{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:11:49Z","timestamp":1784945509455,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Levator muscle dystrophy has been commonly accused being the main pathology of congenital ptosis, nevertheless, few reports drew attention to the existence of congenital aponeurotic defects. This study aims at highlighting the detailed clinical and surgical features of aponeurotic maldevelopment together with the efficacy of simple aponeurosis repair.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a retrospective nonrandomised study including patients with congenital ptosis who underwent levator muscle surgery throughout 4\u00a0years. Patients\u2019 records were reviewed for the preoperative clinical assessment and photographs, intraoperative recorded data, and videos as well as postoperative data and photographs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-seven eyes of 22 patients (9.4%) out of 287 eyes were recorded to have absent levator muscle at its typical anatomical insertion site intraoperatively. The mean preoperative MRD1 was (0.44\u2009\u00b1\u20091.17\u00a0mm). The mean levator function was 8.56\u2009\u00b1\u20093.89\u00a0mm, with higher-than-normal crease position (mean value 10.07\u2009\u00b1\u20091.62\u00a0mm). 25 eyes of included cases (92.6%) showed total absence of the levator aponeurosis edge which only was revealed after cutting through the orbital septal covering of the preaponeurotic fat.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Congenital aponeurotic defect is an established yet under reported entity of congenital ptosis with reproducible characteristic intraoperative findings. Simple aponeurosis repair could achieve ptosis correction in such cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03053-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1709353766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Congenital ptosis with aponeurotic maldevelopment: clinical and surgical perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yomna A","family":"Alahmadawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3053_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1337179","volume":"36","author":"CT Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen CT, Hardy TG (2017) Levator resection for congenital ptosis: does pre-operative levator function or degree of ptosis affect successful outcome? 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