{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:55:20Z","timestamp":1789646120332,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004687","name":"Universidad de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze using Pentacam<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, the corneal and anterior chamber changes following periocular botulinum toxin injection in patients with facial dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prospective study that included patients with facial dystonia that were going to receive a periocular botulinum toxin injection for the first time or six months or more after the previous injection. A Pentacam<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> examination was carried out in all patients before and 4\u00a0weeks after the injection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty-one eyes were included. Twenty-two had a diagnosis of blepharospasm and nine of hemifacial spasm. Analysis of corneal and anterior chamber parameters revealed a significant decrease in iridocorneal angle after botulinum toxin injection (from 35\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00ba to 33.8\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7\u00ba, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.022). No other corneal or anterior chamber parameters changed significantly after the injection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Periocular botulinum toxin injection causes narrowing of the iridocorneal angle.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T03:26:43Z","timestamp":1682479603000},"page":"2731-2736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of the periocular botulinum toxin on the ocular surface and anterior chamber: a prospective study in patients with hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Romero-Caballero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4582-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Miralles de Imperial-Ollero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sarabia-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Paz","family":"Villegas-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010042","volume":"13","author":"C Anandan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anandan C, Jankovic J (2021) botulinum toxin in movement disorders: an update. Toxins 13(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13010042","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"12","key":"2672_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.009","volume":"128","author":"G Binenbaum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Binenbaum G, Chang MY, Heidary G, Morrison DG, Trivedi RH, Galvin JA, Pineles SL (2021) Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of strabismus: a report by the american academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 128(12):1766\u20131776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2672_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006499","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006499.pub4","volume":"3","author":"FJ Rowe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rowe FJ, Noonan CP (2017) Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3(3):CD006499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006499.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2672_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD004900","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004900.pub3","volume":"11","author":"GS Duarte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duarte GS, Rodrigues FB, Marques RE, Castel\u00e3o M, Ferreira J, Sampaio C, Moore AP, Costa J (2020) Botulinum toxin types A therapy for blepharospasm. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):CD004900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004900.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_325","volume":"263","author":"MJ Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan MJ, AlShaker S, Hunter DG (2021) Use of botulinum toxin in ophthalmology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 263:147\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2019_325","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2672_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120925630","volume":"31","author":"KK Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai KK, Kuk AK, Chan E, Ko ST (2021) The good toxin: 10 years of experience with botulinum toxin A in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm. Eur J Ophthalmol 31(3):1345\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1120672120925630","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2672_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100010817","volume":"37","author":"HS Gill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gill HS, Kraft SP (2010) Long-term efficacy of botulinum a toxin for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Can J Neurol Sci\/ J Can Sci Neurol 37(5):631\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100010817","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci\/ J Can Sci Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2672_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2020.1733028","volume":"40","author":"S Lawes-Wickwar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lawes-Wickwar S, McBain H, Hirani SP, Hurt CS, Dunlop N, Solly D, Crampton B, Newman SP, Ezra DG (2021) Which factors impact on quality of life for adults with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm? Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 40(2):110\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2020.1733028","journal-title":"Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)"},{"key":"2672_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.06.040","volume":"172","author":"D Weiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiss D, Hieber L, Sturm J, B\u00f6rtlein A, Buchthal J, Dippon C, Arnold G, W\u00e4chter T (2018) Health-related quality of life outcomes from botulinum toxin treatment in blepharospasm. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 172:130\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.06.040","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"2672_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9119-x","volume":"266","author":"A Girach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girach A, Vinagre Aragon A, Zis P (2019) Quality of life in idiopathic dystonia: a systematic review. J Neurol 266(12):2897\u20132906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-9119-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2672_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.013","volume":"125","author":"JR Bilyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilyk JR, Yen MT, Bradley EA, Wladis EJ, Mawn LA (2018) Chemodenervation for the treatment of facial dystonia: a report by the american academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 125(9):1459\u20131467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2672_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02303.x","volume":"38","author":"PS Cannon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannon PS, MacKenzie KR, Cook AE, Leatherbarrow B (2010) The difference in response to botulinum toxin type A treatment between patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 38(7):688\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02303.