{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T18:08:46Z","timestamp":1766167726831,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the efficacy and risk profile of intravitreal injections of Ocriplasmin (IVO) versus Perfluoropropane (PVL) in patients with symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction (VMTS) with or without full-thickness macular hole (FTMH\u2009&lt;\u2009400 \u03bcm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen patients with VMTS received 0.3 ml perfluoropropane, and 68 patients received Ocriplasmin. Primary success criteria included resolution of vitreomacular traction (VMT) and closure of FTMH\u2009&lt;\u2009400 \u03bcm. Microstructural changes were evaluated using SD OCT for macular hole size, macular edema, subretinal fluid, ellipsoid zone (EZ), and external limiting membrane (ELM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the PVL group, 78.92% experienced VMT resolution. None of the FTMH\u2009&lt;\u2009400 \u03bcm closed with PVL, but all were closed with subsequent pars plana vitrectomy (ppV). New FTMH developed in 7.1% and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 5.3%. EZ\/ELM changes occurred in 31.6%. In the IVO group, 70.6% achieved VMT resolution. Of 22 patients with FTMH, 45.6% had closure after IVO, with 12 out of 25 needing ppV. New FTMH occurred in 6.5% and retinal detachment in 4.4%. EZ\/ELM changes were observed in 16.2%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both PVL and IVO showed similar VMT resolution rates. PVL was less effective in closing FTMH and had higher side effects compared to IVO. In the presence of retinal pathologies, PVL is preferable to IVO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T05:07:29Z","timestamp":1749704849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors and efficacy of different intravitreal treatment options for symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction with or without full-thickness macular hole"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Metzger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9350-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Groselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Klaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Feucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.042","author":"JS Duker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duker JS, Kaiser PK, Binder S et al (2013) The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group Classification of vitreomacular adhesion, traction, and macular hole. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.042","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR2","first-page":"537","volume":"103","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson MW (2005) Perifoveal vitreous detachment and its macular complications. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 103:537","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"3591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-0980-1","volume":"242","author":"J Sebag","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sebag J (2004) Anomalous posterior vitreous detachment: a unifying concept in vitreo-retinal disease. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242:690\u2013698","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328641","volume":"230","author":"MM Maier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maier MM, Feucht N, Burzer S, Lohmann CP (2013) Vitreomakul\u00e4res Traktionssyndrom (VMTS). Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 230:920\u2013928","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"3591_CR5","volume-title":"The vitreous: structure, function, and pathobiology","author":"J Sebag","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebag J (2012) The vitreous: structure, function, and pathobiology. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"3591_CR6","first-page":"97","volume":"1755375X","author":"N Acar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Acar N, Anastosopoulos E, Azuara-Blanco A et al (2019) The European Eye Epidemiology spectral-domain optical coherence tomography classification of macular diseases for epidemiological studies. Acta Ophthalmol 1755375X:97","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.10.016","volume":"155","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson MW (2013) How should we release vitreomacular traction: surgically, pharmacologically, or pneumatically? Am J Ophthalmol 155:203-205.e1","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)70625-7","author":"J Kim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kim J, Freeman W, Azen S et al (1996) Prospective randomized trial of vitrectomy or observation for stage 2 macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394(14)70625-7","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bopp S, Kellner U (2019) Pars-plana-Vitrektomie. Augenheilkunde up2date 9:79\u201396","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0755-8099"},{"key":"3591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.06.008","volume":"53","author":"CK Chan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan CK, Lin SG, Nuthi ASD, Salib DM (2008) Pneumatic retinopexy for the repair of retinal detachments: a comprehensive review (1986\u20132007). Surv Ophthalmol 53:443\u2013478","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30958-X","volume":"102","author":"CK Chan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chan CK, Wessels IF, Friedrichsen EJ (1995) Treatment of idiopathic macular holes by induced posterior vitreous detachment. Ophthalmology 102:757\u2013767","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2019.00400","author":"HB \u00d6zdemir","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir HB, \u00d6zdek \u015e, Hasanreiso\u011flu M (2019) Pneumatic vitreolysis for the treatment of vitreomacular traction syndrome. Turk J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2019.00400","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.08.018","author":"IA Rodrigues","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodrigues IA, Stangos AN, McHugh DA, Jackson TL (2013) Intravitreal injection of expansile perfluoropropane (C3F8) for the treatment of vitreomacular traction. Am J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.08.018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.001","author":"K Mori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mori K, Saito S, Gehlbach PL, Yoneya S (2007) Treatment of stage 2 macular hole by intravitreous injection of expansile gas and induction of posterior vitreous detachment. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05568-y","author":"C Baumann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baumann C, Sabatino F, Zheng Y et al (2022) Anatomical and functional outcomes of pneumatic vitreolysis for treatment of vitreomacular traction with and without macular holes. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-022-05568-y","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.005","author":"CK Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan CK, Mein CE, Glassman AR et al (2021) Pneumatic vitreolysis with perfluoropropane for vitreomacular traction with and without macular hole. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.045","author":"JA Haller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haller JA, Stalmans P, Benz MS et al (2015) Efficacy of intravitreal Ocriplasmin for treatment of vitreomacular adhesion. