{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:08:45Z","timestamp":1790770125669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013153","name":"shantou science and technology project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-66"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013153","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the spatial relationship between macular superficial vessel density (SVD) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in primary angle closure glaucoma\u00a0(PACG), and to investigate diagnostic abilities of macular SVD and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study on 38 PACG patients (38 eyes) and 25 healthy subjects (25 eyes). Macular region was imaged using a 1050-nm-wavelength swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) system (DRI OCT Triton, TOPCON). Vessel density of the macular region was quantified by ImageJ software. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses and macular GCIPL thickness were obtained by swept-source OCT. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the spatial positional relationship between macular SVD and macular GCIPL thickness. At the same time, the correlation between macular SVD and pRNFL thickness was evaluated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) of OCT, OCTA and FAZ measurement metrics were calculated to assess the diagnostic ability for glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Macular GCIPL thickness had a moderate correlation with the macular SVD in the inferonasal sector (r\u2009=\u20090.426,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). In addition, there was a strong correlation between inferonasal sector of macular vessel density and 5,6,7,8 clock-hour regions of the pRNFL thicknesses (all r\u2009&gt;\u20090.5). Inferoinferior sector of macular SVD and 6,7 clock-hour regions of pRNFL thicknesses also had strong correlation (all r\u2009&gt;\u20090.5). The AUCs of macular SVD ranged between 0.61 (superonasal sector) and 0.76 (inferoinferior sector). The FAZ circularity index showed the highest diagnostic power (AUC\u2009=\u20090.94;95% CI, 0.85\u20130.99), followed by superotemporal sector of macular GCIPL thicknesses (0.93;95% CI,0.83\u20130.98).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sector of macular SVD not only had a spatial positional correlation with corresponding macular GCIPL thickness, but also with clock-hour regional pRNFL thicknesses in PACG eyes. FAZ circulation index might be a useful diagnostic parameter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T23:49:31Z","timestamp":1628984971000},"page":"103-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spatial positional relationship between macular superficial vessel density and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in primary angle closure glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yongdong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","volume":"90","author":"HA Quigley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quigley HA, Broman AT (2006) The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 90:262\u2013267","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.083733","volume":"90","author":"TY Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong TY, Loon SC, Saw SM (2006) The epidemiology of age related eye diseases in Asia. Br J Ophthalmol 90:506\u2013511","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","volume":"121","author":"YC Tham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng CY (2014) Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 121:2081\u20132090","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3593-1","volume":"255","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X, Jiang C, Kong X, Yu X, Sun X (2017) Peripapillary retinal vessel density in eyes with acute primary angle closure: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255:1013\u20131018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309377","volume":"101","author":"HL Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao HL, Kadambi SV, Weinreb RN et al (2017) Diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 101:1066\u20131070","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62633-4","volume":"10","author":"TY Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou TY, Kuang TM, Ko YC, Chang YF, Liu CJ, Chen MJ (2020) Optic Disc and Macular Vessel Density Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Open-Angle and Angle-Closure Glaucoma. Sci Rep 10:5608","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen J, Kong X, Sun X (2020) Quantification of Retinal Microvascular Density Using Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography in Primary Angle Closure Disease. Curr Eye Res 46: 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1849728"},{"key":"2005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903000103","volume":"300","author":"CA Curcio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Curcio CA, Allen KA (1990) Topography of ganglion cells in human retina. J Comp Neurol 300:5\u201325","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302242","volume":"98","author":"M Francoz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Francoz M, Fenolland JR, Giraud JM et al (2014) Reproducibility of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measurement with cirrus HD-OCT in normal, hypertensive and glaucomatous eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 98:322\u2013328","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-2828","volume":"8","author":"M Aghsaei Fard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aghsaei Fard M, Ritch R (2020) Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. Ann Transl Med 8:1204","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0234816","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234816","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Xu Z, Liu Q, Chen X, Li L (2020) Comparisons of retinal vessel density and glaucomatous parameters in optical coherence tomography angiography. PLoS One 15:e0234816","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73223-9","volume":"10","author":"K Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu K, Xu H, Jiang H et al (2020) Macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone parameters in patients after acute primary angle closure determined by OCT angiography. Sci Rep 