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Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been largely adopted in the clinical setting for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, their known retinal toxicity has raised some safety concerns, especially considering the higher-dosage employed for COVID-19 patients as compared with their suggested posology for their usual indications, including systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>In this review, we will discuss the optimal dosages recommended for COVID-19 patients when treated with HCQ and CQ.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase and Scopus, by using the following search terms: \"chloroquine retinal toxicity\" and \"hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity\" alone or in combination with \"coronavirus\", \"COVID-19\", \" SARS-CoV-2 infection \" from inception to August 2020.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although there is still no consistent evidence about HCQ\/CQ retinal toxicity in patients with COVID-19, these possible drug-related retinal adverse events may represent a major safety concern. For this reason, appropriate screening strategies, including telemedicine, should be developed in the near future.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A possible future clinical perspective for patients with COVID-19 treated with HCQ\/CQ could reside in the multidisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists monitoring the risk of HCQ\/CQ-related retinal toxicity and those physicians treating COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01593-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T13:15:03Z","timestamp":1600434903000},"page":"719-725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinal safety concerns during COVID-19 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Nicol\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ferro Desideri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Enrico","family":"Traverso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1593_CR1","first-page":"157","volume":"91","author":"D Cucinotta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cucinotta D, Vanelli M (2020) WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. 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