{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:40:34Z","timestamp":1792197634620,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:55:49Z","timestamp":1788159349000},"page":"6579-6603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated network pharmacology and experimental investigation of the potential therapeutic effect of \u03b2-sitosterol in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0655-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rikngam","family":"Gibo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purbajit","family":"Chetia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3137-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Hmangte","family":"Kom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apurba","family":"Talukdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","volume":"1","author":"MJ Abraham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abraham MJ, Murtola T, Schulz R et al (2015) GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers. SoftwareX 1(2):19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"2375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.15584\/ejcem.2024.1.12","volume":"22","author":"AB Ahmed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed AB, Chetia P (2024) Selegiline modulates inflammatory indicators in RAW 264.7 macrophages and LPS-aggravated CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Eur J Clin Exp Med 22:6\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15584\/ejcem.2024.1.12","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28981","author":"S Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali S, Paul S, Yakkali S et al (2022) Glucocorticoids-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.28981","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ameer MA, Chaudhry H, Mushtaq J, et al (2022) An overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, classification, and management. Cureus 14:","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30330"},{"key":"2375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105827","volume":"92","author":"L Arnaud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arnaud L, Fabry-Vendrand C, Todea R et al (2025) Economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in France: a nationwide population-based study using the French medico-administrative (SNDS) claims database. Jt Bone Spine 92:105827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105827","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"key":"2375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152804","volume":"457","author":"N Banerjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banerjee N, Wang H, Wang G et al (2021) Redox-sensitive Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways contribute to trichloroethene-mediated autoimmune disease progression. Toxicology 457:152804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152804","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","volume":"17","author":"MRW Barber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barber MRW, Drenkard C, Falasinnu T et al (2021) Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 17:515\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00212-9","volume":"7","author":"F Basta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basta F, Fasola F, Triantafyllias K, Schwarting A (2020) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) therapy: the old and the new. Rheumatol Ther 7:433\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40744-020-00212-9","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"2375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","volume":"28","author":"HM Berman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berman HM (2000) The protein data bank. Nucleic Acids Res 28:235\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9241090","author":"Y Bi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bi Y, Liang H, Han X et al (2023) \u03b2\u2010Sitosterol suppresses LPS\u2010induced cytokine production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via MAPKs and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/9241090","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1021\/ct900549r","volume":"6","author":"P Bjelkmar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bjelkmar P, Larsson P, Cuendet MA et al (2010) Implementation of the CHARMM force field in GROMACS: analysis of protein stability effects from correction maps, virtual interaction sites, and water models. J Chem Theory Comput 6:459\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ct900549r","journal-title":"J Chem Theory Comput"},{"key":"2375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo110165","volume":"2","author":"SP Brooks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooks SP, Trueman RC, Dunnett SB (2012) Assessment of motor coordination and balance in mice using the rotarod, elevated bridge, and footprint tests. Curr Protoc Mouse Biol 2:37\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470942390.mo110165","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Mouse Biol"},{"key":"2375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206016","volume":"11","author":"F Ceccarelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ceccarelli F, Govoni M, Piga M et al (2022) Arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: from 2022 International GISEA\/OEG symposium. J Clin Med 11:6016","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","author":"C-H Chin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chin C-H, Chen S-H, Wu H-H et al (2014) CytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"2375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4324-2025240161","author":"P Chutia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chutia P, Chetia P, Mustaque AS et al (2025) Linalool Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Rats with CFA-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis. Brazilian Arch Biol Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1678-4324-2025240161","journal-title":"Brazilian Arch Biol Technol"},{"key":"2375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/549691","author":"A Croasdell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Croasdell A, Duffney PF, Kim N et al (2015) PPAR \u03b3 and the innate immune system mediate the resolution of inflammation. PPAR Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/549691","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"2375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","volume":"10","author":"X Dai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai X, Fan Y, Zhao X (2025) Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2375_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W357","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz382","volume":"47","author":"A Daina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V (2019) SwissTargetPrediction: updated data and new features for efficient prediction of protein targets of small molecules. Nucleic Acids Res 47:W357\u2013W364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz382","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dallakyan S, Olson AJ (2015) Small-Molecule Library Screening by Docking with PyRx. pp 243\u2013250","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19"},{"key":"2375_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10089","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464397","volume":"98","author":"T Darden","year":"1993","unstructured":"Darden T, York D, Pedersen L (1993) Particle mesh Ewald: an N \u22c5log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems. J Chem Phys 98:10089\u201310092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.464397","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"2375_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092508","volume":"19","author":"S Dudics","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dudics S, Langan D, Meka RR et al (2018) Natural products for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis: their mechanisms of action, targeted delivery, and interplay with the host microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 19:2508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19092508","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2375_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2025.2594828","author":"Y Fujieda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fujieda Y (2025) Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: pathophysiology and current insights. Immunol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25785826.2025.2594828","journal-title":"Immunol Med"},{"key":"2375_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00481-0","volume":"12","author":"A