{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:46:59Z","timestamp":1786870019947,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1605002572000},"page":"825-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of age and binarising area on choroidal vascularity index in healthy eyes: an optical coherence tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8811-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurullah","family":"Ko\u00e7ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Suba\u015f\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkan","family":"Yeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1636_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.02.007","volume":"61","author":"KA Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan KA, Gupta P, Agarwal A, Chhablani J, Cheng CY, Keane PA, Agrawal R (2016) State of science: choroidal thickness and systemic health. Surv Ophthalmol 61(5):566\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.02.007","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1636_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.012","volume":"118","author":"SE Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung SE, Kang SW, Lee JH, Kim YT (2011) Choroidal thickness in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 118(5):840\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1636_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1620-1","volume":"249","author":"H Koizumi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koizumi H, Yamagishi T, Yamazaki T, Kawasaki R, Kinoshita S (2011) Subfoveal choroidal thickness in typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 249(8):1123\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-011-1620-1","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1636_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.021","volume":"152","author":"A Wood","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wood A, Binns A, Margrain T, Drexler W, Pova\u017eay B, Esmaeelpour M, Sheen N (2011) Retinal and choroidal thickness in early age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 152(6):1030-1038.e1032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1636_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181be0a83","volume":"29","author":"Y Imamura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Imamura Y, Fujiwara T, Margolis R, Spaide RF (2009) Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 29(10):1469\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181be0a83","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"1636_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820f4b39","volume":"31","author":"I Maruko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Ojima A, Sekiryu T (2011) Subfoveal choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 31(8):1603\u20131608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31820f4b39","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"1636_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.013","volume":"116","author":"T Ueta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ueta T, Obata R, Inoue Y, Iriyama A, Takahashi H, Yamaguchi T, Tamaki Y, Yanagi Y (2009) Background comparison of typical age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese patients. Ophthalmology 116(12):2400\u20132406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1636_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01563-4","volume":"110","author":"PE Stanga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stanga PE, Lim JI, Hamilton P (2003) Indocyanine green angiography in chorioretinal diseases indications and interpretation an evidence-based update. Ophthalmology 110(1):15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(02)01563-4","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1636_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.04.029","volume":"148","author":"T Fujiwara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, Margolis R, Slakter JS, Spaide RF (2009) Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in highly myopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 148(3):445\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.04.029","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1636_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3325","volume":"50","author":"Y Ikuno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ikuno Y, Tano Y (2009) Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50(8):3876\u20133880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.08-3325","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1636_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.010","volume":"147","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spaide RF (2009) Age-related choroidal atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 147(5):801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1636_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.023","volume":"117","author":"I Maruko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Ojima A, Ogasawara M, Spaide RF (2010) Subfoveal choroidal thickness after treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmology 117(9):1792\u20131799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1636_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090","volume":"6","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Gupta P, Tan KA, Cheung CM, Wong TY, Cheng CY (2016) Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study. Sci Rep 6:21090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep21090","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1636_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.005","volume":"159","author":"S Sonoda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sonoda S, Sakamoto T, Yamashita T, Uchino E, Kawano H, Yoshihara N, Terasaki H, Shirasawa M, Tomita M, Ishibashi T (2015) Luminal and stromal areas of choroid determined by binarization method of optical coherence tomographic images. Am J Ophthalmol 159(6):1123-1131.e1121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1636_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001040","volume":"36","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Chhablani J, Tan KA, Shah S, Sarvaiya C, Banker A (2016) Choroidal vascularity index in central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 36(9):1646\u20131651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001040","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"1636_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318814196","volume":"28","author":"A A\u011f\u0131n","year":"2019","unstructured":"A\u011f\u0131n A, Kaday\u0131f\u00e7\u0131lar S, S\u00f6nmez HE, Baytaro\u011flu A, Demir S, Sa\u011f E, \u00d6zen S, Eldem B (2019) Evaluation of choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity index and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 28(1):44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203318814196","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1636_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25764","volume":"60","author":"X Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei X, Kumar S, Ding J, Khandelwal N, Agarwal M, Agrawal R (2019) Choroidal structural changes in smokers measured using choroidal vascularity index. