{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:35:39Z","timestamp":1740123339747,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008967","name":"Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the relationship between orbital wall fractures connecting to\u00a0 paranasal sinuses (OWF-PNS) and SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination (SARS-CoV-2-OSC) in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a prospective case\u2013control study enrolling two asymptomatic COVID-19 patient cohorts with <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> without OWF-PNS in the case\u2013control ratio of 1:4. All subjects were treated in a German level 1 trauma center during a one-year interval. The main predictor variable was the presence of OWF-PNS (case\/control); cases with preoperative conjunctival positivity of SARS-CoV-2 were excluded to rule out the possibility of viral dissemination via the lacrimal gland and\/or the nasolacrimal system. The main outcome variable was laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-OSC (yes\/no). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed with a statistically significant <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The samples comprised 11 cases and 44 controls (overall: 27.3% females; mean age, 52.7\u2009\u00b1\u200920.3\u00a0years [range, 19\u201385]). There was a significant association between OWF-PNS and SARS-CoV-2-OSC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001; odds ratio\u2009=\u200920.8; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20094.11\u2013105.2; <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>-squared\u2009=\u20090.38; accuracy\u2009=\u200985.5%), regardless of orbital fracture location (orbital floor <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> medial wall versus both; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.0).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with OWF-PNS are associated with a considerable and almost 21-fold increase in the risk of SARS-CoV-2-OSC, in comparison with those without facial fracture. This could suggest that OWF-PNS is the viral source, requiring particular attention during manipulation of ocular\/orbital tissue to prevent viral transmission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1664010152000},"page":"1369-1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is orbital wall fracture associated with SARS-CoV-2 ocular surface contamination in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poramate","family":"Pitak-Arnnop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6805-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chatpong","family":"Tangmanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Meningaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5865-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.01.012","volume":"123","author":"P Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitak-Arnnop P, Meningaud JP, Sirintawat N et al (2022) A German AWMF\u2019s S2e\/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: rapid living update on 1 January 2021. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 123:64\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.01.012","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.01.006","author":"P Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitak-Arnnop P, Sirintawat N, Tangmanee C, Sukphopetch P, Meningaud JP, Neff A (2022) Inanimate surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 during midfacial fracture repair in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.01.006","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.05.009","author":"P Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitak-Arnnop P, Tangmanee C, Muangchan C, Meningaud JP, Neff A (2022) Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients with craniomaxillofacial injuries have an increase risk of surgical site infection. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.05.009","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.04.003","volume":"123","author":"P Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pitak-Arnnop P, Tangmanee C, Meningaud JP, Neff A (2022) Prolonged viral shedding identified from external splints and intranasal packings in immediately cured COVID-19 patients with nasal fractures: a retrospective study. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 123:287\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.04.003","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.289","volume":"164","author":"JA Meltzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meltzer JA, Kunkov S, Crain EF (2010) Identifying children at low risk for bacterial conjunctivitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 164:263\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.289","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2535_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1775261","volume":"28","author":"M Atum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atum M, Boz AAE, \u00c7ak\u0131r B et al (2020) Evaluation of conjunctival swab PCR results in patients with SARS-CoV-2 Iinfection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 28:745\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2020.1775261","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"2535_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002562","volume":"40","author":"RM Dutescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutescu RM, Banasik P, Schildgen O, Schrage N, Uthoff D (2021) Detection of coronavirus in tear samples of hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from oropharyngeal swabs. Cornea 40:348\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002562","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2535_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-020-00257-7","volume":"8","author":"KX Cheong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheong KX (2020) Systematic review of ocular involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in coronavirus disease 2019. Curr Ophthalmol Rep 8:185\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40135-020-00257-7","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"2535_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01575-2","volume":"41","author":"E Al-Sharif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Sharif E, Strianese D, AlMadhi NH et al (2021) Ocular tropism of coronavirus (CoVs): a comparison of the interaction between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye. Int Ophthalmol 41:349\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-020-01575-2","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2535_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020363","volume":"11","author":"VM Moreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreira VM, Mascarenhas P, Machado V et al (2021) Diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection by RT-PCR using specimens other than naso- and oropharyngeal swabs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 11:363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11020363","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2535_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001687","volume":"98","author":"NM