G\u00f3mez Afonso","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez Afonso A, Fernandez-Lazaro D, Adams DP et al (2023) Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on hematological and biochemical markers, hormonal behavior, and oxidant response in healthy adults: a systematic review. Curr Nutr Rep 12:465\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13668-023-00481-0","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"2375_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142894","volume":"14","author":"Y-S Hah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hah Y-S, Lee WK, Lee S et al (2022) \u03b2-Sitosterol attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via regulating FoxO1-dependent signaling in C2C12 cell and mice model. Nutrients 14:2894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14142894","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2375_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1063\/1.445869","volume":"79","author":"WL Jorgensen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jorgensen WL, Chandrasekhar J, Madura JD et al (1983) Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water. J Chem Phys 79:926\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.445869","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"key":"2375_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/flupu.2026.1466123","author":"S Kakkerla","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kakkerla S, Kavela S, Chintalapani S (2026) Evaluating the efficacy of SK1217 in attenuating pristane-induced lupus in mice. Front Lupus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/flupu.2026.1466123","journal-title":"Front Lupus"},{"key":"2375_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5535562","author":"S Kasirzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kasirzadeh S, Ghahremani MH, Setayesh N et al (2021) \u03b2 -Sitosterol Alters the Inflammatory Response in CLP Rat Model of Sepsis by Modulation of NF \u03ba B Signaling. Biomed Res Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5535562","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2375_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110117","volume":"365","author":"Z Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan Z, Nath N, Rauf A et al (2022) Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of \u03b2-sitosterol: emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem Biol Interact 365:110117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110117","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"2375_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1516","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1059","volume":"53","author":"S Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T et al (2025) PubChem 2025 update. Nucleic Acids Res 53:D1516\u2013D1525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae1059","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115738","volume":"29","author":"W Lan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lan W, Lu Q, Jiang Z et al (2026) From pathogenesis to precision medicine in systemic lupus erythematosus: emerging biomarkers and targeted interventions. iScience 29:115738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2026.115738","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2375_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313492869","volume":"22","author":"H Leiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leiss H, Niederreiter B, Bandur T et al (2013) Pristane-induced lupus as a model of human lupus arthritis: evolvement of autoantibodies, internal organ and joint inflammation. Lupus 22:778\u2013792","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2375_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.376","volume":"5","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Chen J, Hao X et al (2024) A systematic review of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, health benefits, and processing to application. Food Front 5:1188\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fft2.376","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"key":"2375_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517002227","volume":"120","author":"J MacArthur Clark","year":"2018","unstructured":"MacArthur Clark J (2018) The 3Rs in research: a contemporary approach to replacement, reduction and refinement. Br J Nutr 120:S1\u2013S7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114517002227","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2375_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1764","volume":"201","author":"L Marcocci","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marcocci L, Maguire JJ, Droylefaix MT, Packer L (1994) The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 201:748\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1764","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2375_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.15584\/ejcem.2026.1.10","volume":"24","author":"J Mochahari","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mochahari J, Gibo R, Syiem P, Chetia P (2026) Humanized NSG mice \u2012 a modern approach to modelling systemic lupus erythematosus in preclinical research. Eur J Clin Exp Med 24:181\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15584\/ejcem.2026.1.10","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2375_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","volume":"46","author":"M Nishikimi","year":"1972","unstructured":"Nishikimi M, Appaji Rao N, Yagi K (1972) The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 46:849\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2375_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70022","author":"L Ostendorf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ostendorf L, Garantziotis P, Huang FY et al (2025) Neutrophil heterogeneity identifies an association of LAMP1 with proliferative lupus nephritis. Eur J Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.70022","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2375_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00229-3","volume":"16","author":"L Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan L, Lu M-P, Wang J-H et al (2020) Immunological pathogenesis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. World J Pediatr 16:19\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12519-019-00229-3","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"2375_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2019.11.006","volume":"225","author":"N Pannu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pannu N, Bhatnagar A (2020) Oxidative stress and immune complexes: pathogenic mechanisms in pristane induced murine model of lupus. Immunobiol 225:151871","journal-title":"Immunobiol"},{"key":"2375_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","volume":"25","author":"EF Pettersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC et al (2004) UCSF Chimera\u2014a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J Comput Chem 25:1605\u20131612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.20084","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"2375_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz1021","author":"J Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ero J, Ram\u00edrez-Anguita JM, Sa\u00fcch-Pitarch J et al (2019) The DisGeNET knowledge platform for disease genomics: 2019 update. Nucleic Acids Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz1021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.816477","author":"K Qian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qian K, Zheng X-X, Wang C et al (2022) \u03b2-Sitosterol Inhibits Rheumatoid Synovial Angiogenesis Through Suppressing VEGF Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.816477","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2375_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5812-9_2","volume-title":"Practical guide to life science databases","author":"M Safran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Safran M, Rosen N, Twik M et al (2021) The GeneCards suite. Practical guide to life science databases. