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Ocular presentations of several liver pathologies were researched and then summarized in a comprehensive form.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several ocular manifestations of liver disease were related to vitamin A deficiency, as liver disease is associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis can result in vitamin A deficiency, presenting with Bitot spots, xerosis, and corneal necrosis. Congenital liver diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses and peroxisomal disorders are also linked with ocular signs. Viral causes of liver disease have associations with conditions like retinal vasculitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinopathies, Mooren\u2019s ulcer, and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Autoimmune hepatitis has been linked to peripheral ulcerative keratitis and uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Building strong associations between ocular and liver pathology will allow for early detection of such conditions, leading to the early implementation of management strategies. While this review outlines several of the existing connections between hepatic and ophthalmic disease, further research is needed in the area in order to strengthen these associations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03103-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T18:02:01Z","timestamp":1713204121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ocular manifestations of liver disease: an important diagnostic aid"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Riya","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassaam","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Jaffry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Dastjerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.03.013","volume":"476","author":"D Dewett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dewett D et al (2021) Mechanisms of vitamin A metabolism and deficiency in the mammalian and fly visual system. 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