Sopp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sopp NM, Sharda V (2021) An eye on COVID-19: a meta-analysis of positive conjunctival reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivitis prevalence. Optom Vis Sci 98:429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001687","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2535_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.612319","volume":"12","author":"SD de Freitas","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Freitas SD, de Sousa LB, C\u00e2mara NOS, de Freitas D, de Oliveira LA (2021) SARS-COV-2 and ocular surface: from physiology to pathology, a route to understand transmission and disease. Front Physiol 12:612319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.612319","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2535_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005985","volume":"30","author":"JT Bachelet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bachelet JT, Landis BN, Scolozzi P (2019) Recurrent maxillary sinusitis and periorbital cellulitis revealing an unnoticed medial wall orbital fracture. J Craniofac Surg 30:2251\u20132252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005985","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003732","volume":"28","author":"JY Byeon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Byeon JY, Choi HJ (2017) Orbital cellulitis following orbital blow-out fracture. J Craniofac Surg 28:1777\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003732","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.012","volume":"112","author":"GJ Ben Simon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ben Simon GJ, Bush S, Selva D, McNab AA (2005) Orbital cellulitis: a rare complication after orbital blowout fracture. Ophthalmology 112:2030\u20132034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2535_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1652_21","volume":"70","author":"M Hada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hada M, Gupta P, Bagarhatta M et al (2022) Orbital magnetic resonance imaging profile and clinicoradiological correlation in COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a single-center study of 270 patients from North India. Indian J Ophthalmol 70:641\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1652_21","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2535_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e193","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2021.0306","volume":"104","author":"EG Heywood","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heywood EG, Ul-Haq I, Pankhania M (2022) COVID-19-related orbital abscesses: a case report. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 104(6):e193\u2013e195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308\/rcsann.2021.0306","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2535_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02153-5","volume":"21","author":"A Takesue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takesue A, Asada Y, Ooya H, Yokoyama T (2021) Blowout fracture-associated orbital cellulitis progressing to panophthalmitis: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 21:390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-021-02153-5","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2535_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007714","volume":"32","author":"Y Tu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tu Y, Hong H, Wu W (2021) Orbital infection due to medial wall fracture: three cases of orbital complications caused by paranasal sinusitis secondary to medial orbital wall fracture. J Craniofac Surg 32:e712\u2013e716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007714","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2535_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2021.1979643","volume":"80","author":"A Haapanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haapanen A, Furuholm J, Uittamo J, Sn\u00e4ll J (2022) Effect of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of maxillofacial fractures in a Finnish tertiary trauma centre. Acta Odontol Scand 80:157\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016357.2021.1979643","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"2535_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.09.021","volume":"12","author":"G Philip","year":"2022","unstructured":"Philip G, Dominic S, Poorna TA, Ek J (2022) Pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a tertiary referral centre in Central Kerala: a comparison between the Pre-COVID and COVID periods. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 12:45\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.09.021","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"2535_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520983119","volume":"14","author":"G Canzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canzi G, De Ponti E, Corradi F et al (2021) Epidemiology of maxillo-facial trauma during COVID-19 lockdown: reports from the hub trauma center in Milan. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 14:277\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1943387520983119","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"2535_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387521991267","volume":"14","author":"TM Visholm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visholm TM, Sandhu N, Dhariwal DK (2021) COVID-19: the oral and maxillofacial surgery experience, Oxford. UK Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 14:317\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1943387521991267","journal-title":"UK Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"2535_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01041-6","author":"SS Nhongo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nhongo SS, Sklavos A, Lee K, Chan STF, Austin S (2020) The changing face of maxillofacial trauma during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Melbourne. Australia Oral Maxillofac Surg (in press). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-022-01041-6","journal-title":"Australia Oral Maxillofac Surg (in press)"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T16:10:27Z","timestamp":1681834227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02535-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2630"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Prof. Jean-Paul Meningaud is the Immediate Past President of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (EACMFS). Prof. Andreas Neff is the Head of the TMJ Section of the Strasbourg Osteosynthesis Research Group (S.O.R.G) and the Immediate Past President of the European Society of TMJ Surgeons (ESTMJS), as well as has received remunerations as a design surgeon for Medartis (Basel, Switzerland) for the development of midfacial and mandibular osteosynthesis systems. All of the authors indicate full freedom of investigation and manuscript preparation without potential conflict of interest as regards this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}