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp 27\u201356"},{"key":"2375_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02582","volume":"27","author":"RA Salaam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salaam RA, Afolayan FID, Olaniyi DA et al (2025) In silico repurposing of FDA-approved drugs as multi-target inhibitors of glioblastoma. Sci African 27:e02582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sciaf.2025.e02582","journal-title":"Sci African"},{"key":"2375_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2341","volume":"180","author":"M Satoh","year":"1994","unstructured":"Satoh M, Reeves WH (1994) Induction of lupus-associated autoantibodies in BALB\/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of pristane. J Exp Med 180:2341\u20132346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.180.6.2341","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2375_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0156-8","volume":"15","author":"N Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz N, Stock AD, Putterman C (2019) Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 15:137\u2013152","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2375_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202502362","author":"Y Sha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sha Y, Tian Y, Bhutta NK et al (2025) Natural products for regulation of autoimmune diseases: chemical diversity, pharmacology, and therapeutic applications. Chem Biodivers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202502362","journal-title":"Chem Biodivers"},{"key":"2375_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00337-9","volume":"6","author":"A Shahzad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahzad A, Ni Y, Yang Y et al (2025) Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in health and disease. Mol Biomed 6:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43556-025-00337-9","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"2375_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","volume":"13","author":"P Shannon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O et al (2003) Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 13:2498\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.1239303","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2375_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","volume":"50","author":"BT Sherman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sherman BT, Hao M, Qiu J et al (2022) DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update). Nucleic Acids Res 50:W216\u2013W221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkac194","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7532306","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Gao L, Hou W, Wu J (2020) \u03b2 -sitosterol alleviates inflammatory response via inhibiting the activation of ERK\/p38 and NF- \u03ba B pathways in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Biomed Res Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7532306","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2375_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0125899775426640251207124057","author":"P Syiem","year":"2026","unstructured":"Syiem P, Chetia P, Gibo R et al (2026) Evolving paradigms in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: an exhaustive review with special emphasis on pharmaceuticals in clinical trials. Curr Drug Res Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0125899775426640251207124057","journal-title":"Curr Drug Res Rev"},{"key":"2375_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D730","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1113","volume":"53","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Nastou K, Koutrouli M et al (2025) The STRING database in 2025: protein networks with directionality of regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 53:D730\u2013D737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae1113","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2375_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294236","volume":"18","author":"D Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang D, Chen M, Huang X et al (2023) SRplot: a free online platform for data visualization and graphing. PLoS ONE 18:e0294236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0294236","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2375_CR55","unstructured":"Test No. 423: (2002) Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method. OECD"},{"key":"2375_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0122103155341864250108062025","author":"R Thakuria","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thakuria R, Chetia P, Mustaque AS (2025) Potential plant-based remedies for gouty arthritis: a comprehensive review on counterweighing the inflammatory pathways. Nat Prod J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0122103155341864250108062025","journal-title":"Nat Prod J"},{"key":"2375_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.44","volume":"2","author":"AA Walf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walf AA, Frye CA (2007) The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents. Nat Protoc 2:322\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2007.44","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2375_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109366","volume":"258","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Lu J, Qu H et al (2022) \u03b2-Carotene extracted from <italic>Blakeslea trispora<\/italic> attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory, hepatic injury and immune damage induced by copper sulfate in zebrafish (<italic>Danio rerio<\/italic>). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 258:109366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2022.109366","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2375_CR59","first-page":"327","volume":"57","author":"LAD Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams LAD, O\u2019Connar A, Latore L et al (2008) The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals. West Indian Med J 57:327\u2013331","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"2375_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114470","volume":"152","author":"Y Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu Y, Ge H, Zhao H et al (2025) The active ingredient \u03b2-sitosterol in the anti-inflammatory agents alleviates perianal inflammation in rats by inhibiting the expression of Srebf2, activating the PPAR signaling pathway, and altering the composition of gut microbiota. Int Immunopharmacol 152:114470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114470","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2375_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03022-w","volume":"25","author":"X Yi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yi X, Huang C, Huang C et al (2023) Fecal microbiota from MRL\/lpr mice exacerbates pristane-induced lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 25:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03022-w","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2375_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03577-2","volume":"39","author":"K Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang K, Guo R-Q, Chen S-W et al (2021) The efficacy and safety of <italic>Serenoa repens<\/italic> extract for the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. World J Urol 39:3489\u20133495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03577-2","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"2375_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1538-9","volume":"11","author":"T Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou T, Liao C, Li H-Y et al (2020) Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 11:48","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2375_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rai2.12164","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Yang B, Long H et al (2025) Immune cell alterations in a pristane\u2010induced lupus model in C57BL\/6J mice. Rheumatol Autoimmunity. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rai2.12164","journal-title":"Rheumatol Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2375_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21816","volume":"32","author":"V Zoete","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zoete V, Cuendet MA, Grosdidier A, Michielin O (2011) SwissParam: a fast force field generation tool for small organic molecules. J Comput Chem 32:2359\u20132368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.21816","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"}],"container-title":["Inflammopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1792194924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-026-02375-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-4692","1568-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-4692","type":"print"},{"value":"1568-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical clearance for the animal experiment was received from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati, Assam, India bearing the approval No: NIPS\/AH\/25\/04.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}