10:18717","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.08.003","volume":"32","author":"DC Hood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hood DC, Raza AS, de Moraes CG, Liebmann JM, Ritch R (2013) Glaucomatous damage of the macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 32:1\u201321","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"2005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7005","volume":"52","author":"S Tick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tick S, Rossant F, Ghorbel I et al (2011) Foveal shape and structure in a normal population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:5105\u20135110","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01621-z","volume":"41","author":"GW Oliverio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliverio GW, Ceravolo I, Bhatti A, Trombetta CJ (2021) Foveal avascular zone analysis by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes and without clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 41:649\u2013658","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00156415","volume":"19","author":"MB Parodi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parodi MB, Visintin F, Della Rupe P, Ravalico G (1995) Foveal avascular zone in macular branch retinal vein occlusion. Int Ophthalmol 19:25\u201328","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184948","volume":"12","author":"J Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi J, Kwon J, Shin JW, Lee J, Lee S, Kook MS (2017) Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of macular vascular structure and foveal avascular zone in glaucoma. PLoS One 12:e0184948","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000888","volume":"27","author":"GM Richter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richter GM, Madi I, Chu Z et al (2018) Structural and functional associations of macular microcirculation in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Glaucoma 27:281\u2013290","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"2005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313732","volume":"104","author":"JS Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JS, Kim YK, Baek SU et al (2020) Topographic correlation between macular superficial microvessel density and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in glaucoma-suspect and early normal-tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 104:104\u2013109","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25421","volume":"60","author":"S Ballae Ganeshrao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ballae Ganeshrao S, Senthil S, Choudhari N, Sri Durgam S, Garudadri CS (2019) Comparison of visual field progression rates among the high tension glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, and normal tension glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:889\u2013900","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S Chansangpetch, SC Lin (2018) Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma Care. Curr Eye Res 43: 1067\u20131082","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1475013"},{"key":"2005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000442771","volume":"56","author":"PE Stanga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stanga PE, Tsamis E, Papayannis A, Stringa F, Cole T, Jalil A (2016) Swept-source optical coherence tomography angio (Topcon Corp, Japan): technology review. Dev Ophthalmol 56:13\u201317","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mase T, Ishibazawa A, Nagaoka T, Yokota H, Yoshida A. Radial Peripapillary Capillary Network Visualized Using Wide-Field Montage Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016;57: 504\u2013510","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18877"},{"key":"2005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.31","volume":"7","author":"T Shoji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shoji T, Yoshikawa Y, Kanno J et al (2018) Reproducibility of macular vessel density calculations via imaging with two different swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography systems. Transl Vis Sci Technol 7:31","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"2005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.09.049","volume":"121","author":"M Okada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okada M, Hersh D, Paul E, van der Straaten D (2014) Effect of centration and circularity of manual capsulorrhexis on cataract surgery refractive outcomes. Ophthalmology 121:763\u2013770","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2005_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.047","volume":"120","author":"A Domalpally","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domalpally A, Danis RP, White J et al (2013) Circularity index as a risk factor for progression of geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology 120:2666\u20132671","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2005_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310869","volume":"102","author":"KE Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim KE, Park KH (2018) Macular imaging by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 102:718\u2013724","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000488495","volume":"60","author":"L Van Melkebeke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Melkebeke L, Barbosa-Breda J, Huygens M, Stalmans I (2018) Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma: a review. Ophthalmic Res 60:139\u2013151","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"2005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.10.008","volume":"124","author":"WA Samara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samara WA, Shahlaee A, Adam MK et al (2017) Quantification of diabetic macular ischemia using optical coherence tomography angiography and its relationship with visual acuity. Ophthalmology 124:235\u2013244","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T10:14:59Z","timestamp":1643624099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02005-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-635259\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0165-5701","1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5701","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shantou city, China). The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}