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Based on the results of lacrimal duct irrigation and age, the participants were further subdivided. The incidence of different severities of MGD in different groups was calculated and analyzed by the chi-squared test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The incidence of MGD in the PANDO group was 81.21%, and in the control group, it was 46.96%, which was significantly higher in the presence of PANDO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The incidence of severe MGD in the complete and incomplete PANDO groups was higher than that in the control group (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and no significant differences were observed between the complete and incomplete PANDO groups. The incidence of moderate MGD was significantly higher in the complete PANDO group than in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). When age was considered an independent variable, the results revealed a significant value for patients aged\u2009&lt;\u200970\u00a0years (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study revealed a prodominantly high incidence of MGD in postmenopausal women with PANDO, especially in a complete PANDO or aged\u2009&lt;\u200970\u00a0years. Ophthalmologists need to pay close attention to MGD in postmenopausal women with PANDO.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03041-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T06:02:11Z","timestamp":1707804131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Higher incidence of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Guoping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haili","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3041_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001310","volume":"35","author":"MJ Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali MJ, Paulsen F (2019) Etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: what we know and what we need to know. 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