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60(5):1316\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-25764","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1636_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001571","volume":"38","author":"J Ruiz-Medrano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruiz-Medrano J, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Goud A, Vupparaboina KK, Jana S, Chhablani J (2018) Age-related changes in choroidal vascular density of healthy subjects based on image binarization of swept-source optical coherence tomography. Retina 38(3):508\u2013515","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"1636_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.032","volume":"146","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC (2008) Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 146(4):496\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.032","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1636_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447303300309","volume":"33","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fleiss JL, Cohen J (1973) The equivalence of weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient as measures of reliability. Educ Psychol Measur 33(3):613\u2013619","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Measur"},{"issue":"4","key":"1636_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.4.7","volume":"5","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Li LKH, Nakhate V, Khandelwal N, Mahendradas P (2016) Choroidal vascularity index in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: an EDI-OCT derived tool for monitoring disease progression. Transl vision Sci Technol 5(4):7\u20137","journal-title":"Transl vision Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1636_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146344","volume":"11","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Salman M, Tan K-A, Karampelas M, Sim DA, Keane PA, Pavesio C (2016) Choroidal vascularity index (CVI)-a novel optical coherence tomography parameter for monitoring patients with panuveitis? PLoS ONE 11(1):e0146344","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"1636_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.066","volume":"120","author":"LA Branchini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Branchini LA, Adhi M, Regatieri CV, Nandakumar N, Liu JJ, Laver N, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS (2013) Analysis of choroidal morphologic features and vasculature in healthy eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 120(9):1901\u20131908","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1636_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14447","volume":"55","author":"S Sonoda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonoda S, Sakamoto T, Yamashita T, Shirasawa M, Uchino E, Terasaki H, Tomita M (2014) Choroidal structure in normal eyes and after photodynamic therapy determined by binarization of optical coherence tomographic images. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55(6):3893\u20133899","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1636_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31982-7","volume":"99","author":"TL van der Schaft","year":"1992","unstructured":"van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, de Bruijn WC, Oron FG, Mulder PG, de Jong PT (1992) Histologic features of the early stages of age-related macular degeneration: a statistical analysis. Ophthalmology 99(2):278\u2013286","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1636_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90064-K","volume":"63","author":"SS Sobin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sobin SS, Bernick S, Ballard KW (1992) Histochemical characterization of the aging microvasculature in the human and other mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates by the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Mech Ageing Dev 63(2):183\u2013192","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1636_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.10.004","volume":"133","author":"N Toda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Toda N (2012) Age-related changes in endothelial function and blood flow regulation. Pharmacol Ther 133(2):159\u2013176","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1636_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183802","volume":"75","author":"KR Stenmark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El Kasmi KC, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya EV, Li M, Riddle SR, Frid MG (2013) The adventitia: essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function. Annu Rev Physiol 75:23\u201347","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1636_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960040226014","volume":"69","author":"E Friedman","year":"1963","unstructured":"Friedman E, SMITH TR, KUWABARA T, (1963) Senile choroidal vascular patterns and drusen. Arch Ophthalmol 69(2):220\u2013230","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1636_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13754","volume":"55","author":"EH Sohn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sohn EH, Khanna A, Tucker BA, Abramoff MD, Stone EM, Mullins RF (2014) Structural and biochemical analyses of choroidal thickness in human donor eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55(3):1352\u20131360","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1636_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13522","volume":"55","author":"A Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar A, Zhao L, Fariss RN, McMenamin PG, Wong WT (2014) Vascular associations and dynamic process motility in perivascular myeloid cells of the mouse choroid: implications for function and senescent change. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55(3):1787\u20131796","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1636_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.06.016","volume":"193","author":"SR Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh SR, Invernizzi A, Rasheed MA, Cagini C, Goud A, Vupparaboina KK, Cozzi M, Lupidi M, Chhablani J (2018) Wide-field choroidal vascularity in healthy eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 193:100\u2013105","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1636_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e770","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13442","volume":"95","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Wei X, Goud A, Vupparaboina KK, Jana S, Chhablani J (2017) Influence of scanning area on choroidal vascularity index measurement using optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol 95(8):e770\u2013e775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13442","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1636_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.39","volume":"4","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hayreh SS (1990) In vivo choroidal circulation and its watershed zones. Eye 4(2):273\u2013289","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"7","key":"1636_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24296","volume":"60","author":"N Kakiuchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kakiuchi N, Terasaki H, Sonoda S, Shiihara H, Yamashita T, Tomita M, Shinohara Y, Sakoguchi T, Iwata K, Sakamoto T (2019) Regional differences of choroidal structure determined by wide-field optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60(7):2614\u20132622","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T16:04:18Z","timestamp":1615305858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01636-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5701","1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5701","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}