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We investigated changes in the retina and choroid of patients with PD using optical coherence tomography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined 14 patients with PD and 22 patients without PD. Patients without PD had no ophthalmic disease other than cataracts. In addition, it was also confirmed that there was no neurodegenerative disease. The retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer\u2009+\u2009inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness were compared between both groups. Additionally, the choroidal image was divided into the choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area using the binarization method, and the area of each region and the percentage of luminal area in the choroid area were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with PD had a significantly thinner ganglion cell layer\u2009+\u2009inner plexiform layer compared to those without PD. The choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area were significantly decreased in patients with PD compared to those without PD. Seven patients with PD who were successfully followed up showed decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and interstitial area after 3\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autonomic nervous disorders and neurodegeneration in PD can cause thinning of the retina and choroid, as well as a reduction in the choroid area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02133-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T14:02:36Z","timestamp":1638453756000},"page":"1437-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Investigation of the pathophysiology of the retina and choroid in Parkinson's disease by optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5267-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Kamata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Satou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Niida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Mukuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-008-0453-4","volume":"18","author":"N Hori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hori N, Takamori M, Hirayama M, Watanabe H, Nakamura T, Yamashita F, Ito H, Mabuchi N, Sobue G (2008) Pupillary supersensitivity and visual disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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The procedures used in this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the International University of Health and Welfare Hospital (approval number 13-B-237).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent to publish was obtained from all participants.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}