{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:57:42Z","timestamp":1776164262110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:04:27Z","timestamp":1708149867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resilient back-propagation machine learning-based classification on fundus images for retinal microaneurysm detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Steffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-015-0026-2","volume":"2","author":"R Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee R, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C (2015) Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and related vision loss. Eye and vision 2(1):17","journal-title":"Eye and vision"},{"issue":"9","key":"2982_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","volume":"110","author":"C Wilkinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilkinson C, Ferris FL, Klein RE et al (2003) Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 110(9):1677\u20131682","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2982_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","volume":"35","author":"JW Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R et al (2012) Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 35(3):556\u2013564","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3S","key":"2982_CR4","first-page":"3896","volume":"10","author":"NGA Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed NGA, Hamza MF, Hassan SN (2023) Knowledge, practice and attitude of diabetic patients regarding prevention of diabetic retinopathy. J Surv Fisher Sci 10(3S):3896\u20133908","journal-title":"J Surv Fisher Sci"},{"key":"2982_CR5","first-page":"4673714","volume":"2017","author":"A Lyssekboron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lyssekboron A, Wylegala A, Polanowska K, Krysik K, Dobrowolski D (2017) Longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness evaluated using avanti rtvue-xr optical coherence tomography after 23g vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane in patients with open-angle glaucoma. J Healthc Eng 2017:4673714\u20134673714","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.151887","volume":"22","author":"DA Salz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salz DA, Witkin AJ (2015) Imaging in diabetic retinopathy. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 22(2):145\u2013150","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2982_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000329597","volume":"226","author":"R Bernardes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bernardes R, Serranho P, Lobo C (2011) Digital ocular fundus imaging: a review. Ophthalmological 226(4):161\u2013181","journal-title":"Ophthalmological"},{"key":"2982_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew EY, Ferris FL (2006) Chapter 67\u2014nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. In: Ryan SJ, Hinton DR, Schachat AP, Wilkinson CP (eds.) Retina, Fourth edition edn., Mosby, Edinburgh, pp 1271\u20131284","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-02598-0.50073-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0675-9","volume":"18","author":"N Eftekhari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eftekhari N, Pourreza HR, Masoudi M, Ghiasishirazi K, Saeedi E (2019) Microaneurysm detection in fundus images using a two-step convolutional neural network. Biomed Eng Online 18(1):67","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"2982_CR10","unstructured":"Chaturvedi SS, Gupta K, Ninawe V, Prasad PS (2019) Advances in computer-aided Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. arXiv e-prints, 1909\u201309853"},{"key":"2982_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.08.034","volume":"47","author":"S Saha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saha S, Xiao D, Bhuiyan A, Wong TY, Kanagasingam Y (2019) Color fundus image registration techniques and applications for automated analysis of diabetic retinopathy progression: a review. Biomed Signal Process Control 47:288\u2013302","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"2982_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2018.10.009","volume":"97","author":"N Salamat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salamat N, Missen MMS, Rashid A (2019) Diabetic retinopathy techniques in retinal images: a review. Artif Intell Med 97:168\u2013188","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"2982_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.175","volume":"107","author":"RS Biyani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biyani RS, Patre BM (2018) Algorithms for red lesion detection in diabetic retinopathy: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 107:681\u2013688","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR14","first-page":"10051","volume":"2","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Z, Chen B et al (2022) A preliminary observation on rod cell photo biomodulation in treating diabetic macular edema. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res 2(2):10051","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"key":"2982_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazar I, Hajdu A (2011) Microaneurysm detection in retinal images using a rotating cross-section-based model. In: 2011 IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: from nano to macro. Piscataway: IEEE, p 1405\u20131409","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2011.5872663"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2228665","volume":"32","author":"I Lazar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lazar I, Hajdu A (2013) Retinal microaneurysm detection through local rotating cross-section profile analysis. IEEE TransMed Imaging 32(2):400\u2013407","journal-title":"IEEE TransMed Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2982_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.843738","volume":"24","author":"M Niemeijer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niemeijer M, Van Ginneken B, Staal J, Suttorp-Schulten MS, Abr\u00e0moff MD (2005) Automatic detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24(5):584\u2013592","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"2982_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giancardo