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2672_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0682-1","volume":"40","author":"Z Jia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jia Z, Lu H, Yang X, Jin X, Wu R, Zhao J, Chen L, Qi Z (2016) Adverse events of botulinum toxin type a in facial rejuvenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesth Plast Surg 40(5):769\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00266-016-0682-1","journal-title":"Aesth Plast Surg"},{"key":"2672_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kremer I, Levy Y (1991) Acute angle-closure glaucoma following botulinum toxin. Br J Ophthalmol 75(6): 383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.75.6.383.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.6.383"},{"issue":"5","key":"2672_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.74.5.309","volume":"74","author":"P Corridan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Corridan P, Nightingale S, Masuda N, Williams AC (1990) Acute angle-closure glaucoma following botulinum toxin injection for blepharospasm. Br J Ophthalmol 74(5):309\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.74.5.309","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2672_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_41_17","volume":"7","author":"JC Tsai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsai JC (2017) Acute angle closure following periorbital botulinum toxin injection in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 7(2):104\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_41_17","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2672_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12293","volume":"42","author":"L Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng L, Azar D (2014) Angle-closure glaucoma following periorbital botulinum toxin injection. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 42(7):690\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.12293","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2672_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181ca76a9","volume":"19","author":"KH Chien","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chien KH, Lu DW, Chen YH, Cheng JH, Chen JT (2010) Relief of periorbital pain after acute angle closure glaucoma attack by botulinum toxin type A. J Glaucoma 19(8):546\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181ca76a9","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"5","key":"2672_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000231774.70194.3f","volume":"22","author":"I Mavrikakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mavrikakis I, Beckingsale P, Lee E, Riaz Y, Brittain P (2006) Changes in corneal topography with upper eyelid gold weight implants. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 22(5):331\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.iop.0000231774.70194.3f","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2672_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06823-7","volume":"7","author":"T Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu T, Ye X, Xu P, Wang J, Zhang H, Ni H, Su Z, Ye J (2017) Changes of corneal tomography in patients with congenital blepharoptosis. Sci Rep 7(1):6580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06823-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2672_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000994","volume":"34","author":"E Kalin-Hajdu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalin-Hajdu E, Wang Q, McLeod SD, Vagefi MR (2018) Corneal warpage due to massage following eyelid surgery. Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstr Surg 34(4):e142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000994","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plastic Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2672_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.05.013","volume":"38","author":"V Gautam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gautam V, Chaudhary M, Sharma AK, Shrestha GS, Rai PG (2015) Topographic corneal changes in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a report from Kathmandu, Nepal. Contact Lens Anterior Eye: J Br Contact Lens Assoc 38(6):461\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2015.05.013","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye: J Br Contact Lens Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2672_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000688","volume":"35","author":"T Osaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Osaki T, Osaki MH, Osaki TH, Hirai FE, Campos M (2016) Differences in corneal parameters between affected and normal contralateral eyes in patients with hemifacial spasm treated with botulinum toxin-a: outcomes during one complete treatment cycle. Cornea 35(2):220\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000688","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"2672_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.1.131","volume":"21","author":"NJ Moon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moon NJ, Lee HI, Kim JC (2006) The changes in corneal astigmatism after botulinum toxin-a injection in patients with blepharospasm. J Korean Med Sci 21(1):131\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.1.131","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2672_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0897-9","volume":"18","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhu T, Ye J (2018) Evaluation of scheimpflug imaging parameters in blepharospasm and normal eyes. BMC Ophthalmol 18(1):239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-018-0897-9","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2672_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000597","volume":"45","author":"DM Ulusoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ulusoy DM, Ulusoy EK, Duru Z, \u00c7i\u00e7ek A (2019) Evaluation of corneal morphology in patients with hemifacial spasm. Eye Contact Lens 45(4):271\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000597","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2672_CR27","first-page":"486","volume":"14","author":"EP Sorensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sorensen EP, Urman C (2015) Cosmetic complications: rare and serious events following botulinum toxin and soft tissue filler administration. J Drugs Dermatol: JDD 14(5):486\u2013491","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol: JDD"},{"issue":"1","key":"2672_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2015.6","volume":"2015","author":"EY Ah-Kee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ah-Kee EY, Egong E, Shafi A, Lim LT, Yim JL (2015) A review of drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma for non-ophthalmologists. Qatar Med J 2015(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2015.6","journal-title":"Qatar Med J"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T02:07:25Z","timestamp":1690423645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-023-02672-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}