{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:59:36Z","timestamp":1792447176874,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T11:03:52Z","timestamp":1663326232000},"page":"1175-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Efficacy and Safety evaluation of a single thermal pulsation system treatment (Lipiflow\u00ae) on meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Zhu","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruibo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaozhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","volume":"15","author":"JP Craig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK et al (2017) TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. Ocul Surf 15:276\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2516_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","volume":"15","author":"F Stapleton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY et al (2017) TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf 15:334\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2516_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997g","volume":"52","author":"G Geerling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geerling G, Tauber J, Baudouin C et al (2011) The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on management and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:2050\u20132064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-6997g","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001476","volume":"37","author":"PK Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta PK, Stevens MN, Kashyap N et al (2018) Prevalence of meibomian gland atrophy in a pediatric population. Cornea 37:426\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001476","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b","volume":"52","author":"JD Nelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelson JD, Shimazaki J, Benitez-del-Castillo JM et al (2011) The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the defnition and classifcation subcommittee. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:1930\u20131937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-6997b","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.08.015","volume":"1859","author":"A Wizert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wizert A, Iskander DR, Cwiklik L (2017) Interaction of lysozyme with a tear film lipid layer model: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1859:2289\u20132296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.08.015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr"},{"key":"2516_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307415","volume":"100","author":"C Baudouin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baudouin C, Messmer EM, Aragona P et al (2016) Revisiting the vicious circle of dry eye disease: a focus on the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol 100:300\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307415","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310927","volume":"103","author":"ECS Landsend","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landsend ECS, Pedersen HR, Utheim \u00d8A et al (2019) Meibomian gland dysfunction and keratopathy are associated with dry eye disease in aniridia. Br J Ophthalmol 103:119\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310927","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e","volume":"52","author":"DA Schaumberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schaumberg DA, Nichols JJ, Papas EB et al (2011) The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on the epidemiology of, and associated risk factors for MGD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:1994\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0865-5","volume":"34","author":"A Hassan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan A, Balal S, Ahmad S (2020) Meibomian gland dysfunction, dropout and distress: emerging therapies. Eye (Lond) 34:1494\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-020-0865-5","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2516_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000228","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Veerappan A, Yeo S et al (2016) Clinical trial of thermal pulsation (lipiflow) in meibomian gland dysfunction with preteatment meibography. Eye Contact Lens 42:339\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000228","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2516_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.12.001","volume":"12","author":"D Finis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finis D, Hayajneh J, K\u00f6nig C et al (2014) Evaluation of an automated thermodynamic treatment (LipiFlow\u00ae) system for meibomian gland dysfunction: a prospective, randomized, observer-masked trial. Ocul Surf 12:146\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2013.12.001","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2516_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2013.12.007","volume":"37","author":"A Baumann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baumann A, Cochener B (2014) Meibomian gland dysfunction: a comparative study of modern treatments. J Fr Ophtalmol 37:303\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfo.2013.12.007","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000166","volume":"42","author":"JV Greiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greiner JV (2016) Long-term (3 year) effects of a single thermal pulsation system treatment on meibomian gland function and dry eye symptoms. Eye Contact Lens 42:99\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000166","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2516_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000133997.07144.9e","volume":"23","author":"KK Nichols","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nichols KK, Nichols JJ, Mitchell GL (2004) The lack of association between signs and symptoms in patients with dry eye disease. Cornea 23:762\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ico.0000133997.07144.9e","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101","volume":"23","author":"Y Jie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jie Y, Xu L, Wu YY et al (2009) Prevalence of dry eye among adult Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study. Eye (Lond) 23:688\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2516_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icl.0000140910.03095.fa","volume":"31","author":"DR Korb","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korb DR, Herman JP, Greiner JV et al (2005) Lid wiper epitheliopathy and dry eye symptoms. Eye Contact Lens 31:2\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.icl.0000140910.03095.fa","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"2516_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318294b0c0","volume":"32","author":"W Ngo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ngo W, Situ P, Keir N et al (2013) Psychometric properties and validation of the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness questionnaire. Cornea 32:1204\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318294b0c0","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association (2013) [Consensus of experts on diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in China]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 49:73\u20135. Chinese. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.020.","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2013.020"},{"key":"2516_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181814cff","volume":"27","author":"DR Korb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korb DR, Blackie CA (2008) Meibomian gland diagnostic expressibility: correlation with dry eye symptoms and gland location. Cornea 27:1142\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181814cff","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000675","volume":"92","author":"DK Murakami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murakami DK, Blackie CA, Korb DR (2015) All warm compresses are not equally efficacious. Optom Vis Sci 92:e327\u2013e333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000675","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.005","volume":"17","author":"D Borchman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borchman D (2019) The optimum temperature for the heat therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction. Ocul Surf 17:360\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.02.005","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"2516_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1035","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31825c3479","volume":"89","author":"H Pult","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pult H, Riede-Pult BH, Purslow C (2012) A comparison of an eyelid-warming device to traditional compress therapy. Optom Vis Sci 89:E1035\u2013E1041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31825c3479","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318181adef","volume":"85","author":"CA Blackie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blackie CA, Solomon JD, Greiner JV et al (2008) Inner eyelid surface temperature as a function of warm compress methodology. Optom Vis Sci 85:675\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318181adef","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2516_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S282081","volume":"7","author":"AS Hura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hura AS, Epitropoulos AT, Czyz CN et al (2020) Visible meibomian gland structure increases after vectored thermal pulsation treatment in dry eye disease patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Clin Ophthalmol 7:4287\u20134296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S282081","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318191b870","volume":"28","author":"CA Blackie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blackie CA, Solomon JD, Scaffidi RC et al (2009) The relationship between dry eye symptoms and lipid layer thickness. Cornea 28:789\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318191b870","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.01.008","volume":"155","author":"Y Eom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eom Y, Lee JS, Kang SY et al (2013) Correlation between quantitative measurements of tear film lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland loss in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction and normal controls. Am J Ophthalmol 155:1104\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.01.008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a7f3el","volume":"32","author":"D Finis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finis D, Pischel N, Schrader S et al (2013) Evaluation of lipid layer thickness measurement of the tear film as a diagnostic tool for Meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea 32:1549\u20131553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3182a7f3el","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2516_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700224","volume":"17","author":"MA Isreb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Isreb MA, Greiner JV, Korb DR et al (2003) Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements withfluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer\u2019s test. Eye (Lond) 17:79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6700224","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2516_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S56783","volume":"8","author":"G Ousler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ousler G, Abelson MB, Johnston PR et al (2014) Blink patterns and lid-contact times in dry-eye and normal subjects. Clin Ophthalmol 8:869\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S56783","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2516_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828f09a7","volume":"90","author":"JK Portello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Portello JK, Rosenfield M, Chu CA (2013) Blink rate, incomplete blinks and computer vision syndrome. Optom Vis Sci 90:482\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828f09a7","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T16:10:01Z","timestamp":1681834201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02516-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Zhu Meng, Xiaoran Chu, Chen Zhang, Hui Liu, Ruibo Yang, Yue Huang, Shaozhen Zhao declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed by the institutional review board of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (IRB No. 2016KY(L)-22) and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}