo-aging. Phytomedicine 115:154824","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2368_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5861537","author":"SA Gabr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gabr SA, Alghadir AH (2019) Evaluation of the biological effects of lyophilized hydrophilic extract of Rhus coriaria on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, wound healing, and microbial infections of skin wound tissues. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/5861537","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"2368_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7726","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901725p","volume":"57","author":"A Giangaspero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giangaspero A et al (2009) Topical anti-inflammatory activity of eupatilin, a lipophilic flavonoid from mountain wormwood (Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.). J Agric Food Chem 57(17):7726\u20137730","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2368_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-021-03694-1","volume":"247","author":"M Grassia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grassia M et al (2021) Chemical composition and microencapsulation suitability of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit extract. Eur Food Res Technol 247(5):1133\u20131148","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2368_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050270","volume":"47","author":"DE Griswold","year":"1998","unstructured":"Griswold DE et al (1998) Evaluation of the cutaneous anti-inflammatory activity of azaspiranes. Inflamm Res 47(2):56\u201361","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2368_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab120","volume":"74","author":"F Hashem-Dabaghian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hashem-Dabaghian F et al (2022) Rhus coriaria L., a new candidate for controlling metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 74(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2368_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9305-9","volume":"35","author":"V Ivetic Tkalcevic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ivetic Tkalcevic V et al (2012) Topical azithromycin and clarithromycin inhibit acute and chronic skin inflammation in sensitized mice, with apparent selectivity for Th2-mediated processes in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Inflammation 35(1):192\u2013205","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2368_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111829","volume":"238","author":"S Khalilpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalilpour S et al (2019) In vitro evidences of the traditional use of Rhus coriaria L. fruits against skin inflammatory conditions. J Ethnopharmacol 238:111829","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2368_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e9","volume":"18","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim HJ et al (2018) Optimization of cytokine milieu to reproduce atopic dermatitis-related gene expression in HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Immune Netw 18(2):e9","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"2368_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.09.049","volume":"103","author":"M Kosar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kosar M et al (2007) Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts. Food Chem 103(3):952\u2013959","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2368_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010057","author":"S Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee S et al (2019) Anti-atopic effect of acorn shell extract on atopic dermatitis-like lesions in mice and its active phytochemicals. Biomolecules (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10010057","journal-title":"Biomolecules (Basel)"},{"key":"2368_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crtox.2024.100184","volume":"7","author":"G Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao G et al (2024) Investigation of inflammatory mechanisms induced by croton oil in mouse ear. Curr Res Toxicol 7:100184","journal-title":"Curr Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2368_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091757","author":"G Martinelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinelli G et al (2022) The nutraceutical properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) against gastritis: antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14091757","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2368_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12234359","author":"E Mazzara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mazzara E et al (2023) Phytochemical investigation of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruits from different Sicilian accessions. Foods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12234359"},{"key":"2368_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040292","author":"E Nozza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nozza E et al (2020) Rhus coriaria L. fruit extract prevents UV-A-induced genotoxicity and oxidative injury in human microvascular endothelial cells. Antioxidants. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9040292","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2368_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169279","author":"S Piazza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piazza S et al (2022) Unveiling the ability of witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana L.) bark extract to impair keratinocyte inflammatory cascade typical of atopic eczema. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23169279","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2368_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2535-1655","volume":"91","author":"AJ Rodriguez-Castillo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Castillo AJ et al (2025) Anti-inflammatory potential of plants of genus Rhus: decrease in inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo\u2014a systematic review. Planta Med 91(5):238\u2013258","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"2368_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121671","author":"T Roy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roy T et al (2023) The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and associated signaling pathways as molecular drivers of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases: update on therapeutic strategy using natural and synthetic compounds. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12121671","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"2368_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00253-2","volume":"83","author":"O Said","year":"2002","unstructured":"Said O et al (2002) Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. J Ethnopharmacol 83(3):251\u2013265","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2368_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020247","author":"J Salazar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salazar J et al (2025) Role of polyphenols in dermatological diseases: exploring pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18020247","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2368_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62528-8","volume":"14","author":"P Scarano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scarano P et al (2024) Rhus coriaria L. in tradition and innovation like natural dye. Sci Rep 14(1):12068","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2368_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(91)90072-L","volume":"35","author":"E Sezik","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sezik E et al (1991) Traditional medicine in Turkey. I. Folk medicine in northeast Anatolia. J Ethnopharmacol 35(2):191\u2013196","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"28","key":"2368_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.90410","volume":"7","author":"MM Shabana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shabana MM et al (2011) Bioactive constituents from Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. and Rhus coriaria L. Pharmacogn Mag 7(28):298\u2013306","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2368_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00034-6","volume":"5","author":"S Singla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singla S et al (2023) Association between biological immunotherapy for psoriasis and time to incident inflammatory arthritis: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 5(4):e200\u2013e207","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2368_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.02.007","volume":"12","author":"S Sosa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sosa S et al (2005) Extracts and constituents of Lavandula multifida with topical anti-inflammatory activity. Phytomedicine 12(4):271\u2013277","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2368_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-019-00077-9","volume":"13","author":"H Tohma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tohma H et al (2019) Measurement of anticancer, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties of sumac (Rhus coriaria): analysis of its phenolic compounds by LC\u2013MS\/MS. J Food Meas Charact 13(2):1607\u20131619","journal-title":"J Food Meas Charact"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2368_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01778311","volume":"44","author":"H Towbin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Towbin H, Pignat W, Wiesenberg I (1995) Time-dependent cytokine production in the croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema and inhibition by prednisolone. Inflamm Res 44(Suppl 2):S160\u2013S161","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2368_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01982641","volume":"17","author":"A Tubaro","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tubaro A et al (1986) The croton oil ear test revisited. Agents Actions 17(3\u20134):347\u2013349","journal-title":"Agents Actions"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:13:34Z","timestamp":1788963214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02368-2","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3390\/foods12234359","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Study approval statement:\n                      This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the University Body for Animal Well-being (OPBA) of the University of Trieste and the Italian Ministry of Health, Decree 826\/2021-PR of 28th October 2021\n                      .\"\u00a0The study was reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}