L, Meriaudeau F, Karnowski TP, Li Y, Tobin KW, Chaum E (2011) Microaneurysm detection with radon transform-based classification on retina images. In: international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, pp 5939\u20135942","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091562"},{"issue":"6","key":"2982_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.12.017","volume":"43","author":"B Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang B, Wu X, You J, Li Q, Karray F (2010) Detection of microaneurysms using multi-scale correlation coefficients. Pattern Recogn 43(6):2237\u20132248","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"2982_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2096223","volume":"58","author":"K Ram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ram K, Joshi GD, Sivaswamy J (2011) A successive clutter-rejection-based approach for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 58(3):664\u2013673","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2982_CR21","first-page":"734","volume-title":"Diabetic retinopathy related lesions detection and classification using machine learning technology","author":"R Saha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saha, R., Chowdhury, A. R., & Banerjee, S. (2016). Diabetic retinopathy related lesions detection and classification\nusing machine learning technology. In Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing: 15th International Conference,\nICAISC 2016, Zakopane, Poland, June 12\u201316, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 15 (pp. 734\u2013745). Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"2982_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2671918","volume":"5","author":"W Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou W, Wu C, Chen D, Yi Y, Du W (2017) Automatic microaneurysm detection using the sparse principal component analysis-based unsupervised classification method. IEEE Access 5:2563\u20132572","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2982_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2016.10.017","volume":"138","author":"R Srivastava","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srivastava R, Duan L, Wong DWK, Liu J, Wong TY (2016) Detecting retinal microaneurysms and haemorrhages with robustness to the presence of blood vessels. Comput Methods Progr Biomed 138:83\u201391","journal-title":"Comput Methods Progr Biomed"},{"key":"2982_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2016.08.001","volume":"55","author":"B Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu B, Zhu W, Shi F, Zhu S, Chen X (2017) Automatic detection of microaneurysms in retinal fundus images. Comput Med Imaging Gr 55:106\u2013112","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Gr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2982_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2585344","volume":"64","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, Tang HL, Turk LA, Hu Y, Sanei S, Saleh GM, Peto T (2017) Localizing microaneurysms in fundus images through singular spectrum analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 64(5):990\u20131002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00225-z","volume":"33","author":"DJ Derwin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Derwin DJ, Selvi ST, Singh OJ (2019) Secondary observer system for detection of microaneurysms in fundus images using texture descriptors. J Digit Imaging 33(1):159\u2013167","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"2982_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mizutani A, Muramatsu C, Hatanaka Y, Suemori S, Hara T, Fujita H(2009) Automated microaneurysm detection method based on double-ring filter in retinal fundus images. In: proceedings of SPIE medical imaging, vol 7260, 2009, pp 72 601N\u201372 601N\u20138","DOI":"10.1117\/12.813468"},{"key":"2982_CR28","unstructured":"Zhang X (2014) Image processing methods for computer-aided screening of diabetic retinopathy, Ph.D. dissertation, EcoleNationaleSup\u00b4erieuredesMines de Paris, Paris"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.12.009","volume":"114","author":"KM Adal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adal KM, Sidib D, Ali S, Chaum E, Karnowski TP, Mriaudeau F (2014) Automated detection of microaneurysms using scale-adapted blob analysis and semi-supervised learning. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 114(1):1\u201310","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"issue":"8","key":"2982_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161556","volume":"11","author":"B Dai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dai B, Wu X, Bu W (2016) Retinal microaneurysms detection using gradient vector analysis and class imbalance classification. PLoS ONE 11(8):1\u201323","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-017-0034-9","volume":"5","author":"U Budak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Budak U, \u015eeng\u00fcr A, Guo Y, Akbulut Y (2017) A novel microaneurysms detection approach based on convolutional neural networks with reinforcement sample learning algorithm. Health Inf Sci Syst 5(1):14","journal-title":"Health Inf Sci Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"2982_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2585344","volume":"64","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, Tang HL, Hu Y et al (2017) Localizing microaneurysms in fundus images through singular spectrum analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 64(5):990\u20131002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2982_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2509785","volume":"35","author":"L Seoud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seoud L, Hurtut T, Chelbi J, Cheriet F, Langlois JMP (2016) Redlesion detection using dynamic shape features for diabetic retinopathy screening. IEEE Trans Med Imag 35(4):1116\u20131126","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0675-9","volume":"18","author":"N Eftekhari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eftekhari N et al (2019) Microaneurysm detection in fundus images using a two-step convolutional neural network. Biomed Eng Online 18(1):1\u201316","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"7","key":"2982_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2815345","volume":"27","author":"B Dashtbozorg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dashtbozorg B et al (2018) Retinal microaneurysms detection using local convergence index features. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(7):3300\u20133315","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"2982_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2017.05.006","volume":"9","author":"MM Habib","year":"2017","unstructured":"Habib MM et al (2017) Detection of microaneurysms in retinal images using an ensemble classifier. Inf Med Unlocked 9:44\u201357","journal-title":"Inf Med Unlocked"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2228665","volume":"32","author":"I Lazar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lazar I, Hajdu A (2013) Retinal microaneurysm detection through local rotating cross-section profile analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imag 32(2):400\u2013407","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"key":"2982_CR38","unstructured":"Zhang X (2014) Image processing methods for computer-aided screening of diabetic retinopathy, Ph.D. dissertation, EcoleNationaleSuperieure des \u00b4 Mines de Paris, Paris"},{"issue":"10","key":"2982_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101404","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.10.101404","volume":"21","author":"SA Ali Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali Shah SA, Laude A, Faye I, Tang TB (2016) Automated microaneurysm detection in diabetic retinopathy using curvelet transform. J Biomed Opt 21(10):101404","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"5","key":"2982_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2585344","volume":"64","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, Tang HL, Turk LIA et al (2017) Localizing microaneurysms in fundus images through singular spectrum analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 64(5):990\u20131002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2982_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2021.100013","volume":"1","author":"V Mayya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mayya V, Sowmya Kamath S, Kulkarni U (2021) Automated microaneurysms detection for early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review. Comput Methods Progr Biomed Update 1:100013","journal-title":"Comput Methods Progr Biomed Update"},{"issue":"24","key":"2982_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06098-1","volume":"25","author":"M Suchetha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suchetha M, Sai Ganesh N, Raman R, Edwin Dhas D (2021) Region of interest-based predictive algorithm for subretinal hemorrhage detection using faster R-CNN. Soft Comput 25(24):15255\u201315268","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"2982_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2021.109084","volume":"176","author":"D Yadav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav D, Karn AK, Giddalur A, Dhiman A, Sharma S, Yadav AK (2021) Microaneurysm detection using color locus detection method. Measurement 176:109084","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"8","key":"2982_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161556","volume":"11","author":"B Dai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dai B, Xiangqian Wu, Wei Bu (2016) Retinal microaneurysms detection using gradient vector analysis and class imbalance classification. PLoS ONE 11(8):e0161556","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/2151237X.2007.10129236","volume":"12","author":"D Bradley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley D, Roth G (2007) Adapting thresholding using the integral image. J Gr Tools 12(2):13\u201321","journal-title":"J Gr Tools"},{"issue":"3","key":"2982_CR46","first-page":"11","volume":"12","author":"RS Naoum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naoum RS, Abid NA, Al-Sultani ZN (2012) An enhanced resilient backpropagation artificial neural network for the intrusion detection system. Int J Comput Sci Netw Secur (IJCSNS) 12(3):11","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Netw Secur (IJCSNS)"},{"key":"2982_CR47","unstructured":"MESSIDOR: Methods for evaluating segmentation and indexing techniques dedicated to retinal ophthalmology. https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/70380364\/Messidor-Abstract-En"},{"key":"2982_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kauppi T, Kalesnykiene V, Kamarainen J, Lensu L, Sorri I, Raninen A, Voutilainen R, Uusitalo H, K\u00a8alvi\u00a8ainen H, Pietil\u00a8a J (2007) DIARETDB1diabeticretinopathy database and evaluation protocol. In: 11th conference on medical image understanding and analysis","DOI":"10.5244\/C.21.15"},{"issue":"2","key":"2982_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2013.01.010","volume":"34","author":"E Decenciere","year":"2013","unstructured":"Decenciere E, Cazuguel G, Zhang X et al (2013) TeleOphta: Machine learning and image processing methods for teleophthalmology. IRBM 34(2):196\u2013203","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2982_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2033909","volume":"29","author":"M Niemeijer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niemeijer M, Van Ginneken B, Cree MJ et al (2010) Retinopathy online challenge: automatic detection of microaneurysms in digital color fundus photographs. IEEE Trans Med Imag 29(1):185\u2013195","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-026-03979-y","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000}}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:02:45Z","timestamp":1770753765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-024-02982-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-2630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-026-03979-y","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-026-03979-y","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest. This research was conducted purely for academic purposes and that there are non-financial interests. The supervisor and my former institution \u201cNesamony Memorial Chrisitan College\u201d had no role in the study design, data analysis, interpretation, or decision to publish the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"91"}}