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.045","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713680903308487","author":"W Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen W, Mo W, Sun K et al (2009) Microplasmin degrades fibronectin and laminin at vitreoretinal interface and outer retina during enzymatic vitrectomy. Curr Eye Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02713680903308487","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"3591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3031-1","author":"I Chatziralli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Parikakis E et al (2015) Real-life experience after intravitreal Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography prospective study. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-015-3031-1","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthal"},{"key":"3591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.043","author":"PU Dugel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dugel PU, Tolentino M, Feiner L et al (2016) Results of the 2-year Ocriplasmin for treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion including macular hole (OASIS) randomized trial. Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.043","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"3591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.09.015","author":"DJ Warrow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Warrow DJ, Lai MM, Patel A et al (2015) Treatment outcomes and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of eyes with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion treated with intravitreal Ocriplasmin. Am J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.09.015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304219","author":"RP Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh RP, Li A, Bedi R et al (2013) Anatomical and visual outcomes following Ocriplasmin treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular traction syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304219","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-106855","volume":"236","author":"D Compera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Compera D, Priglinger S, Schumann RG (2019) Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von Ocriplasmin\u2013ein update. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 236:791\u2013797","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"3591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001237","author":"NC Steinle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinle NC, Dhoot DS, Quezada Ruiz C et al (2017) Treatment of vitreomacular traction with intravitreal perfluoropropane (C3F8) injection. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001237","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000000909","author":"G Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu G, Duguay J, Marra KV et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of treatment options for vitreomacular traction: a case series and meta-analysis. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000000909","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-019-0944-9","author":"S Groselli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Groselli S, Wehrmann K, R\u00fcther K et al (2019) Mikrostrukturelle retinale Ver\u00e4nderungen nach pharmakologischer Vitreolyse mit Ocriplasmin- eine SD-OCT-gest\u00fctzte analyse. Ophthalmologe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00347-019-0944-9","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"3591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001448","author":"CK Chan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan CK, Crosson JN, Mein CE, Daher N (2017) Pneumatic vitreolysis for relief of vitreomacular traction. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001448","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000002116","author":"P Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun P, Tandias RM, Yu G, Arroyo JG (2019) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and visual outcome after treatment for vitreomacular traction. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000002116","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13883","author":"S Gattoussi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gattoussi S, Buitendijk GHS, Peto T et al (2018) The European Eye Epidemiology spectral-domain optical coherence tomography classification of macular diseases for epidemiological studies. Acta Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13883","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000000519","author":"P Hahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hahn P, Chung MM, Flynn HW et al (2015) Safety profile of Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion: a comprehensive analysis of premarketing and postmarketing experiences. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000000519","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002733","volume":"40","author":"S Gruchociak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gruchociak S, Djerada Z, Afriat M et al (2020) Comparing intravitreal air and gas for the treatment of vitreomacular traction. Retina 40:2140\u20132147","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-022-00376-2","author":"AN Fouad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fouad AN, Eissa IM, Nassar GA et al (2022) Effect of pneumatic vitreolysis in management of patients with symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction. Int J Retina Vitreous. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-022-00376-2","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"3591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1110823","author":"P Stalmans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stalmans P, Benz MS, Gandorfer A et al (2012) Enzymatic vitreolysis with Ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular holes. New Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1110823","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"3591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.01.011","author":"GP Theodossiadis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Theodossiadis GP, Grigoropoulos VG, Theodoropoulou S et al (2014) Spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction demonstrated by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.01.011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001371","author":"C Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul C, Heun C, M\u00fcller HH et al (2017) Impact of vitreoretinal interface architecture on successful vitreomacular traction resolution in eyes scheduled for intravitreal Ocriplasmin therapy. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001371","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"3591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-015-0073-z","author":"M Maier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maier M, Abraham S, Frank C et al (2015) Ocriplasmin zur Behandlung der symptomatischen vitreomakul\u00e4ren Traktion mit und ohne Makulaforamen: Erste klinische Erfahrungen. Ophthalmologe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00347-015-0073-z","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"3591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310874","author":"C Paul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paul C, Heun C, M\u00fcller H-H et al (2017) Calculating the individual probability of successful Ocriplasmin treatment in eyes with VMT syndrome: a multivariable prediction model from the EXPORT study. Br J Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310874","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["International Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1766167463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-025-03591-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-2630"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2630"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"239"}}